REPORT Vulcano eruption

Disusun oleh : Nama : Tri Indrayana P No. : 36 Kelas : XI.AI Second volcano erupts on Java: Mount Bromo spewing hot ash While the Merapi volcano on the Indonesian island of Java is still active, a sec ond volcano Mount Bromo erupted today, around 5:40 pm local time. Mount Bromo, a volcano located about 275 km (170 miles) east of Mount Merapi, spew dark grey a sh cloud of half a kilometer (0,3 miles) into the air. Although the Bromo volcano erupts at least once a year and although it currently does not pose a treat to the residents of the region surrounding it, Indonesian officials remain cautious as the Bromo volcano usually does not spew hot ash or debris. Mount Merapis activity has decreased since it first started erupting on the 29th of October. At least 322 people died due to the volcanos eruption.

The Eruption of Mount Merapi A volcanic eruption and a tsunami killed scores of people hundreds of miles apar t in Indonesia - spasms from the Pacific "Ring of Fire," which spawns disasters from deep within the Earth. Tuesday s eruption of Mount Merapi killed at least 18 people, forced thousands t o flee down its slopes and spewed burning ash and smoke high into the air on the island of Java. Meanwhile, off the coast of Sumatra, about 800 miles (1,300 kilometers) west of the volcano, rescuers battled rough seas to reach Indonesia s Mentawai islands, where a 10-foot tsunami triggered by an earthquake Monday night swept away hundr eds of homes, killing at least 113 villagers, said Mujiharto of the Health Minis try s crisis center. Up to 500 others are missing. The twin disasters happened hours apart in one of the most seismically active re gions on the planet. Scientists have warned that pressure building beneath Merapi s lava dome could t rigger its most powerful explosion in years. But Gede Swantika, a government volcanologist, expressed hope the 9,737-foot (2, 968-meter) mountain, which sent rocks and debris cascading down its southern slo pe, could be releasing steam slowly. "It s too early to know for sure," he said, adding that a big blast could still

be coming. "But if it continues like this for a while, we are looking at a slow, long eruption." A 2006 eruption at Merapi killed two people, one in 1994 killed 60 people, and a 1930 blast killed 1,300. After refusing to budge from the volcano s fertile slopes, saying they wanted to tend to their crops and protect their homes, villagers started streaming by the thousands into makeshift emergency shelters late Tuesday. Many carried sleeping mats, bags of clothes and food as they settled in. Officials said earlier that by closely monitoring the volcano 310 miles (500 kil ometers) southeast of the capital of Jakarta, they thought they could avoid casu alties. But the death toll rose quickly. Police and volunteers were shown on Metro TV pulling at least 14 ash-covered bod ies and carrying them to waiting vehicles. Among the dead was a 2-month-old baby, said Mareta, a hospital worker who goes b y only one name. The infant s tiny body was draped in a sheet as his mother crie d. Three people at Panti Nugroho hospital died of burns after being hit by a searin g cloud of ash, said Agustinus Parjo, a spokesman. Even as they contended with the volcano - one of 129 to watch in the world s lar gest archipelago - officials were trying to assess the impact of Monday night s 7.7-magnitude earthquake off Sumatra that triggered the killer tsunami.

Kelud Eruption Could Be Massive Indra Harsaputra, The Jakarta Post, Kediri Cooled lava from a 1990 eruption has blocked magma at Mount Kelud in East Java, which authorities warn could cause a larger eruption this time around. Head of observation at the Bandung-based Volcanology and Geological Disaster Mit igation Center, Mohammad Hendrasto, said Tuesday it was this threat of a larger eruption that prompted the authorities to leave the volcano on top alert. He said an increase in the temperature of Kelud s crater lake also contributed t o the decision not to lower the volcano s alert status. He said the volcano, which has been on top alert status since Oct. 16, has conti nued to experience two to three volcanic quakes a day. ""These indicators have shown there is still a lot of activity at Kelud. The thr eat of eruption is still imminent, although we can t be sure when the explosion will take place,"" he said at a press conference. On Tuesday afternoon, the temperature of the crater lake was 35.6 degrees Celsiu s on the surface, 38.2 degrees Celsius at a depth of 10 meters and 39.5 degrees Celsius at a depth of 15 meters. He said authorities believed the volcano erupted on Oct. 16, when 510 volcanic q uakes occurred in a single day. During the 1990 eruption, the volcano recorded 327 quakes. From Oct. 16 to Tuesday, the magma has reached a depth of 700 meters, he said. ""After further observation over the past four days, we found cooled that has bl ocked the magma s passage out. ""We don t precisely know how thick the cooled lava is, but when the volcano doe s erupt it will send out more solid materials than in previous eruptions,"" Hend

