PROJECT IN MULTIMEDIA

Compilation of Notes

Submitted by: Evangelista, Nomer T. Rubia, Judy Anne D.

Submitted to: Mr. Jayson Ian V. Degollado MSIT

MULTIMEDIA MW 12:00-13:00 SY 2011-2012

Multimedia Elements Text Audio - It is a mechanical wave that is an oscillation of pressure transmitted through a solid, liquid or gas composed of frequencies within the range of hearing and of a level sufficiently strong to be heard or the sensation stimulated in organs of hearing by such vibration. Graphics - Are visual presentations on some surface, such as a wall, canvas, computer screen, paper or stone, to brand, inform, illustrate or entertain, examples are photographs, drawing, line art, graphics, diagrams, typography, numbers, symbols, geometric design, maps, engineering drawings, or other images.

Type of Graphic Static Graphic showing an

Description does not show any motion or movement

Example a graphic airplane in a

hangar Animated Graphic of a which change overtime to dynamically illustrate a sequence or process flying airplane a collection of static graphics, a graphic showing

Conceptual Graphic

used to explain a concept that is between two computers

a graphic

data transfer that cannot be seen

an idea, theory or impression

Type of Graphic Screenshots or Microsoft word green grabs screen grabs to

Description

Example a course on

generally used in courses based on software applications

can include show how to perform

various task in word, such as opening a document, saving document various option and setting

Simulations or Animations - Different types of simulations or animations used in e-learning courses are software, simulations, social simulations, visual reality, and video simulations. The following table provides a description and examples of each type of simulations.

Type of Graphic Software Simulations simulator used to show the

Description used in Technicolor skill based courses to describe the steps for

Example a

creation of a microsoft word a static screen a course created selling skill play exercise to

document in performing a particular tasks in instead of using an application grab Social Simulations to teach or role plays can use a role students to form strategies test learners that require the use of that reasoning, intuition, or from a perception to solve a problem and help them on their progress customer should be asked on the type of questions based courses to enable typically used in soft skill

New Media - It is a broad term in media studies that emerged in the latter part of the 20th century. For example, new media holds out a possibility of ondemand access to content any time, anywhere, on any digital device, as well as interactive user feedback, creative participation and community formation around the media content. Sample of New Media Facebook -It is an example of the social media model, in which most users are also participants. MULTIMEDIA - It is media and content that uses a combination of different content forms. The term can be used as a noun (a medium with multiple content forms) or as an adjective describing a medium as having multiple content forms. The term is used in contrast to media which use only rudimentary computer display such as text-only or traditional forms of printed or hand-produced material. Contents Form of Multimedia Writing - Is the representation of language in a textual medium through the use of a set of signs or symbols (known as a writing system). It is distinguished from illustration, such as cave drawing and painting, and non-symbolic preservation of language via non-textual media, such as magnetic tape audio.

Sample Writing

Sound - It is a mechanical weave that is an oscillation of pressure transmitted through a solid, liquid, or gas. Composed of frequencies, within the range of hearing and of a level of sufficiently strong be heard, or the sensation stimulated in organs of hearing. Animation - It is a rapid display of a sequence of images of 2-D or 3-D artwork or model positions in order to create an illusion of movement. Sample Animation

Categorization of Multimedia Linear - Active content progresses without any navigational control for the viewer such as a cinema presentation. Non-linear - Content offers user interactivity to control progress as used with a computer game or used in self-paced computer based training. Major Characteristics of Multimedia Multimedia presentations - May be viewed by person on stage, projected, transmitted, or played locally with a media player. Multimedia games and simulations - May be used in a physical environment with special effects, with multiple users in an online network, or locally with an offline computer, game system, or simulator.

Usage of Multimedia
1. Advertising

2. Scientific Method 3. Business 4. Mathematics 5. Medicine 6. Engineering 7. Entertainment 8. Education 9. Art

Multimedia Systems - A Multimedia System is a system capable of processing multimedia data and applications. Characteristics of a Multimedia System 1. A Multimedia system has four basic characteristics: 2. Multimedia systems must be computer controlled. 3. Multimedia systems are integrated. 4. The information they handle must be represented digitally. 5. The interface to the final presentation of media is usually interactive. Challenges for Multimedia Systems A. Sequencing within the media - Playing frames in correct order/time frame in video B. Synchronization

Inter-media

scheduling

(e.g.

Video

and

Audio).

Lip

synchronization is clearly important for humans to watch playback of video and audio and even animation and audio. Ever tried watching an out of (lip) sync film for a long time? The key issues multimedia systems need to deal with here are: 1. How to represent and store temporal information. 2. How to strictly maintain the temporal relationships on play back/retrieval 3. What process is involved in the above? Desirable Features for a Multimedia Very High Processing Power - Needed to deal with large data processing and real time delivery of media. Special hardware commonplace.

Multimedia Capable File System - Needed to deliver real-time media -- e.g. Video/Audio Streaming. Special Hardware/Software needed e.g. RAID technology. Data Representations/File Formats that support multimedia - Data representations/file formats should be easy to handle yet allow for compression/decompression in real-time. Desirable Features for a Multimedia Efficient and High I/O

- Input and output to the file subsystem needs to be efficient and fast. Needs to allow for real-time recording as well as playback of data. e.g. Direct to Disk recording systems. Special Operating System - To allow access to file system and process data efficiently and quickly. Needs to support direct transfers to disk, real-time scheduling, fast interrupt processing, I/O streaming etc. Storage and Memory - Large storage units (of the order of 50 -100 Gb or more) and large memory (50 -100 Mb or more). Large Caches also required and frequently of Level 2 and 3 hierarchy for efficient management. Network Support - Client-server systems common as distributed systems common. Software Tools - User friendly tools needed to handle media, design and develop applications, deliver media.

