1965 Newspaper Clippings School Desegregation Part 2

REPRODUCED FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
- 125 Table VI-3 Racial Composition In The Three Elementary Centers (based on October 1, 1964 enrollments) Total PK-3 Enrollment
School Cleveland Queries Roosevelt
Percent Negro
643 355 446
42 41 45
Baaed on the migration patterns noted earlier in this report, it is expected that the percent of Negro enrollment in each of the three elementary centers will remain reasonably close to the city-wide average, at least over the next twelve years. Hence, a.reasonable degree of integration is assured. The discussion of the elementary center districting would not be complete without at least commenting an the flexibility for adjusting to unexpected enrollment increases. If each of the buildings is restricted to use by grades PK-3, additions can easily be made without limiting the recreation program.
j
Both free-standing and attached With
additions are possible at each of the three elementary centers.
this kind of flexibility, the .accommodation of a full-day kindergarten" program and other extensions of present services are clearly possible.
REPRODUCED FROM TIE COLLECTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, 1JBRARY OF CONGRESS
- 126 Two Middle Schools Phase 2 calls for the construction of a new middle school in Ward 2 and the conversion of the present junior high school to use as a middle school. At the completion of Phase 2, the total enrollment in grades 4-8 should be divided into districts similar to those shown in Map VI-2. While the enrollment situation should definitely be re-assessed before implementing any particular districting pattern, the best estimate of enrollment in the two schools (using the districts of Map VI-2)'to found in Table VI-4.
Table Vl-4 Estimated Enrollments In The Two 4-8 Middle Schools

1970 1976 603 -1. 19 1420 1313
Allison Park Junior High School

TOTAL
625
The sizable anticipated loss between 1970 and 1976 is due 'primarily to expected expansion in non-public schools. An imaginative program at the middle school level can hopefully reduce the size of this expected loss. (It should be remembered that the "high" estimate calls for a city-wide 4-8 enrollment of 1,408 in 1976.) This, two-district plan is designed to achieve a reasonable degree of racial balance. The Negro percentages based on 1964 ,
REPRODUCED FROM TOE COIISCTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
- 128 enrollments and the districts of Map VI-2 are 40 and 45 percent res-pec'* tively at the Englewood Junior High and the proposed Allison Park Middle School. Without any change in the districting of Map VI-2, . - i . these enrollments should remain in reasonable balance through 1976. Moreover, should unanticipated population shifts occur, considerable flexibility exists for adjusting district lines to maintain racially balanced schools. This whole matter of maintaining an integrated learning experience in the Englewood schools merits further comment. With an overall public school Negro percentage of 42 percent, it is clear that the cooperation of civil-rights leaders, non-public school officials, and even surrounding communities will be required in assuring a truly integrated learning experience for everychild in Englewood. Civil-rights leaders and, for that matter, all Americans must continually encourage the development-of racially integrated~reiêntial patternsr While there is no single solution to the problems of racial imbalance facing ,* our public schools, the development of integrated residential neighborhoods appears to be the best way of preventing extreme racial concentration in school enrollments. It is incumbent
upon both public and non-public school officials to work together
REPRODUCED FRCM THE COLLECTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
- 129 { . ; in providing for all students an educational experience which reflects the pluralism of our democratic society. The Englewood
Public Schools should explore all possible opportunities for*7engaging in cooperative efforts with surrounding communities as a means of
assuring both a socio-economic and racial cross-section in school j -j enrollments. Expansion of the Bergen County student exchange proj i
gram and the acceptance of tuition students into the Englewood schools are two possibilities for accomplishing this end. In summary, two advantages of the,two-district middle school merit further emphasis: 1. It is a flexible plan in the sense that unexpected enrollment increases can be accommodated.at either"of the two middle schools without eliminating needed recreational areas. An addition large enough to accommodate the city-wide middle school outlined in the alternative plan would put a 'real strain on special facilities and would, in all probability, deplete the present recreational area at the Dwight Morrow site. By not adding to the present junior high school building at this time, the 8 to 12 classroom addition originally designed for this building is still possible. 2. Allison Park has great potential as a possible school site. The wooded surroundings and the large acreage could be effectively utilized in creating a school which is both physically attractive and educationally sound. Furthermore, a school in Allison Park would provide a better educational service to residents in that-area of the City.
Single Senior High School Districting at the single senior high school is no problem. The enrollment estimates for grades 9-12 indicate that the high
- 130 school addition should be large enough to accommodate at least 1, 175 students by 19''6.
2.
Financial Implications of the Plan No plan for future school organization can be made without
some consideration of cost.
While precise cost estimates must
await the actual drawing of educational specifications, it is possible to provide a usable outline of the probable cost of various components of the recommended plan. Following this general outline of
costs will be a brief discussion of the community's ability to pay for the plan.
