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Vantage Plant Design (PDMS) : Vantage Training Vantage Training Vantage Training Vantage Training
Vantage Plant Design (PDMS) : Vantage Training Vantage Training Vantage Training Vantage Training
Version 11.6
Module 5 Piping Design Training Manual VANTAGE VANTAGE VANTAGE VANTAGE TRAINING TRAINING TRAINING TRAINING
Updates Updates to this manual will be issued as replacement pages and a new Update History Sheet complete with instructions on which pages to remove and destroy, and where to insert the new sheets. Please ensure that you have received all the updates shown on the History Sheet. All updates are highlighted by a revision code marker, which appears to the left of new material. Suggestion/Problems If you have a suggestion about this manual or the system to which it refers please report it to the training department at Fax +44 (0)1223 556669 Email training.uk@aveva.com This manual provides documentation relating to products to which you may not have access or which may not be licensed to you. For further information on which products are licensed to you please refer to your licence conditions. Copyright 2005 AVEVA Solutions All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of AVEVA The software programs described in this document are confidential information and proprietary products of AVEVA Ltd or its licensors. Visit our website at http://www.aveva.com
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Contents
1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................................. 4 1.1 Aim .................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.2 Objectives......................................................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Prerequisites .................................................................................................................................... 4 1.4 Course Structure ............................................................................................................................. 4 1.5 Using this guide............................................................................................................................... 4 2 Pipework Modelling................................................................................................................................. 5 2.1 Piping in PDMS: Basic Concepts................................................................................................... 5 2.2 Piping Specifications ...................................................................................................................... 5 2.3 Setting the Appropriate Specification ........................................................................................... 6 2.4 Pipework Toolbar............................................................................................................................. 6 2.5 Pipe Creation Form.......................................................................................................................... 7 2.6 Pipe Branches.................................................................................................................................. 7 2.7 Pipe Branch Heads and Tails ......................................................................................................... 7 2.7.1 Attributes for heads of branches................................................................................................ 8 2.7.2 Attributes for tails of branches ................................................................................................... 8 2.8 Pipe Branch Head / Tail Positioned Explicitly .............................................................................. 9 2.9 Pipe Branch Head / Tail Connected ............................................................................................... 9 2.10 Pipe Branch Components (Pipe Fittings).................................................................................... 10 2.11 Creating Branch Components (Pipe Fittings)............................................................................. 10 2.12 Component Creation Form ........................................................................................................... 11 2.13 Component Selection Form.......................................................................................................... 11 2.14 Branch Components List Order ................................................................................................... 12 2.15 Typical Design Explorer................................................................................................................ 12 2.16 Typical Design Explorer showing Tube ...................................................................................... 12 2.17 Arrive and Leave Points................................................................................................................ 13 2.18 The Piping Application - A Worked Example.............................................................................. 15 2.18.1 BRANCH /100-B-8/B1 showing input sequence...................................................................... 15 Exercise 1 - Creating a Second Branch ...................................................................................................... 25 Exercise 2 (Building the Pipework) ............................................................................................................. 25 Exercise 3 (Completing the Pipework)........................................................................................................ 29 Exercise 4 (Replacing Components)........................................................................................................... 29 2.19 Orientation and Positioning Components in Falling Pipelines................................................. 30 2.20 Exercise 5 (Creating a Sloping Pipe) ........................................................................................... 31 Exercise 6 (Controlling the Pipe Slope) ...................................................................................................... 32 2.21 Alternative Positioning Forms ..................................................................................................... 34 2.21.1 Position>Component>Plane Through...................................................................................... 34 2.21.2 Positioning Piping Items Relative to Other Design Items ........................................................ 34 Exercise 7 - Pipe Editing............................................................................................................................... 37 2.22 Copying Branches ......................................................................................................................... 38 3 Data Consistency Checker ................................................................................................................... 39 3.1 Possible Types of Data Error ....................................................................................................... 39 3.1.1 Angular Alignment.................................................................................................................... 39 3.1.2 Axial Alignment ........................................................................................................................ 39 3.1.3 Consistent Bores...................................................................................................................... 39 3.1.4 Connection Types .................................................................................................................... 39 3.1.5 Minimum Tube Length ............................................................................................................. 39 3.2 Starting the Data Consistency Checks........................................................................................ 40 3.3 Data Consistency Check Report Format..................................................................................... 40 3.3.1 Data Consistency Diagnostic Messages ................................................................................. 41 3.4 Some Examples of Data Consistency Diagnostic Messages ................................................... 41 3.4.1 Branch Head Errors ................................................................................................................. 41 3.4.2 Branch Tail Errors .................................................................................................................... 42 3.4.3 Plain Branch Errors.................................................................................................................. 42 3.4.4 ComponentSpecific Diagnostics ............................................................................................ 43 3.4.5 EndComponent Diagnostics .................................................................................................. 44 Exercise 8 (Data consistency check) .......................................................................................................... 44
Chapter 1
Introduction
Pipe routing is probably the activity that consumes most time on any large project and it is also one, which causes the most problems. Pipe routing in PDMS has always been one of the major strengths of the system, as you will discover in this module.
