Al III-lea Seminar National de Mecanisme, Craiova, 2008

DYNAMIC SYNTHESIS OF GEARED TRANSMISSIONS

Florian Ion PETRESCU, Barbu GRECU, Relly Victoria PETRESCU, Narcisa POPESCU
Abstract: In this paper one presents shortly an original method to obtain the efficiency of the geared transmissions in function of cover grade of the gearing. With the presented relations one can make the dynamic synthesis of geared transmissions, having in view increasing the efficiency of gearing mechanism in works.

1 Introduction In this paper one presents shortly an original method to obtain the efficiency of the geared transmissions in function of the cover grade. With the presented relations one can make the dynamic synthesis of the geared transmissions having in view increasing the efficiency of gearing mechanisms in work. 2 Determining the gearing efficiency in function of the cover grade One calculates the efficiency of a geared transmission, having in view the deed that at one moment there are more couples of teeth in contact, and not just one. The start model has got four pairs of teeth in contact (4 couple) concomitantly. The first couple of teeth in contact has the contact point i, defined by the ray ri1, and the pressure angle i1; the forces which action in this point are: the motor force Fmi, perpendicular in i on the position vector ri1 and the transmitted force from the wheel 1 at the wheel 2 by the point i, Fi, parallel with the gearing line and with the sense from the wheel 1 to the wheel 2, the transmitted force being practically the projection of the motor force at the gearing line; the defined velocities are similar with the forces (having in view the original kinematics, or the precisely kinematics adopted); the same parameters will be defined for the next three points of contact, j, k, l (see the picture number one). For starting one writes the relations between the velocities (1):

Al III-lea Seminar National de Mecanisme, Craiova, 2008

vi = vmi cos i = ri 1 cos i = rb1 1 vj = vmj cos j = rj 1 cos j = rb1 1 vk = vmk cos k = rk 1 cos k = rb1 1 (1)

vl = vml cos l = rl 1 cos l = rb1 1 From the relations (1), one obtains the equality of the tangential velocities (2), and one explicit the motor velocities (3): (2) vi = vj = vk = vl = rb1 1

O2 Fl, vl rb2 Fml, vml K2 l k rl1 rk1 rj1 A j i ri1j i rb1 O1 K1 Fmi, vmi Fi, vi

Fig. 1 Four pairs of teeth in contact concomitantly. rb1 1 r r r ; v mj = b1 1 ; v mk = b1 1 ; v ml = b1 1 (3) cos i cos j cos k cos l The transmitted forces concomitantly in the four points must be the same v mi =

(4):
Fi = Fj = Fk = Fl = F

(4) (5)

The motor forces are (5): F F F F ; Fmj = ; Fmk = ; Fml = Fmi = cos i cos j cos k cos l The momentary efficiency can be written in the form (6):

Al III-lea Seminar National de Mecanisme, Craiova, 2008

i =
=

Fi vi + Fj vj + Fk vk + Fl vl Pu P = = = Pc Pm Fmi vmi + Fmj vmj + Fmk vmk + Fml vml

4 F rb1 1 = F rb1 1 F rb1 1 F rb1 1 F rb1 1 + + + cos 2 i cos 2 j cos 2 k cos 2 l 4 1 1 1 1 + + + 2 2 2 cos i cos j cos k cos 2 l 4 4 + tg i + tg j + tg 2 k + tg 2 l
2 2

(6)

The relations (7) and (8) are auxiliary relations: K 1i = rb1 tg i ; K 1 j = rb1 tg j ;
K 1 k = rb1 tg k ; K 1l = rb1 tg l K 1 j K 1i = rb1 (tg j tg i ); K 1 j K 1i = rb1 2 2 tg j = tg i + z1 z1

K 1 k K 1i = rb1 (tg k tg i ); K 1 k K 1i = rb1 2 2 2 tg k = tg i + 2 z1 z1

(7)

K 1l K 1i = rb1 (tg l tg i ); 2 2 tg l = tg i + 3 z1 z1 2 2 2 (8) tg j = tg i ; tg k = tg i 2 ; tg l = tg i 3 z1 z1 z1 One keeps the relations (8), with the sign plus (+) for the gearing where the drive wheel 1, has external teeth (at the external or internal gearing), and with the sign (-) for the gearing where the drive wheel 1, has internal teeth (the drive wheel is a ring, only at the internal gearing). The relation of the momentary efficiency (6), use the auxiliary relations (8) and takes the form (9): K 1l K 1i = rb1 3

Al III-lea Seminar National de Mecanisme, Craiova, 2008

i =
=

4 4 + tg i + tg j + tg 2 k + tg 2 l
2 2

= =

2 2 2 2 4 + tg i + (tg i ) + (tg i 2 ) 2 + (tg i 3 ) 2 z1 z1 z1

2

4 4 2 (0 + 1 + 2 + 3) 4 + 4 tg i + 2 (02 + 12 + 22 + 32 ) 2 tg i z1 z1
2 2

1
E 4 2 (i 1) 2 2 tg i (i 1) 1 + tg i + E z12 i =1 E z1 i =1 2 2 E

1 = 4 E ( E 1) (2 E 1) 4 tg1 E ( E 1) 2 1 + tg 1 + 6 2 E z12 E z1
2

1 = 2 ( E 1) (2 E 1) 2 tg1 ( E 1) 2 1 + tg 1 + 3 z12 z1
2

(9)

