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A Brief Tutorial on IEEE 802.11n
Kaustubh 8. Phanse K. N. Cop|nath
A|rT|ght Networks
AirTight Networks
Outline
|ntroduct|on: 802.11 overv|ew: h|story and bas|c concepts
802.11n: H|H0 concepts, channe||zat|on, frame aggregat|on, frame
formats, performance
802.11e: 6oord|nat|on funct|ons for 0o8 support, serv|ce c|asses
what th|s tutor|a| w||| N0T cover.
Corrur|cal|or ard |rlorral|or lreory: rodu|al|or ard derodu|al|or
lecrr|ques, esl|ral|or, .
0ela||s ol cerla|r opl|ora| lealures |r 802.11 slardards
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IEEE 802.11
work|ng group estab||shed |n 1990
F|rst standard |n 1997 (a|ready 10 years ago!}
Frequercy: 2.4 Chz band
Prys|ca| |ayer: 0888, Fh, |R
VAC |ayer: 68HA|6A
0ala rale: 2 Hbps
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802.11 protocol suite
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802.11 MAC and PHY enhancements
Physical
PMD
PLCP
MAC
Data link
802.11e
802.11i
802.11n
802.11n
802.11w
Security QoS
Capacity &
Coverage
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Two-slide primer on 802.11 MAC (1)
0|str|buted coord|nat|on funct|on (06F} us|ng carr|er sense
mu|t|p|e access (68HA|6A}
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Two-slide primer on 802.11 MAC (2)
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Example of DCF CSMA/CA (1)
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Example of DCF CSMA/CA (2)
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Example of DCF CSMA/CA (3)
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Example of DCF CSMA/CA (4)
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Example of DCF CSMA/CA (5)
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Example of DCF CSMA/CA (6)
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Example of DCF CSMA/CA (7)
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Motivation for multicarrier modulation
Large de|ay spread (due to mu|t|path recept|on} can cause
s|gn|f|cant |nter-symbo| |nterference (|8|}
8ursl errors
L|r|ls rax|rur acr|evao|e dala rale
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Multicarrier modulation
0|v|de a h|gh-rate sequence of symbo|s |nto severa| |ow-rate
sequences
3yroo| dural|or (T
N
) oecores |arge
Transm|t |ow-rate symbo|s s|mu|taneous|y over mu|t|p|e sub-
channe|s or subcarr|ers
Tola| oardW|dlr 8 |s d|v|ded |rlo suocrarre|s eacr W|lr oardW|dlr 8/N
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Orthogonal frequency division
multiplexing (OFDM)
T|ghter pack|ng of subcarr|ers than trad|t|ona| F0H
8ubcarr|ers are orthogona| to enab|e demodu|at|on
3pac|rg Al |s al |easl 1/T
N
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OFDM in 802.11
Each 20 Hhz channe| d|v|ded |nto 52 subcarr|ers
8ardW|dlr ol 1. Vlz aclua||y used lor lrarsr|ss|or
8ubcarr|ers spaced 312.5 Khz
18 suocarr|ers lor dala lrarsr|ss|or
1 p||ol suocarr|ers lor ror|lor|rg
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802.11n PHY Enhancements
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What is MIMO?