1.1 Aim
The following Training Manual describes the use of the Vantage Plant Design (PDMS) for Piping Design.
1.2 Objectives
At the end of this training, you will be able to: Explain the basic concepts of pipes and branches. Describe the use of piping specifications in PDMS. Have a sound knowledge of branch heads and tails and the importance of component list order and flow direction within a branch. Understand how to create, position and orientate piping components. Describe all the functionality of the Create Components form. Understand the catalogue point configurations for standard components. Orient and position components in falling lines. Understand more complex positioning with relation to other design items.
1.3 Prerequisites
The participants must have completed the M3 Basics and Functions and optionally M4 Equipment Design.
Chapter 2
Pipework Modelling
The piping design hierarchy is shown above; each pipe element may own a number of branches. In turn, branches may own a number of piping components like valves and reducers. The difference between pipes and branches is that a branch is only considered to have two ends, while a pipe may have any number of ends, depending on the number of branches it owns. Below shows a pipe with three ends and two branches, where the second branch is connected to the first at the tee.
Branch 1
Tee
Branch 2
This brings in another rule that says that although a branch only has two ends, it may own components (in this case a tee), which connect to other branches. These simple concepts enable any number of piping configurations to be developed, and form the basis of all the PDMS Pipework you will encounter.
These specifications contain all the fittings you will require for the course exercises.
Modifying Pipes
The position and order of the piping components below branch level determine the physical route. In PDMS you only ever need to consider the fittings, because the pipe that appears between fittings is automatically set (or implied) by PDMS according to the specifications of the fittings.
Gasket 1 Flange Head is at face of Nozzle 1 Tail is at face of Nozzle 2 Elbow Direction of Flow Gasket 2 Nozzle 2
Nozzle 1
Elbow Flange
When setting the Branch Head or Tail explicitly you need to specify each of the previously described branch attributes. The Bore, Connection and Position are self explanatorily.
The Head Direction is the direction of the flow and the Tail Direction is opposite to the flow.
Using the Pick Button the Name box can be filled; this is followed by the Connect Button, which make the connection and sets all the Branch Head or Tail Attributes.
The next step in designing a pipe is to create and position a series of fittings, which define the pipe route you require. Just as on a drawing board, you need to decide which piping components are needed in order to satisfy the requirements of the process. The components must be arranged so that the pipe meets its design needs. However, unlike on the drawing board, you do not need to know any fitting dimensions, PDMS derives these automatically from the catalogue. To create piping fittings, you need to select an item from the list of fittings available to you from the associated piping specification. Typical types of fitting available are Elbows, Tees, Reducers, Flanges, Gaskets and Valves etc. There is some intelligence build into the PDMS forms so that by placing for example a valve the associated Gaskets and Flanges will also be created. For all piping components, you will need to carry out the following steps: Select the component from the piping specification, position the component and set the orientation. There tube is not created explicitly it is created automatically or implied by placing fittings.
The Component Types list shows the piping components that are available in the current piping specification, which was set at the Pipe and Branch level. You could select components specification if required. from an alternative
Components are created by selecting the required fitting from the list
10
Items are created in order with or against the flow of the pipe. A tick box is available to allow the adjacent components to be created. This is very useful for creating the flanges of in-line flanged components.
11
As you can see by default there is no TUBE is shown in the explorer window,
12
The below example shows the Explorer Window with the Tube Shown.