General Building Specifications and Cost Estimates The estimates of this section are based upon per pupil costs of $1, 500 and $2, 500 at the elementary and secondary levels respectively. 32 Because of the specialized facilities needed in the prôpo^Bed Allison Park Middle School, the secondary school figure of $2, 500 has been used in estimating the cost of that school.
Also, mention should be made of the fact that the total estimated cost of $3, 855, 000 can be reduced substantially by the sale of Engle Street and Liberty properties. A recent appraisal of these two properties set the total sale value at $808, 000.33 It is worth noting that the cost of the Dwight Morrow
REPRODUCED- FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
- 131 addition as estimated by the Harvard staff is quite close to an in.,, dependent estimate made by the Englewood School Department."'" In this same vein, although the recommended plan is for three PK-3 elementary centers and two 4-8 middle schools in contrast to the Board's tentative plan for three PK-5 centers and a single 6-8 school, the costs of the two plans are not significantly different. 35
Phase $1,485,000 DW1GHT MORROW HIGH SCHOOL Construction Cost ($1,125, 000) The proposed addition to Dwight Morrow High School includes 6 science laboratories, 2 art rooms, 5 industrial arts shops, 3 home economics areas, a library and curriculum materials center, an auxiliary gymnasium with locker rooms , and a cafeteria addition. Remodeling ($100, ^_ Because most of the specialized facilf-~Jiesjwill be included in the addition, extensive remodeling of the present building to provide teacher spaces and standard classrooms will be required. Site Development ($25, 000) Equipment ($150, 000) Fees and Expenses ($85, 000) $1,485,000 TOTAL (Phase 1)
REPRODUCED FROM THE COLLECTIONS or THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CONGREL;:
- 132 -
Phase Z
$1,995,000
ALLISON PARK MIDDLE SCHOOL36 Construction Cost ($1, 625, 000) This building should include, specialized facilities for art, music, physical education, industrial arts, and home economics; a large instructional materials center; and variable size teaching stations. It should be designed to provrde both specialized and exploratory experiences for all students and should be-adaptable to team teaching. Site Development ($75,000) Equipment ($175,000) Fees and Expenses ($120,000) '
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL MIDDLE SCHOOL Remodeling ($50, 000) Before using this building as a 4-8 .ruddle school, limited remodeling will be required to provide needed large group instruction areas, conference rooms, and . teacher work space. TOTAL (Phase 2)
50,000
$2.045.000
Phase 3 $ 200.000
CLEVELAND SCHOOL Construction Costs ($150, 000) Approximately 4-PK and/or K rooms will be added if the entire PK program is to
REPRODUCED FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CONGRES^
- 133 -
be incorporated into the regular .elementary center program. Remodeling ($50,.000) Additional space should be provided for an instructional materials center, teacher work areas, and small group instruction. ROOSEVELT SCHOOL Construction Costs ($75, 000) At least-2 PK and/or K rooms in an attached or free-standing addition "will be required if PK is to become part of the regular program. Remodeling ($50, 000) The present K room should be converted to an instructional materials center and provision should be made for additional teacher work space. TOTAL (Phase 3) - $': 325,000
125,000
i I
TOTAL COST OF BUILDING PROGRAM (excluding sale or purchase of land)
$3,855,000
Additional Operating Costs Under the recommended plan, transportation will be a substantial, item but a justifiable one in light of the improved educational program and added flexibility. It is estimated that trans-
portation for grades PK-8 under this plan would cost approximately $75, 000 per year. This figure is based on the assumption that all
students living either across the railroad track or over one mile
REPRODUCED FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION,. LIBRARY OF CONGRES^
- 134 -
from their school of attendance will be transported by bus at public expense. It does not appear that maintenance or operating costs will vary appreciably from the tentative plan proposed by the Englewood Board. Obviously, because of smaller sizes, the three
.i
elementary centers will be less costly to operate than in the^Board's ~ PK-5 proposal or the alternate Harvard proposal of PK-4 centers. The two middle schools, on the other hand, will be more expensive than a single center; but this cost will be offset to some degree by the lower elementary center cost figure. Duplication of facilities and staff at the middle school level should not be a serious problem since each facility is large enough to warrant a complete staff and plant.
Community Financial Ability and Willingness Englewood has long had a reputation for efficient govern-rnent-and soundiinances^bothTin the a~rea"of municipal and public schooLaffairs. -The plan as recommended by the Harvard staff
4
will in no way threaten this sound financial position.