8|80: 8|ng|e |nput (transm|t} 8|ng|e 0utput (rece|ve}
H|H0: Hu|t|p|e |nput Hu|t|p|e 0utput
3pal|a| d|vers|ly (lrarsr|ller ard rece|ver)
3pal|a| ru|l|p|ex|rg
Tx Rx
Rx Tx
H x N system (N >1, H>1}
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Spatial diversity
Low probab|||ty of |ndependent fad|ng s|gna| paths to s|mu|taneous|y
exper|ence deep fades
Use mu|t|p|e |ndependent|y fad|ng s|gna| paths to reduce the error
Probab|||ty
Need mu|t|p|e antennas spaced suff|c|ent|y apart (- k|2}
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Receiver diversity
Let no|se at each antenna = N
0
6omb|ned output 8NR

=
x x x x

r
1
e
j1
s(t) r
2
e
j2
s(t) r
3
e
j3
s(t) r
M
e
jM
s(t)
a
1
e
-j1
a
2
e
-j2
a
3
e
-j3
a
N
e
-jM
Combiner Output
SNR =

=
=
M
1 k
2
k 0
M
1 k
2
k k
a N
) r a (
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Receiver diversity: Selection combining
6hoose the branch w|th the h|ghest 8NR

=
k
=
0ller |rp|ererled as a s|rg|e rece|ver lral sW|lcres lo lre croser arlerra
orarcr
8ul |l |s sl||| a s|rg|e lrarsr|l-rece|ve cra|r (3l30)
k
2
k
N
r
Radio DSP
Tx
Bit stream Bit stream
Radio
DSP
Rx
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Receiver diversity: Maximum Ratio
Combining (MRC)
C|ve h|gher we|ghts to branches w|th h|gh 8NR and |ower we|ghts
to branches w|th |ow 8NR
Radio
DSP
Tx
Bit stream Bit stream
Radio
DSP
Rx
Radio
Radio
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Receiver diversity: Maximum ratio
combining
0pt|ma| we|ght a
k
=
r
k
|s the energy per symbo| =
Then, 8NR =
6omb|ned rece|ved 8NR

=
Array ga|n: H-fo|d |ncrease |n 8NR versus a 8|80 system
0
k
N
E
0
k
N
ME
0
k
N
r
k
E
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Transmitter diversity: Channel-aware
Transm|tter has know|edge of channe| state |nformat|on (68|}
Feedoac| lror rece|ver
Assure crarre| |s rec|proca|
8|m||ar to rece|ver d|vers|ty w|th coherent comb|n|ng, e.g., HR6
Ass|gr We|grls lo arlerra orarcres deperd|rg or crarre| cord|l|ors
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Transmitter diversity: Channel-unaware
8pace-t|me b|ock codes (8T6}: A|amout| scheme
Assure crarre| ga|r |s corslarl over lWo syroo| per|ods
Trarsr|l syroo|s s
1
ard s
2
dur|rg l|rsl syroo| per|od
Trarsr|l -s
2
ard s
1
dur|rg rexl syroo| per|od
Let each antenna have a channe| ga|n h
k
= r
k
e
jk
Rece|ved s|gna| |s r(t) =
8ymbo| rece|ved dur|ng f|rst symbo| per|od y
1
= h
1
s
1
+ h
2
s
2
8ymbo| rece|ved second symbo| per|od y
2
= -h
1
s
2
* + h
2
s
1
*
)s(t) h (h 0.5
2 1
+
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Transmitter diversity: Alamouti scheme
Let sequence of rece|ved symbo|s be represented as a vector
y = [y
1
y
2
*]
T
y = = Hs
Let z = H
H
y = H
H
Hs = (|h
1
2
| + |h
2
2
|)I
2
s
Then
z
1
= h
1
*z
1
+ h
2
z
2
= (|h
1
2
| + |h
2
2
|)s
1
z
2
= h
2
*z
1
h
1
z
2
= (|h
1
2
| + |h
2
2
|)s
2

h
1
h
2

h
2
*
-h
1
*

s
1

s
2

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Transmitter diversity: Alamouti scheme
Rece|ved 8NR

=
Array ga|n = 1
0|vers|ty ga|n = 2 (Va||date}
0
k
2
2
2
1
2N
|)E h | | h (| +
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Practical significance: array gain and
diversity gain
For a Ray|e|gh channe|: error probab|||ty (P
e
}
For H x N system, P
e

Hax|mum: array ga|n A = HN, d|vers|ty ga|n 0 = HN
SNR
1
D
SNR) x (A
1
Array
gain
Diversity
gain
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Practical significance: array gain and