When using PDMS the list order will become second nature to you after you have created a number of branches, but for the time being you should be aware of it and should consider carefully where your next item is going to be inserted by watching the Component pointer and Design Explorer. When you are creating a component at the pipe branch head or pipe branch tail you must ensure that you are positioned at the Branch.
Z P2 Y
Y X P1
P3
P0 P1
Reducer
X Z Y
Couplings/Nipples
Z Y P2 P0
P0
P1 X
P1
P2
Bends/Elbows
Z P2 P1 P0 X Y
Nozzles
Z Y P0 X P2
P1
P3
Caps/Plugs/Blind Flanges 13
P2 Y
P0
P1
P3 X
Flange
Check Valve
14
The first time you enter the Pipework application the Default Specification Form will be displayed
15
Function
Notes
Create>Zone Create > Zone or Navigate to the existing Pipe Zone (/PIPE.ZONE)
You may have created a piping zone /PIPE.ZONE earlier. Set Zone Purpose to PIPE
Display the Pipe Creation Form from the Show pipe creation form Icon on the Pipework Toolbar Enter the Pipe Name 100-B-8 Select the Bore 100 Select Button the Apply The Pipe Spec. will automatically be selected from the default spec selected earlier it should be set to /A3B-TRA
16
Function
Notes
We are going to connect the Branch Head and Branch Tail to Equipment Nozzles.
After pressing the Change button on the previous form. Connect each end of branch to its termination point (head and tail)
Once you have connected the Branch Head the previous Pipe form will again be displayed. In the same way as you set the Pipe Head position select the Pipe Tail to nozzle P1501A/N1
Once the name is set use the Connect Button to set the pipe head connection.
17
Function Display the Pipe Component Creation Form from the Show pipe creation form Icon on the Pipework Toolbar
Notes Note where possible we will create the main pipe route and add valves and other in-line fittings later.
We are going to connect a Flange and associated Gasket to the Branch Head, which is in turn connected to a Nozzle.
Select Flange
PDMS will select an appropriate Gasket so we will select a Flange from the Component Types.
Select the Weld Neck Flange (WNF), ensure the component creation is With Flow and the Auto. Create Adjacent button is Ticked.
Using the same form we will select a Weld Neck Flange for the Pipe Tail. In the Design Explorer navigate back up to Branch Level. Change the creation form to Against Flow Select Connect You should now have a Gasket and Flange at the Branch Head and the Branch Tail.
18
Function We will now create our first Elbow after the Flange that is connected to the Branch Head. Using Quick Pipe Router.
Form and Location Select the Dotted Pipe using the LH Mouse button.
Notes
Using the LH Mouse Button drag the Pipe Route Handle Down 500mm and release the mouse button.
19
Function The Blob (or Sphere) on the branch will be deleted automatically later in the tutorial so it can be left for now.
Notes
The RH Mouse Button Options shown here are only to illustrate that they are available.
The Change in direction created will be created as an elbow this could be changed to a Bend (if there are bends available in the spec) using the Component Choice pull down that can be displayed when in Model Editor Mode. Other options are also available from this pull down and some will be used later.
We are now going to create an Elbow at the flange connected to the Pipe Tail Navigate to the flange on the Branch Tail using the LH Mouse Button.
Note the Component Pointer moves to the Flange to indicate where the next component will be created. The Display shows the component creation is against flow from the last time we used the Component Creation form.
20
Function The component Creation Form will still be displaying Flanges. Select the Choose Button and reselect Elbow
Select Connect We will now position the elbow through a North Position of N 302600 by dragging the Elbow using Model Editor Mode. Note: - The World Coordinates are displayed at the bottom of the main graphics window. Fine adjustment can be obtained using the up and down arrows on the keyboard.
21
Function We will now create a Tee and position it through W 303575 Make sure you have selected a 100NB Equal Tee.
Notes
The Tee will be created with Creation Against the Flow and the Configuration set to leave by the offline leg (P3).
Select Connect Using Modify Mode Drag the Tee through W 313575
We will now complete the pipe route using complete in Quick Pipe Route Mode First Select the Dotted Part of the Pipe and enter Modify Mode.