Components of a Multimedia Capture devices - Video Camera, Video Recorder, Audio Microphone, Keyboards, mice, graphics tablets, 3D input devices, tactile sensors, VR devices. Digitizing/Sampling Hardware

Storage Devices - Hard disks, CD-ROMs, Jaz/Zip drives, DVD, etc Communication Networks - Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, ATM, Intranets, Internets. Computer Systems - Multimedia Desktop machines, Workstations, MPEG/VIDEO/DSP Hardware Display Devices - CD-quality speakers, HDTV,SVGA, Hi-Res monitors, Color printers etc. Applications Examples of Multimedia Applications include: World Wide Web Hypermedia courseware Video conferencing Video-on-demand Interactive TV Groupware Home shopping Games Virtual reality Digital video editing and production systems Multimedia Database systems

Multimedia Time line

Newspaper was perhaps the first mass communication medium to employ Multimedia -- they used mostly text, graphics, and images. In 1895, Gugliemo Marconi sent his first wireless radio transmission at Pontecchio, Italy. A few years later (in 1901) he detected radio waves beamed across the Atlantic. Initially invented for telegraph, radio is now a major medium for audio broadcasting. Television was the new media for the 20th century. It brings the video and has since changed the world of mass communications. Some of the important events in relation to Multimedia in Computing include: 1945 - Bush wrote about Memex 1967 - Negroponte formed the Architecture Machine Group at MIT 1969 - Nelson & Van Dam hypertext editor at Brown Birth of The Internet 1971 - Email 1976 - Architecture Machine Group proposal to DARPA: Multiple Media 1980 - Lippman & Mohl: Aspen Movie Map 1983 - Backer: Electronic Book 1985 - Negroponte, Wiesner: opened MIT Media Lab 1989 - Tim Berners-Lee proposed the World Wide Web to CERN (European Council for Nuclear Research) 1990 - K. Hooper Woolsey, Apple Multimedia Lab, 100 people, educ. 1991 - Apple Multimedia Lab: Visual Almanac, Classroom MM Kiosk 1992 - the first M-bone audio multicast on the Net 1993 - U. Illinois National Center for Supercomputing Applications: NCSA Mosaic 1994 - Jim Clark and Marc Andreesen: Netscape 1995 - JAVA for platform-independent application development. Duke is the first applet. 1996 - Microsoft, Internet Explorer.

Motion Graphics - Are graphics that use video footage and/or animation technology to create the illusion of motion or rotation. Graphics are usually combined with audio for use in multimedia projects. Motion pictures are usually displayed via electronic media technology, but may be displayed via manual powered technology as well. Three Capabilities of Computer 1. Interactivity 2. Simulate three dimensional sensory 3. Embody and implement rules of behavior Animation Basics Thaumatrope - It is a toy that was popular in Victorian times. Adise or card with a picture on each side is attached to two pieces of string. When strings are twirled avoidance between the fingers. The two pictures appear to combine into a single image due to persistence of vision. Flip Book or Thick Book - It is a book with a series of pictures that vary gradually from one page to the next, so that when the pages are turned rapidly, the pictures appear to animate by simulating motion or some other change. Zoetrope - It is a device that produces the illusion of motion form a rapid succession of static pictures.

Praxinoscye - It was an animation device, the successor to the zoetrope, it was invented in France in 1877 by Charles Emile Reynald. Traditional Animation - It is an animation technique where each frame is drawn by hand. The technique was the dominant form of animation in cinema until the advent of computer animation. Challenges of Traditional Animation 1. Shooting on Thus - cuts the number of required image in half. 2. Cycle - It is a series of images that can be re-used to extend repetitive action. 3. Holds - The sequence of identical drawings that express a particular state or action. Keyframe - In animation and filmmaking is a drawing that defines the starting and ending points of any smooth transition. Tweening - It is the process of generating intermediate frames between two images to give the appearance that the first image evolves something into the second image. Storyboard - The graphic organized in the form of illustrational or images displayed in sequence for the purpose of pre-visualizing a motion picture, animation, motion graphic or interactive media sequence.

Five Phases: 1. Analysis 2. Design 3. Development 4. Implementation 5. Evaluation

Team it comprises of a group of people or animals linked in a common purpose. Teams are specially appropriate for conducting tasks that are high in complexity and have many interdependent subtasks. Importance of a team 1. Different specialists are needed to produce high quality media. Ex. a person skilled in graphics is seldom equally skilled in sounds. 2. Multimedia project is usually shaped and reshaped by the interactions of team members. Multimedia development is both interactive and iterative Interactive in the sense that the team members often contribute to the development of components outside their immediate expertise. Iterative product development and testing often leads to changes to earliest work. Multimedia team requires Leadership has been describe as the process of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common tasks. Planning psychological process of thinking about the activities required to create a desired goal on some scale. Graphic Designer it is a professional within the graphic design and graphic arts industry who assembles together images, typography or motion graphics to create a piece of design.

Instructional Designer it is the practice of creating instructional experiences which make the acquisition, of knowledge and skill more efficient, effective and appealing.