diversity gain
P
e
SNR
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Spatial multiplexing
Hu|t|p|ex|ng
T|re (T0V), lrequercy (F0V), code (C0V)
30V: us|rg space as arolrer d|rers|or lo ru|l|p|ex dala
0egrees of freedom
R|cr scaller|rg erv|rorrerl
Transm|t un|que data streams over separate RF cha|ns
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Spatial multiplexing
Hax|mum mu|t|p|ex|ng ga|n = m|n (H,N}
Use tra|n|ng symbo|s to est|mate channe| matr|x h
L|near systems theory ana|ogy: m|n (H,N} var|ab|es w|th m|n (H,N}
equat|ons
Radio
DSP
Tx
Radio
DSP
Rx
Radio
Radio
Split
b1
b2
b3
b4
b5
b6
b1 b3 b5
b2 b4 b6
Merge
b1 b3 b5
b2 b4 b6
b1
b2
b3
b4
b5
b6
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Spatial multiplexing gain vs. diversity
gain trade-off
D
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y

g
a
i
n
Spatial multiplexing gain
0, MN
1, (M-1)(N-1)
2, (M-2)(N-2)
k, (M-k)(N-k)
Min(M, N), 0
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802.11n channels
40 Hhz operat|on
Pr|rary crarre| p|us secordary (upper/|oWer) crarre|
Pr|rary lor raragererl lrares, oolr crarre|s lor dala lrares
h|gher bandw|dth, h|gher data rates!
.oul r|grer |rlerlererce
0n|y one non-over|app|ng channe| |n 2.4 Chz
lrp||cal|ors lor |egacy wLANs
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802.11n Modes of Operation
PLCP Enhancements
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802.11n: Modes of Operation
For use of legacy
devices also
VlV0 esl|ral|or: 0-LTF 1 per slrear prov|d|rg crarre|
esl|ral|or lor dala porl|or ol lre lrare
3laggered prearo|es (e.g., sourd|rg pac|els)
Add|l|ora| opl|ora| esl|ral|or |rlo lor crarre|s
Signalling
(See next slide)
3 Hodes: Non-hT, H|xed, Creenf|e|d (d|st|ngu|shed by the|r PL6P headers}
H|xed
Fu|| supporl lor |egacy c||erls
8roadcasl corlro| lrares a|Ways |r 20 Vrz
Perl degradal|or lor .11r slal|ors
Creenf|e|d
No oac|Ward corpal|o|||ly
3rorl & rore ell|c|erl PLCP lorral
No perlorrarce degradal|or lor .11r dev|ces
Detection of PPDU,
timing & coarse
freq acquisition
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L-SIG (MM) & HT-SIG (MM & GF)
Encoded value indicating
Duration of rest of
the packet
Always 6 Mbps
L-SIG of Mixed Mode
Refer to next slides
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Set to a non-zero number, to indicate the difference between the
number of space time streams (N
STS
) and the number of spatial
streams (N
SS
) indicated by the MCS.
Set to 00 to indicate no STBC (N
STS =
N
SS
)
STBC
Set to 1 to indicate that the PPDU in the data portion of the packet
contains an AMPDU otherwise, set to 0.
Aggregation
Set to 1 Reserved
Set to 0 indicates that PPDU is a Sounding PPDU
Set to 1 indicates that the PPDU is not a sounding PPDU
Not
Sounding
Set to 1 indicates that channel estimate smoothing is allowed
Set to 0 indicates that only per-carrier independent (unsmoothed)
channel estimate is recommended
Smoothing
The number of octets of data in the PSDU in the range 0-65535 Length
Set to 0 for 20 MHz or 40 MHz upper/lower
Set to 1 for 40 MHz
CBW 20/40
Index into the MCS table.
Modulation
and Coding
Scheme
Explanation and coding Field Name
HT-SIG
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CRC of bits 0-23 in HT-SIG1 and bits 0-9 in HT-SIG2 CRC
Indicates the Number of extension spatial streams (N
ESS
).