22
Function Drag one Arrow over the other Arrow using the Right Hand Mouse Button Release the Mouse Button and select Complete
Notes
We will now place 2 Gate valves in the branch Select a Gate Valve on the Components Creation Form Use Place and identify Branch Leg for Valve
We will move the valves to the correct position later in the exercise.
As there is a choice of Flanges the Flange Component Creation form is displayed. Select Weld Neck Flange (WNF) and Done
23
Function
Notes
We will now move the Valve and its connected components Fitting to Fitting with the second Elbow in Modify Mode.
Make sure you are NOT in Feature Snap Mode using the F button whilst in Modify Mode. It is possible to move the valve assembly to other legs in the branch, these are indicated in blue.
24
25
Pipe 250-B-5
The Elbow can be lifted in-line with the next item in the branch using The Align selection / component Icon Reducers are created in a similar way to Tees; make sure you select the correct Icon when selecting the bore.
Pipe 200-B-4 The bottom section of this pipe has a small offset of about 15 Deg. The two bottom elbows should be lined using Align selection / component as described earlier.
The Elbow can be directed to face towards the next elbow using the Direct selection / component Icon.
Navigate to the next Elbow and direct it in a similar way using the Direct selection / component Icon.
100-C-13 This pipe must be routed to piping spec F1C-TRA as it is stainless steel, the pipe head can be connected as we have done before. The pipe tail however must be created explicitly. To set the Branch Tail select the Tail Detail Change button on the Create Pipe Branch form.
26
Set the details as shown on the form The connection type should be set to OPEN as the pipe will have an open end. The Direction is set to W as this is the opposite direction to the pipe run direction.
We are going to be routing the pipe onto the Pipe Bridge the steelwork for this pipe bridge will be created using the macro !!traRunMacro('pipeway.pmlmac'). Navigate to a Structural Zone or create one /STRU.ZONE. Open a command line Display > Command Line in this command line type !!trarunracro('pipeway.pmlmac') make sure it is typed in lower case, the steelwork will now be have been created. Create the Gasket, Flange and the first two elbows as we have done before. We will now create the third elbow and position the Bottom of Pipe (BOP) onto the steelwork. This is performed in Quick Pipe Router Mode with feature snapping enabled (F). Select the dotted part of the pipe in Model Editor Mode. Make sure feature snapping is enabled (F) Slide the mouse over the steelwork, when you are positioned over Top of Steel (TOS) pline and extended route handle will be displayed. Select 1/2 OD behind Pline Feature, this will place the BLOB with BOP on TOS.
27
Continue the pipe in Quick Router Mode, the pipe can be finished using Auto Complete.
150-A-57 This pipe should be routed using /A1A-TRA which is a 150# Carbon Steel specification. The Pipe Tail of this pipe will be connected to the suction of pumps P1502A and P1502B, which has 300# Flanges. As there are no 300# flanges in our piping spec we are going to select them from spec /A3B-TRA this is done by setting The Alternative Spec. On the Component Creation Form Select the Use Alternative Spec. button Select Once the alternative spec has been selected the Use Alternative Spec. Tick Box will be activated.
28
Once an alternative spec is selected you can toggle between the Branch Spec or Alternative Spec.
Create the Gasket and Flange at the Pipe Tail from the alternative spec.
Make sure you also tick the Use Alternative Spec box on the component creation form.
Select the Globe valve (GLOB) the valve will be reselected. As the Globe Valve is a different size the Reconnection button is activated. To reconnect all the Reconnection Button. associated components select the
29
In the example below a tee has been added to the falling line to demonstrate how an offset error would be introduced. This error is corrected in PDMS using variable angle zero radius bends.
Bends are normally made from tube so adding a bend would only effect tube length and as the bend we use has no radius the effect is negligible; bends made from tube do not appear on the isometric material list. The following example shows how bends are used to correct falling lines. The first example shows the tee still falling with the main branch; a bend is used at the start of the new bran to reduce the offset error.
30
In this next example the tee is horizontal and two bends are used one at each side to correct the fall.
You should always check contract procedure to establish how to design slopping pipes. The Auto Slope form lets you set the leave direction either up or down of each elbow in a branch. You can specify the slope either as a rate of fall or as an angle.
PDMS will now step through each elbow in the branch. You are required to select the slop for each elbow.
31
As the pipe is open ended finishing at the battery limit the following form is displayed.