2 2 tg1 (12 1) (2 12 1) (12 1) 2 3 z1 z1 One start in the expression (9) with the relation (6) where one has four pairs in contact concomitantly, but then one generalizes the expression exchanging the 4 figure (four pairs) with E couples (exchanging figure 4 with the E variable, which represents the whole of cover grade +1), and after while one restricts the sums expressions, one exchanges the variable E with the cover grade 12, as well. The mechanical efficiency is more interesting than the momentary efficiency, and will be calculated approximately, exchanging the pressure angle 1, with the normal pressure angle 0, in the relation (9) which takes the form (10); where 12 represents the cover grade of the gearing, and it will be calculated with the expression (11) for the external gearing, and with relation (12) for the internal gearing as well. 1 m = (10) 2 2 tg 0 2 2 (12 1) (2 12 1) (12 1) 1 + tg 0 + z1 3 z12 1 + tg 21 +
2

Al III-lea Seminar National de Mecanisme, Craiova, 2008

a .e . 12

2 z12 sin 2 0 + 4 z1 + 4 + z 2 sin 2 0 + 4 z 2 + 4 ( z1 + z 2 ) sin 0

2 cos 0

(11)

a .i . 12

z e2 sin 2 0 + 4 z e + 4 z i2 sin 2 0 4 z i + 4 + ( z i z e ) sin 0 2 cos 0

(12) The calculations results one has been centralized in the table 1.
Table 1 The centralized results
z1 42 46 52 58 65 74 85 98 115 137 165 204 257 336 457 657

0
[grad]

z2 126 138 156 174 195 222 255 294 345 411 495 510 514 672 914 1314

12ae
1.79 1.87 1.96 2.06 2.17 2.30 2.44 2.62 2.82 3.06 3.35 3.68 4.09 4.66 5.42 6.49

12ae
0.844 0.856 0.869 0.880 0.892 0.903 0.914 0.924 0.934 0.943 0.952 0.960 0.968 0.975 0.981 0.986

21ae
0.871 0.882 0.893 0.904 0.914 0.923 0.933 0.941 0.949 0.957 0.964 0.970 0.975 0.980 0.985 0.989

12ai
1.92 2.00 2.09 2.20 2.32 2.46 2.62 2.81 3.02 3.28 3.59 4.02 4.57 5.21 6.06 7.26

12ai
0.838 0.850 0.864 0.876 0.887 0.899 0.910 0.920 0.931 0.941 0.950 0.958 0.966 0.973 0.980 0.986

21ai
0.895 0.905 0.915 0.925 0.933 0.942 0.949 0.956 0.963 0.969 0.974 0.980 0.985 0.989 0.992 0.994

20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5

3 Conclusions

The best efficiency can be obtained with the internal gearing when the drive wheel 1 is the ring; the minimum efficiency will be obtained when the drive wheel 1 of the internal gearing has external teeth. At the external gearing, the

Al III-lea Seminar National de Mecanisme, Craiova, 2008

better efficiency can be obtained when the greater wheel is the drive wheel; when one decreases the normal angle 0, the cover grade increases and the efficiency increases as well. The efficiency increase too, when the number of teeth of the drive wheel, 1, increase as well (when one increases z1).

References 1- PETRESCU, R.V., PETRESCU, F.I., POPESCU N., Determining Gear Efficiency, In Gear Solutions magazine, March 2007, USA, p. 19-28; 2- PETRESCU F.I., GRECU B., COMNESCU A., PETRESCU R.V., Geared Transmissions Dynamic Synthesis. In NEW TRENDS IN MECHANISMS, Ed. Academica - Greifswald, 2008, I.S.B.N. 978-3-9402-37-10-1. 3- PETRESCU F., GRECU B., COMNESCU A., PETRESCU V., Determining the Efficiency of Geared Transmissions, In THE 33RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING OFF-ROAD VEHICLES, ORV 2008, ACADEMIA TEHNIC MILITAR, Bucharest, Romania, September 25-26 2008, ISBN 978-973-640-149-7.

PhD. Eng. Florian Ion PETRESCU, Lecturer at University Polytechnic from Bucharest, TMR Department Splaiul Independenei 313, Bucharest, Sector 6, zip 060042, ROMANIA petrescuflorian@yahoo.com PhD. Eng. Barbu GRECU, Prof. at University Polytechnic from Bucharest, TMR Department Splaiul Independenei 313, Bucharest, Sector 6, zip 060042, ROMANIA bgrecu2000@yahoo.com PhD. Eng. Relly Victoria PETRESCU, Lecturer at University Polytechnic from Bucharest, GDGI Department Splaiul Independenei 313, Bucharest, Sector 6, zip 060042, ROMANIA petrescuvictoria@yahoo.com PhD. Eng. Narcisa POPESCU, Assoc. Prof. at University Polytechnic from Bucharest, GDGI Department Splaiul Independenei 313, Bucharest, Sector 6, zip 060042, ROMANIA narcipop@yahoo.com