Set to 0 for no extension spatial stream
Set to 1 for 1 extension spatial stream
Set to 2 for 2 extension spatial streams
Set to 3 for 3 extension spatial streams
Number of
extension
spatial
streams
Set to 1 to indicate that the short GI is used after the HT training.
Set to 0 otherwise
Short GI
Set to 1 for LDPC
Set to 0 for BCC
LDPC
coding
Explanation and coding Field Name
HT-SIG
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Modulation & Coding Scheme (MCS)
H68 |s a compact representat|on (|ndex} |nd|cat|ng
Vodu|al|or (8P3K, 0P3K, 0AV,.)
Cod|rg (1/2, ,.)
Nuroer ol 3pal|a| 3lrears (1,2,3,1)
H68 |ndex can be from 0 to 127
Vardalory VC3
MCS 0 to 15 at 20 Mhz (at AP)
MCS 0 to 7 at 20 Mhz (at client STA)
Resl a|| opl|ora|
MCS 16 to 76 are optional
All MCS at 40 Mhz
VC3 ZZ lo 12Z are reserved lor lulure use
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Rate Dependent Parameters (20 MHz and
Mandatory MCS)
NSS = 1
NSS = 2
What is the formula?
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Rate Dependent Parameters (40 Mhz &
Mandatory MCS)
NSS = 1
NSS = 2
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Other Optional MCSs
H68s w|th 88=3
VC3 1 - 23
Vax rale (VC3 23)
216.7 Mbps (20 Mhz)
450 Mbps (40 Mhz)
H68s w|th 88=4
VC3 21 - 31
Vax rale (VC3 23)
288.9 Mbps (20 Mhz)
600 Mbps (40 Mhz)
0ther H68s
lT 0up||cale
MCS 32
Useful under very high noise
Lowest rate of 40 Mhz (bpsk)
6.7 Mbps max rate
VC3s W|lr urequa| rodu|al|or
Use with
Tx beamforming
STBC
MCS 33 38 (4 SS)
Max rate 495 Mbps
MCS 39 52 (4 SS)
Max rate 495 Mbps
MCS 53 76 (4 SS)
Max rate 495 Mbps
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MAC Enhancements
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Frame Aggregat|on
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MPDU
Motivation
Amort|ze PL6P, HA6 overheads
6an be |mp|emented |n severa| ways (as d|scussed next}
8end|ng b|gger packets
H|n|m|z|ng number of A6Ks
MPDU1 PLCP DCF PLCP ACK MPDU2 PLCP DCF PLCP ACK
PLCP DCF PLCP ACK
SIFS
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Physical Level Aggregation (A-MPDU)
Cors|sls ol severa| VP0us addressed lo lre sare rece|ver
lderl|l|ed oy lre lT 3l0 PLCP l|e|d 'Aggregal|or' ol a rece|ved pac|el
Eacr VP0u eroedded |r a suolrare
3uolrares cors|sls ol a de||r|ler lo||oWed oy ar VP0u (ard padd|rg |r sore cases)
Excepl |asl suolrare, olrers are padded so lral lrey are ru|l|p|e ol 1 oyle oclel
0e||r|ler
0e||r|lers (A3Cll N) uselu| lor recovery dur|rg errors
CRC prolecls reserved ard |erglr l|e|ds
wrer ar |rva||d 0e||r|ler |s oola|red, de-aggregal|or process s||ps lorWard 1 oyles ard reslarls |ls searcr lor a
reW VP0u
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Physical Level Aggregation (A-MPDU)
Pararelers regol|aled us|rg 'A-VP0u pararelers sel ol lT capao|||l|es lE l|e|d |r a rgrl lrare
Vax |erglr (1| |s lre ||r|l)
V|r VP0u slarl spac|rg
0 indicates no restriction
Else, ranges from 1/4 to 16 usecs
Realized by using Delimiters with MPDU length 0
Car oe ||r|led oy a slal|or us|rg |ls Assoc pac|el
Exarp|es lrares lral ar A-VP0u car corla|r
0o3 dala lrares
8|oc| ac|
8|oc| ACK req lrares
