10.

675 LECTURE 9
RICK RAJTER

1. Today
Finish basis sets
zeta basis set BSSE explanation of test of basis sets correlation (CI and MP) 2. Basis Sets Zeta = ( (2) 1/2 )rn1 e Yln (, ) [(2n)!] Zetas CCPV*Z, AUCCCPV*Z AUG diuse functions * variable... D double, T triple, Q quadruple, 5 quintuple. double means use 2 gaussians to describe each set p polarization cc correlation consistent (electrons optimized) to reproduce atoms energies (CISD). 3. Basis Set Superposition Error BSSE localized LCAO
2 atoms A and B... Individually, they are an incomplete system (which we will
say is a combination of the two).
incompleteness if compensated in the molecule due to the other molecule. The
isolated incomplete basis sets complete/help each other.
The problem: Bond energy over predicted due to change in completeness from A
+B AB independent of method.
Basis Set Limit: extrapolation to the max # of basis sets to still minimize energy.
Solution, use both incomplete orbitals on each atom (named Counter Poise
Correction).
Include the basis function, but no nuclei of the other molecule. This
overcompensates arbitrarily.
Try bigger basis sets to conrm if average is 1/2
4. Correlation Correction beyond mean eld approximation exchange is a correction to the mean eld HF exchange HF correlation
Date: Fall 2004.
1
n+1/2 r ao

RICK RAJTER

Nonrelativistic 5. HF Approximations 1 No correlation 2 BO approximation 3 Incomplete Basis Set 4 Non Relativistic 6. Correlation II E = o E o = exact nonrelativistic energy of the system E HF = HartreeFock energy in the basis set limit E corr = is essentially the correlation or error of the hartreefock energy. 7. Experimental Comparisons HF generally overestimates the vibrational frequencies by 10% heuristic rule.
We can correct via scale factor, which is typically set to 0.84.
HF geometries are generally pretty good to within 0.01
A HF typically not very good with bond energies. Molecule H3 C CH3 HO OH F2 pieces H3 C CH3 OH OH F F 6 31G Experimental 69 97 0 55 33 38
corr HF

Lack of correlation is killing HF Dipole moments are often incorrect Some molecules will not bond when they should. 8. Correction Conguration Interaction (CI)
{ i (x)} complete set basis functions then any function (xi ) described by
i ai i (xi ) coecients. What about (x1 , x2 ) = i ai (x2 )i (xi ) = i j bij j (x2 )i (x1 )
must have proper antisymmetric behavior (x1 , x2 ) = (x2 , x1 )
bij = bji
(x1 , x2 ) = i j bij i (x1 )j (x2 ) j (x1 )i (x2 )
Can expand (x1 , x2 ) in terms of determinants formed from a complete set of
1variable functions.
New variational problem, nd the coecients. If the basis set is complete, then
the lowest eigenvalue of is the exact nonrelativistic solution.
CI is extremely costly.
9. Perturbation Theory Hi = (Ho + V )i = i i Where V is the perturbation or correction to the HF hamiltonian V V N N 1 V = i i (ji ki ) i<k rij o We know that Ho i = Ei o i

10.675 LECTURE 9

Now we perform a Taylor Series expansion. o 1 2 i = Ei + Ei + 2 Ei + ... o 1 2 2 i = i + i + i Plugin and solve. rs = co o + ra cr r + a<b,r<s crs ab + ... a a ab Which are the ground, singlet, and doublet states...
i 1 2 (H + V )(o + 1 1 + 2 2 ) = (Eo + Ei + 2 Ei )(o + 1 ...)
i i i i i equate coecients of o = 0 Ho o = Ei o i i 1 o 1 o = 1 Ho i + V o = Ei 1 + Ei i i i 2 1 o 2 1 1 2 o = 2 Ho i + V i = Ei i + Ei i + Ei i