rasto said. A member of the disaster center s team monitoring Kelud estimated the cooled lav a was more than 4.3 kilometers thick and that if the volcano erupted, it might s pew out solid materials for up to three hours. ""If this scenario happens, this year s explosion will be much worse than previo us eruptions on record. It might even be bigger in terms of other volcano erupti ons in the country,"" he said. The cooled lava could be expelled as large stones that could be thrown very long distances, considering the amount of pressure built up inside the volcano. He recommended residents living within a 10-km radius of the crater remain in sh elters. He warned that the longer the magma was blocked inside the volcano, the more car bon dioxide would accumulate. The gas has started coming out from cracks near th e crater, but authorities do not have the equipment to measure the levels of the gas. Many residents, however, have ignored the warnings and returned to their homes. Returning residents say they have survived past eruptions and are not worried ab out Kelud s current rumblings. ""The residents no longer believe the government. I m tired trying to persuade t hem to evacuate. ""I have distributed disclaimers to ensure the residents will not sue if they re injured in the eruption,"" Sugihwaras village head Susiadi told The Jakarta Pos t. Disclaimers have been distributed to 790 families in Ngancar district in Kediri regency. ""I don t want to be blamed by people if there is an eruption,"" he said. Mount Lokon: Biggest eruption sends scores fleeing Mount Lokon in Tomohon, North Sulawesi, released its most powerful eruption y et on Sunday as it spewed hot ash and smoke more than 3,000 meters into the air, prompting alarmed villagers near the volcano to rush back to emergency shelters . The North Sulawesi Disaster Mitigation Center (BPBD) reported an increas e in volcanic activity since morning. Mt. Lokon remains active. The volcano spewed out sand close to the crater early in the morning, North Sulawesi BPBD chief Hoyke Makarawung was quoted as sa ying by news portal kompas.com. Toward the afternoon, the volcano sent ash and volcanic debris flying 3,5 00 meters into the air. The volcanic ash emitted by the explosion also created a 500 meter cloud visible from nearby Manado, the provincial capital. No looking back: Several evacuees, fl eeing eruptions on Mount Lokon, sit in a s earch and rescue truck in Tomohon, North Sulawesi, on Sunday. They will be house d in one of 23 new locations as the existing shelter is housed in a school, whic h begins its new academic year soon. Antara/Basrul Haq The strength of the volcanos eruptions has intensified progressively, leading aut horities to raise the alert status to the highest level. On Thursday, the volcano shot volcanic debris 1,500 meters into the air, but thi s was followed by a dip in volcanic activity on Saturday. Volcanology and Geological Disaster Mitigation Center (PVMBG) chief Surono said it was too early to know whether this latest eruption would be followed by a dec rease in volcanic activity. We are hoping this [latest eruption] has eased the pressure building up behind th e magma dome and that we will now start seeing a decrease in activity, he said. The powerful eruption on Sunday sent villagers fleeing down the slopes in cars a nd motorcycles. Police and soldiers rounded up villagers and took them down the slopes in trucks.

It was huge, Henny Lalawi, who picks beans at a coffee plantation, told The Associ ated Press. It sounded like a bomb and then I saw the crater burst, sending ash high into the air. It was pretty awesome, really, she added. Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) spokesman Sutopo Purwo Nugroho said there were no reports of injuries or new deaths as of Sunday. The eruption occurred amid plans by the Tomohon administration to relocate evacu ees who have sought shelter in schools. Nearly 5,000 evacuees have taken refuge in government shelters while others have taken shelter in the houses of resident s living outside the danger zone. The danger zones, based on PVMBG assessment, include areas within Kinilow and Ka kaskasen subdistricts. Coordinating Peoples Welfare Minister Agung Laksono visited shelters and announce d that the government would disburse Rp 500 million (US$58,500) to help the evac uees. BPBDs Hoyke called on residents to be discerning when receiving information on th e volcano to avoid falling prey to scaremongers. Information on developments on Mt. Lokon from the administration as well as relat ed [government] institutions can be treated as accurate, he said. Mt. Lokon was placed on heightened alert status late last year by the PVMBG. In addition to Mt. Lokon, the PVBMG lists 18 other active volcanoes under this seco nd highest status as well, including North Sumatras Mt. Sinabung and West Javas Mt . Papandayan.