Acl|or raragererl lrares ol suolype 'Acl|or No ACK (e.g., carry|rg VlV0 |rlo)
Max Rx Factor(x): 0 to 3 [2^13+x]
Min spacing: 0.25 to 16 usecs
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A-MSDU
A-V30u cors|sls ol ru|l|p|e suolrares
A|| V30us are |rlerded lo oe rece|ved oy lre sare rece|ver
Eacr V30u oe|org lo lre sare Tl0 (0o3 c|ass)
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A-MSDU
3upporl |s rardalory al lre rec|ever Wrer |l |s carr|ed |r a s|rg|e (|.e.,
ror A-VP0u) 0o3 0ala VP0u urder Norra| Ac| po||cy
8|oc| Ac| agreererl delerr|res Wrelrer ar A-V30u car oe carr|ed |r 0o3
dala lrares parl ol lre 8A sess|or
A-V30u ||lel|re |rd|cales VAX ||le-l|re ol |ls corsl|luerl V30us
Ar A-V30u car oe Tx url|| |l's a-V30u ||lel|re exp|res or |s rece|ved al lre
rece|ver
lrp||c|l|y rears cerla|r V30us car oe Tx ever aller lre|r |rd|v|dua| ||lel|res
A 3TA sra|| rol lrarsr|l ar A-V30u lo a slal|or lral exceeds |ls Vax
V30u |erglr capao|||ly (regol|aled |r rgrl lrares)
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Block ACK (BA)
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Block Ack Packet Exchange
A00A Request used to |n|t|ate A
sess|on
A00A Response conf|rms|rejects the
sess|ons
Frames of a sess|on need N0T be sent
consecut|ve|y
Trey car oe r|xed W|lr olrer lrares ol
a slal|or
Trey car oe |rler|eaved W|lr pac|els
lror olrer slal|ors
Trey car oe serl |r ru|l|p|e .11e TX0Ps
|ockAckReq used to so||c|t a |ockA6K
response frame
0ELA used to term|nate a A sess|on
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Block ACK Sessions (ADDBA)
6ategory |s |ock A6K and Act|on |s A00 request|response|de|ete
0|a|og token |s some k|nd of a |0 for req|response
Parameter set (def|ned |n next s||de}
T|meout |nd|cates the durat|on (8econds} for wh|ch a sess|on |s act|ve
8tatus code |nd|cates whether the rece|ver accepts the request or not
ll rol, serder |s rol supposed lo use 8|oc| ACK
Request
Response
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Block Ack Parameter Set Field used in
ADDBA Action Management Frames
|ock Ack Parameter set f|e|d
A V30u ray or ray rol oe a||oWed as a parl ol lr|s 8A sess|or
8|oc| Ac| po||cy |s 1 lor |rred|ale ACK, 0 lor de|ayed
Delayed is sent at a slightly later time after receiving a Block Ack
Req (See next slide)
Tl0 |rd|cales lre .11e Trall|c lderl|l|er l|e|d (|.e., ar l0 used lo group a|| lrares lral
reed s|r||ar 0o3 lrealrerl)
8uller s|ze |rd|cales oullers
Recipient controls the buffers that can be supported
802.11n
802.11e
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Immediate BlockAck
Delayed BlockAck
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Block ACK Sessions (DELBA)
0ELA used to tear down sess|ons exp||c|t|y
|n|t|ator |nd|cates whether the sender or rece|ver of 0o8 data has
|n|t|ated 0ELA
DELBA Parameter set
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BlockAckReq (BAR)
802.11n
802.11e
See Next Slide
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Fields of BlockAckReq Frame
AR 6ontro|
8AR ACK Po||cy (lT-
de|ayed or|y)
Normal ACK
No ACK
Vu|l|-Tl0
Does BAR consist of
req for different QoS
streams?
Corpressed
Support for ACK for
fragments in BA?