The estimated
capital expenditure of $3, 855, 000 is clearly within the limits of the additional school borrowing capacity of 4. 3 million dollars. With respect to the required capital expenditure, the City can expect a favorable bonding rate. A sample debt retirement
PRODUCED FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
- 135 ' ' ' '^ sdule for the total cost of $3, 855, 000 is shown in Table VI-5. ording to this sample schedule, the peak payment of $326, 890 ITS in 1971. Since, by that date, the yearly payments on rent indebtness will have been reduced by $90, 000, the actual increase in debt services is approximately $237, 000. resents a $1.10 per thousand tax increase. This
Translated into
median housing values as reported in Map 1-1, it represents ictual tax increase ranging from $17. 05 to $38. 50 for the average perty owner in Englewood. , -.' This tax increase is clearly realistic considering the ununity's comparative financial position. Table VI-6 shows
i one dollar per. thousand on the tax rate in Englewood raises >.01 per pupil while the same dollar raises lesser amounts in of the listed communities. Hence, the tax effort required to
iport a high level of educational expenditure in Englewood is s than that required-for- the same expenditure level in many
4
rnparable communities.
This lends support to the view that
iglewood can and will support the kind of educational improve ent outlined in this report.
REPRODUCED FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF Tin : MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CONGRE5
- 136 Tabl VI -5 Debt Retirement Schadu le (based on 20-year bonds at 4 percent) Year Phase I $1,485,000 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 I98t 1982
* -^
Phase II $2,045,000
Phase III $325,000
Total $3,855,000 133,650 130.680
133,650 130,680 127,710 124,740 121,770 118,800 115,830 112,860 109,890 106,920 103,950 100,980 98,010 95,040 92,070 89,100 86,130 83,160 80,190 77,220 ', 184,050 179,960 175,870 171,780 167.690 163,600 159,510 155,420 151,330 147,240 143,150 139,060 134,970 130,880 126,790 122,700 118,610 114,520 110,430 106,340
,-~~'" ' 29,250 28,600 27,950 27,300 26,650 26,000 25,350 24,700 24,050 23,400 22,750 22.100 21.450 20,800 20,150 19,500 'l8,850 18,200 17,550 16,900
311,760 304,700 326,890 319,180 311,470 303,760 296,050 288,340 280,630 272,920 265,210 257.500 249,790 242,080 234,370 226,660 218,950 211,240 129,280 124,540 17,550 16,900
1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990
REPRODUCED FROM THE COIiBCTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
..";. - 137 -
Table VI-6 Comparative Tax Effort In Selected New Jersey Communities Amount Available Per Pupil from a One Dollar Tax Rateb 54.19 56701 95.01 3.* 30 83.49 29.48 57.66 39.00 61.54 34.05 26.54 61.71 45.21 3.6 43 39.81 11.76
School District East Rutherford

ENGLEWOOD
School Tax Rate8 8.70 13.10 11,00 17.70 8.70 24.50 11.40 14.70 1.0 18 18.20 10.70 3.70 11.90 1.0 45 16.10 18.60
Englewood Cliffs 'Fair lawn Fort Lee .Glen Rock

Hackensack
Leonia Mahwah Montclair North Arlington Ridge fie Id . Rutherford Teaneck Tenafly Westfield
* This represents the school tax rate (expressed as dollars per thousand of equalized property valuation) for 1964 as reported in Research Bulletin 64-2, New Jersey Education Association, June, 1964.
b These per pupil amounts are based on public school enrollments . 'for the 1962-63 school year and come from Research Bulletin 64-2. New Jersey Education Association, June, 1964^
REPRODUCED -FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
CONCLUSION
This report is the end result of a full-year- study of Englewood's schools. The recommended form of school organi-
zation (which calls for three FK-3 elementary centers, two 4-8 middle schools, and a single 9-12 high school) outlined in preJ., J vious chapters was not conceived in a vacuum but was developed J .with careful attention to the hopes, aspirations, and expressed needs of Englewood residents and the overall political climate j]
of the community. - ;T '-I*. '
Not only does it represent the best in terms .'_'*'
/of. educational opportunity; but it has been weighed carefully against the sometimes divergent views expressed in interviews with city officials, civic and religious leaders, and school personnel. On the basis of these interviews with various local
leaders, the Harvard staff is of the opinion that the vast majority of Englewood residents will view the total plan as a real step forwardTrrpublic education.
.*
The most important thing, however, is not the specific details of the plan itself but the educational, political, and " ' social guidelines used in its development. Although the Board may decide either on the basis of unexpected future developments or its own superior knowledge of the community to make ,
- 139 certain specific changes in the plan as outlined, it would be a serious mistake to violate the important guidelines and educational values used in its development. The following listing ' -"'l| and discussion of advantages is presented here with the hope that such a violation might be avoided.