As we wish the pipe end to remain in the same place we will select NO
The pipe will now be slopping this can be checked using Query > General as we have done earlier. You should find the elbow direction to be of the form N 0.5729 U.
As you will remember from previous discussion the P3 leave direction of the tee will not be directly up. Create a new branch and connect the pipe head to the tee
The first item in this new branch must be a bend, Create a bend and select the Variable Angle and Radius bend in the choose form
32
To direct the Bend up use Orientate > Component > Leave from the main top pull down.
Orientate>Component>Slope
The PL of the elbow will now be slopping if you check this the angle should be Direction N 0.5729 U.
33
The Plane Through form lets you position the current element using a specific co-ordinate, as in this example, or by using the cursor, or with respect to any other previously positioned item.
2.21.2.1
Position>Component>BoP/ToP (Infront)
Note: BoP/ToP in this context refer to the same point, namely the furthest side of the component. Thus, the form settings Top of Pipe Clearance 50 Infront ID Cursor would achieve the same result. This applies in both forwards and backwards modes.
34
2.21.2.2
Position>Component>BoP/Top (Behind)
Note: As in the preceding example, BoP/ToP here refer to the same point. Thus, the form settings Top of Pipe Clearance 50 Behind - D Cursor would achieve the same result.
2.21.2.3
constrained centreline
50
/BEAM
picked with cursor
50
2.21.2.4
constrained centreline
50
/BEAM
picked with cursor
35
2.21.2.5
Position>Component>Clearance (Infront)
Note:
The form settings Clearance 50 Onto ID Cursor would achieve the same result in this example.
2.21.2.6
Position>Component>Clearance (Behind)
Note: The form settings Clearance 50 Under ID would achieve the same result in this example.
2.21.2.7
constrained centreline
50
/BEAM
picked with cursor
50
36
2.21.2.8
constrained centreline
/BEAM
picked with cursor
Set the form as shown Select Apply and Identify Column /COL-B3
37
Direct the Elbow leave to point up. Another elbow is created and positioned so that the bottom of pipe is resting on the steelwork. Position > Component >BOP/TOP
38
Chapter 3
This Chapter shows you how to check the logical consistency of your design data, enabling you to find and correct the most common types of design error. You will normally carry out data consistency checks before you run the clash detection facilities. It is more convenient to do a data check on individual pipes than to do the whole Plant in one go. There may be too many errors to sort out at once.
PA is W30N PL is E
offset axes
Leave Bore 50
Flange connection
Screwed connection
Component A
Component B
39
By using this form, you can generate a diagnostic report on the data consistency of any part of your design. You may list the report on your screen (in the area in the lower half of the form), or you may send it to a file from which you can print a hard copy version. Select Terminal or File and, in the latter case, specify the directory and filename. Choose the hierarchic level at which you want to check the design using the Check list near top left of the form. The default is the current element. Specifying Parameters and Tolerances The data checking utility allows a margin of acceptable error before it diagnoses that you may have a problem. These builtin tolerances have default values, but you may set your own values if you prefer. As an example, by default your report will warn you of all lengths of tube in your design which are shorter than 100mm. This allows you to decide whether each such length is adequate for welding procedures, bolt withdrawal, access, and so on. You can change the acceptable minimum length from 100mm, and may set different minima for up to ten different pipe bore ranges if you wish. For example: A minimum length of 150mm for bores between 25 and 50. A minimum length of 300mm for bores between 50 and 100. To change any of the consistency check tolerances, use the appropriate Parameters button on the form (Piping for our current examples). You will see a subsidiary form on which you can change any of the current tolerances before carrying out the data checks.
40
A230
GASK
HEAD
TAIL
FLAN
PArrive
FLOW
PLeave
TCONN GBD
FBD
PIPE A
The connection as shown is a valid one. If any of the connection types were changed, you might see the following messages: A230 CONNECTION TYPE HCONN NOT SAME AS TERMINAL CONNECTION TYPE The connection types FBD-FBD in this example must be the same. CONNECTION TYPE TCONN NOT SAME AS TERMINAL CONNECTION TYPE The connection types GBD-GBD in this example must be the same. BAD ARRIVE CONNECTION TYPE The connection types GBD-FBD in this example must be listed as compatible in the COCO tables. LEAVE CONNECTION TYPE (of the Flange) NOT COMPATIBLE WITH TCONN The connection types FBD-GBD in this example must be listed as compatible in the COCO tables.