Tl0_lNF0
Info about each TID
|nterest|ng note on A po||cy
.11e del|res de|ayed & |rred|ale 8as
|r |ock po||cy f|e|d (A008A)
lr add|l|or, .11r del|res lT |rred|ale
& lT de|ayed po||c|es |r AR A6K
Po||cy
Negotiated between HT
stations as a part of HT
capabilities
Extensions for using BA with
802.11n features such as
frame aggregation (A-
MPDU)
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BlockAckReq
Encoding
-MT BAR
-TID_info contains number of TIDs
-BAR info contains seq number for
that many TIDs
Per TID INFO
-Basic BAR, Compressed BAR
-TID info contains TID for which the
. req has been made
BAR Info Field
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BlockAck frame
|ockAck carr|es A6Ks as b|tmaps
Exact format depends on the encod|ng (see next s||de}
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BA Information for each BA encoding
Basic BA
128 byte bitmap
Compressed BA
Mandatory
8 bit bitmap
No support for fragments
MTBA (repeated
For each TID)
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HT Protection Mechanisms
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Protection Requirements
-Protection may be required if Non-HT stations are present or Non-
greenfield stations are present
-Types of protection that an HT station provides
-RTS/CTS using a legacy rate
-CTS to self using a legacy rate
- Transmit 1
st
frame in a backward compatible mode
-1
st
frame Tx using a Non-HT preamble and then switch to
HT mode
-1
st
frame Tx using a MM preamble and then switch to
Greenfield operation
-Setting of L-SIG values in preamble to protect the current
transmission
-L-SIG TxOP (See next slide)
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L-SIG TxOP Protection
Corrur|cal|or oelWeer 2 lT 3TAs lral supporl lr|s lealure (as d|scussed |r lT capao|||l|es lE srorl|y)
Prolecl|rg ru|l|p|e P30us (e.g., 0ATAACK, RT3/CT3) us|rg a |arger dural|or as der|ved lror L-3l0
L-3l0 0ural|or W||| oe der|ved lror lre VAC reader's dural|or va|ue
Nor-lT 3TAs 'lr|r|' lr|s as a lrarsr|ss|or |rvo|v|rg s|rg|e |arge lrarel
App||cao|e lo lT-V|xed rode Tx or|y
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HT Parameter Negotiation
Information Elements
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Advertising HT Capabilities using MAC
Frames
HT Capability Information Element (E.g., Beacon, Probe Response)
Refer to next slides
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Set to 0 if not supported
Set to 1 if supported
Indicates support for the transmission of
PPDUs using STBC Tx STBC
Set to 0 if not supported
Set to 1 if supported
Indicates Short GI support for the reception of
40 MHz packets Short GI for 40 MHz
Set to 0 if not supported
Set to 1 if supported
Indicates Short GI support for the reception of
20 MHz packets Short GI for 20 MHz
Set to 0 if not supported
Set to 1 if supported
Indicates support for the reception of PPDUs
with HT Greenfield format. Greenfield
Set to 0 for Static SM Power Save
mode
Set to 1 for Dynamic SM Power Save
mode
Set to 3 for SM enabled
The value 2 is reserved
Indicates the Spatial Multiplexing (SM) Power
Save mode. SM Power Save
Set to 0 if only 20 MHz operation is
supported
Set to 1 if both 20 MHz and 40 MHz
operation is supported
Indicates which channel widths the STA
supports Supported channel width set
Set to 0 if not supported
Set to 1 if supported
Indicates support for receiving LDPC coded
packets LDPC coding capability
Encoding Definition Subfield
HT Capabilities Info
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Set to 0 for no support
Set to 1 for support of one spatial
stream
Set to 2 for support of one and two
spatial streams
Set to 3 for support of one, two and
three spatial streams
Indicates support for the reception of PPDUs
using STBC Rx STBC
In Beacon, Measurement Pilot and
Probe Response frames:
Set to 0 if the BSS does not allow use
of DSSS/CCK in 40 MHz
Set to 1 if the BSS does allow use of
DSSS/CCK in 40 MHz
Otherwise:
Set to 0 if the STA does not use
DSSS/CCK in 40 MHz
Set to 1 if the STA uses DSSS/CCK
in 40 MHz
Indicates use of DSSS/CCK mode in a 40 MHz
capable BSS operating in 20/40 MHz mode. DSSS/CCK Mode in 40 MHz
Set to 0 for 3839 octets
Set to 1 for 7935 octets
Indicates maximum AMSDU length. See 9.7b
(A-MSDU operation). Maximum A-MSDU length
Set to 0 if not supported
Set to 1 if supported
Support indicates that the STA is able
to accept an ADDBA request for HT-
delayed Block Ack
Indicates support for HTdelayed BlockAck
operation. HT-delayed BlockAck
Encoding Definition Subfield
HT Capabilities Info
AirTight Networks
Encoding Definition Subfield
Set to 0 if not supported
Set to 1 if supported
Indicates support for the LSIG TXOP
protection mechanism
L-SIG TXOP protection
support
Set to 0 by an AP if the AP allows use
of 40 MHz transmissions in
neighboring BSSs.
Set to 1 by an AP if the AP does not
allow use of 40 MHz transmissions in
neighboring BSSs.
Set to 0 by a STA to indicate to its
associated AP that the AP is not
required to restrict the use of 40 MHz
transmissions within its BSS.
Set to 1 by a STA to indicate to its
associated AP that the AP is required
to restrict the use of 40 MHz
transmissions within its BSS.
When sent by an AP, indicates whether other
BSSs receiving this information are required to
prohibit 40 MHz transmissions.
When sent by a STA, indicates whether the AP
associated with this STA is required to prohibit
40 MHz transmissions by all members of the
BSS. Forty MHz Intolerant
In Beacon, Measurement Pilot and
Probe Response frames transmitted
by an AP.
Set to 0 if the AP does not support
PSMP operation
Set to 1 if the AP supports PSMP
operation
In Beacon frames transmitted by a
non-AP STA:
Set to 0
Indicates support for PSMP operation. See PSMP support
HT Capabilities Info
AirTight Networks
Example Packet Trace Snippet of a Dlink
AP
hT 6apab|||ty |nfo: 70001000001001110
0....... ........ L-3lC 7X0P Protection 3upport: hot 3upported
.0...... ........ AP allows use of 40Mhz 7ransmissions ln heighboring 833s
..0..... ........ 0evice/833 does hot 3upport use of P3MP
...1.... ........ 833 does Allow use of 0333/CCK Rates 40Mhz
....0... ........ Maximal A-M300 size: 3839 bytes
.....0.. ........ 0oes hot 3upport h7-0elayed 8lockAck 0peration
......00 ........ ho Rx 378C 3upport
........ 0....... 7ransmitter does hot 3upport 7x 378C
........ .1...... 3hort Cl for 40 Mhz: 3upported
........ ..0..... 3hort Cl for 20 Mhz: hot 3upported
........ ...0.... 0evice is hot Able to Receive PP00s with CF Preamble
........ ....11.. 3patial Multiplexing Enabled
........ ......1. 8oth 20Mhz and 40Mhz 0peration is 3upported
........ .......0 L0PC coding capability: hot 3upported
AirTight Networks
HT Capabilities IE: Supported MCS Set
Rx H68 |tmask: b|t | = 1 |nd|cates support for that H68
Tx H68 8et 0ef|ned = 0 means both Tx|Rx H68 are equa|
Upto 4 max streams can be supported
Tx unequa| modu|at|on support (as d|scussed ear||er} may or may not be supported
AirTight Networks
HT Extended Capabilities
PC0: 3upporl lor Prased coex|slerce operal|or
A|lerrale oelWeer 20 & pure 10 Vrz operal|or
A Way ol 'lr|erd|y co-ex|slerce
VC3 leedoac|
3lal|or car prov|de VC3 leedoac|
R0 Resporder |rd|cales supporl lor Reverse d|recl|or proloco|
0pl|ora| lealure Wrere |r a |r|l|alor car e||c|l a resporse pac|el oursl lror a resporder
we have not seen any |mp|ementat|ons of the above so far
AirTight Networks
HT Information Element
-Prev IE was about capabilities
-This IE is about actual state of BSS at any point of time (more dynamic)
-See next slide for more
AirTight Networks
HT Information Element
Crarre| re|aled pararelers
Pr|rary crarre|
3ecordary crarre| ollsel
Crarre| W|dlr ol a 3TA (20 or
10)
0ua| 8eacor
Does AP Tx beacon in
secondary channel?