B230
D430
E730
A 20
A 30
A200
A210
If the Head is connected to a terminal, such as a Nozzle or Tee, then the position HPOS should always be identical to that of the appropriate ppoint of the terminal. A230 CONNECTION TYPE HCONN NOT SAME AS TERMINAL CONNECTION TYPE If the Head is connected to a terminal, such as a Nozzle or Tee, then the connection type HCONN should always be identical to that of the appropriate ppoint of the terminal. REFERENCE HSTUBE UNSET There is more than 1mm of tube between the Head and the parrive of the first Component (or the Tail), but HSTUBE is unset. REFERENCE HSTUBE REFERS TO A NONEXISTENT SPCOM This may occur if part of the Specification has been deleted. HSTUBE PROBLEM, CATREF IN SPCOM IS UNSET This indicates an error in the Specification. HSTUBE PROBLEM, CATREF IN THE SPCOM REFERS TO NONEXISTENT Catalogue COMPONENT This may occur if part of the Catalogue has been deleted or if the CATREF is unset. HBORE NOT SAME AS BORE OF HSTUBE The bore of any tube leading from the Head, determined from the Catalogue, should always be identical to HBORE. HCON NOT COMPATIBLE WITH CONNECTION TYPE OF HSTUBE The connection type of any tube leading from the Head, determined from the Catalogue, should be compatible with HCONN. ISPEC REFERENCE POINTS TO NONEXISTENT ELEMENT This error would occur if, for example, the Insulation Specification pointed to by ISPEC had been deleted.
A300
A310
A320
A330
A400
A410
A420
C510
42
C520
HBORE NOT SAME AS TBORE When there are no components on the branch, the Head bore, HBORE, should be identical to the Tail bore, TBORE. HCONN IS NOT COMPATIBLE WITH TCONN This implies that the Head is connected directly to the Tail with no Tube or piping components in between; hence the Head connection type, HCONN, must be compatible with the Tail connection type, TCONN. THIS BRANCH HAS NO COMPONENTS This does not necessarily indicate an error. It is output as a warning.
C530
C540
3.4.4.1
D100
AllComponent Diagnostics
These are applicable to any component, regardless of its position in the network: REFERENCE SPREF UNSET This probably means that you have forgotten to choose the piping component correctly. CONN REFERENCE NOT SET Multiway Components may be left unconnected only if the connection type of the relevant ppoint is OPEN, CLOS, VENT, DRAN or NULL. CONN REFERENCE POINTS TO NONEXISTENT BRANCH This may occur if the Branch which is pointed to by the CONN reference has been deleted. BAD CONN RETURN REFERENCE This may occur if the Branch which is pointed to by the CONN reference has been reconnected to another terminal. ARRIVE TUBE LESS THAN TUBE MINIMUM. ACTUAL TUBE LENGTH IS ... The distance between the arrive ppoint of this component and the leave ppoint of the previous component (or Head) is greater than zero and less than the specified minimum tube length (default: 100mm). BAD ARRIVE GEOMETRY The position and direction of the arrive ppoint of this component are not correct with respect to the leave p point of the previous component (or Head). The error could be caused by incorrect positioning of this component, the previous component (or Head) or both.
D300
D310
D320
D400
D410
D420
BAD ARRIVE BORE The bore of the arrive ppoint of this component is not equal to the bore of the preceding tube or, if this component is not preceded by tube, to the bore of the leave ppoint of the previous component (or HBORE). BAD ARRIVE CONNECTION TYPE The connection type of the arrive ppoint of this component is not compatible with the preceding tube or, if this component is not preceded by tube, to the connection type of the leave ppoint of the previous component (or HCONN). REFERENCE LSTUBE UNSET You have probably forgotten to select the piping Component. LEAVE BORE NOT SAME AS BORE OF LSTUBE The bore of the leave ppoint of this Component is not the same as the bore of the tube following the Component. 43
D430
D500
D600
D610
LEAVE CONNECTION TYPE NOT COMPATIBLE WITH CONNECTION TYPE OF LSTUBE The connection type of the leave ppoint of this Component is not compatible with the tube following the component.
E710
E720
E730
44