as|c H68 8et
Mandatory MCS for all
STAs in BSS
Similar to Basic rates of
.11a/b/g
RlF3
3rorler |rler pac|el gaps
E.g., 2 usecs (corpare |l W|lr
1 usecs lor 3lF3)
Tx oursl ||r|l
8ursl ol 0F or RlF3 pac|els
0ver|app|rg 833 prolecl|or
0ua| CT3 prolecl|or
3erd a CT3 lor 3T8C & |egacy
3TAs separale|y
Fu|| 833 supporl lor L-3l0 TX0P
prolecl|or
-Phased Coexistence (PCO Parameters)
-PCO Active
-PCO phase (20 or 40 Mhz switch)
AirTight Networks
HT Information element
Operating mode
Non-GF STAs present
-Set to 0
-All STAs in BSS are 20/40 Mhz HT
-All STAs in a 20 MHz HT BSS are 20 Mhz
HT
-Set to 1 (non-member protection)
-Some members on the channel (maybe
outside BSS) are non-HT
-Set to 2
-At least one 20 Mhz only STA in a HT
BSS
- Set to 3
-MM (at least one legacy STA is present in
BSS)
-Set to 0
-All associated STAs in BSS are GF
stations
-Set to 1
-Some non-GF STAs present in a BSS
Protection
-Required for Operating mode 1 & 3
-Protection mechanisms discussed
earlier can be used
- Operating mode can also be
updated dynamically based on BSS
constitution
AirTight Networks
Channel Switch & Extended Channel
Switch Elements
6hanne| 8w|tch
lrd|cales lre secordary crarre| re|al|ve lo lre pr|rary crarre|
Useful for 40 Mhz transmission
0 indicates no sec channel, 2 is reserved
1 means secondary is above primary, 3 means below
8eacors, Prooe Resporses
Crarre| sW|lcr arrourcererl lrares (Acl|or raragererl lrares)
Extended 6hanne| 8w|tch
3W|lcr ol lo a reW crarre| 20 Vrz or a pr|rary crarre| (10 Vrz), ard regu|alory c|ass
8eacors, Prooe Resporses
Crarre| sW|lcr arrourcererl lrares (Acl|or raragererl lrares)
AirTight Networks
Quick Overview of advanced .11n features
Optional and/or not yet available today
AirTight Networks
HTControl
Parameters used for channel measurement procedures and antenna selection
AirTight Networks
When the MAI field is set to the value ASELI, this field
is interpreted as defined in Figure n4 (ASELC
subfield) and Table n3 (The ASEL Command and
ASEL Data parts of the ASELC subfield).
Otherwise, this field contains recommended MCS
feedback.
A value of 127 indicates that no feedback is present.
MCS Feedback and
Antenna Selection
Command/Data
MFB/ASELC
Set to the received value of MSI contained in the
frame to which the MFB information refers.
Set to 7 for unsolicited MFB
MFB Sequence Identifier MFSI
When set to 14, the MAI field contains an Antenna
Selection Indication
(ASELI).
Otherwise the MAI field is interpreted
MCS request or Antenna
Selection Indication
MAI
Set to 1 to request the responder to transmit a
sounding PPDU.
When set to 0, the responder is not requested to
transmit a sounding PPDU.
Sounding Request TRQ
Definition Meaning Field
HT Control: Link adaptation
AirTight Networks
RDP Exchange
AirTight Networks
Thank you
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