1. THE RECOMMENDED PLAN OF SCHOOL ORGANIZATION PROVIDES THE OPPORTUNITY FOR AN IMPROVED EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM. If the continuous social and intellectual development of every child is to become a meaningful .goal in American education, we must continually re-examine traditional approches to learning. While the selfcontained classroom, particularly in the early elementary grades, still has many strengths, the restriction which it places on provision for individual and subgroup differences has caused educators to question its importance to a modern educational program. Two new approaches -- the non-graded concept and team teaching -- are both being examined as possible alternatives to the traditional grade and classroom organization. The plan proposed in this report is clearly consistent with both of these aprfproaches, and has the further advantage of providing specialized teachers and facilities at an earlier period in the child's total educational experience. The incorporation of pre-kindergarten into the regular instructional program and the subsequent recommendation tor three PK-3 elementary centers supports the development of a non-graded and continuous learning experience in the early years of life. The middle school for grades 4-8 compliments this continuous developmental experience of the early years by providing the opportunity for specialized learning and team teaching in the upper elementary years. The comprehensive senior high school for grades 9-12 can provide the specialized and
REPRODUCED FROM THE COIiECTICNS OF TIE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CCNGRESL
- 140 general competencies of a modern vocational training program and an individualized academic program for the college-bound student. Englewood's willingness to move in the direction of an educational program of this type is evidenced by such innovations as the team teaching program at Engle Street School and the curriculum revisions proposed by the Englewood School Development Project. The organizational plan recommended in this study is designed to encourage the further development of techniques and projects which lead to an improved instructional program in Englewood.
2.
THE RECOMMENDED PLAN PROVIDES FLEXIBILITY FOR LONG-RANGE POPULATION GROWTH. The acquisition of a large site in Allison Park and the construction of a new 4-fa middle school would enhance the opportunity for adjusting to long-range growth in school enrollment. Without this flexibility, serious restrictions might someday be placed on school recreation areas. Furthermore, only one school is now located in the Ward 2 area. Since the long-range increases in the public school population are most likely to occur in this area of the City, a school in. Allison Park makes a great deal of sense.
3.
THE PLAN PROVIDES FOR A RACIALLY INTEGRATED LEARNING EXPERIENCE FOR ALL STUDENTS. Englewood's present school organization and districting pattern recognizes the importance of an integrated learning experience for all students. Recent population shifts', however, make it desirable to implement a districting pattern similar to that outlined in the recommended plan of school organization. Assuming a continuation of recent migration patterns in the Englewood area, these districts, with only minor modification, should assure a racially integrated learning experience for all students. This provision must, of course, be accompanied by carwfai-atttfntiorf to school program. Not only must' each child's interests and aptitudes be challenged, but
REPRODUCED FR34 THE COIXBOTCNS OF THE MHNUSCRIFT DIVISION, UBRARS? OF CCNGRESS
- 141 the school must also provide hii-n the opportunity for*' broad participation in school activities and interaction with fellow students. The school must continually strive to equip each student with the social and technical knowledge needed for a satisfactory life in a society which emphasizes both change and mobility.
Implementation of the Harvard staff's recommendation on school organization or any other plan which preserves its basic advantages will obviously require an extensive program of dissemination. While the Harvard staff offers no step-by-step
procedure for gaining community acceptance, it is suggested that this study or a summary thereof be distributed to the people of Englev/ood. I oil owing a careful examination of the Harvard
report and after hearing from all responsible interests in the community, the Board should make appropriate modifications in the recommendations as outlined and then set in motion the dissemination and implementation of its own long-range plans. ^Thls Thatterr of dissemination is of crucial importance. It should be mentioned that one of the most frequent complaints
made of the School Board is its failure to keep people informed. While the Harvard staff is in no position to pass judgment on 'the validity of this complaint, it is suggested that the Board make every effort to articulate both the Harvard report and its
REPRODUCED FROM THE COIiECTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS -
- 142 own revisions thereof to the local citizenry. The achievement
of the major educational values inherent in the recommendations of this report, namely, the facilitation of an improved educational program, the flexibility for adjusting to long-range population growth, and the provision of a racially integrated learning experience for all students, is very much dependent upon the Board's commitment to improved education and its ability to communicate this commitment to the people of Englewood.
FOOTNOTES
Message from the President of the United States Relative to A m e r i c a n Education, Committee on Education and Labor, House of Representative, 88th Congress, February ZO, 1961, p. 1. Examples of this over-estimation are found in the /75th Anniversary Edition of the Englewood Press Journal and Public School Building Needs in Englewood, New Jersey (a study , conducted by the Bureau of Educational Research at Ohio State I ( University). Englewood, Its People and Its Schools, A Special , Report to the Board of Education, Englewood, New Jersey, February, 1962, p. 15.
J'] . -- ' 3 -
4 New
York Times, November 16, 1964.
Englewood Master Plan Report, A report prepared by Raymond and May Associates, 1959. ^
6New
York Times. December 8, 1964.
'This study was made in I960 and was related to the Harvard staff by the Superintendent of Schools in Fort Lee, New Jersey. Walker v. Board of Education of the City of Englewood, 1 Race Relations Law Reporter 255 (New Jersey Commissioner of Education May T97 1955).
Q
7 Englewood,
Its People and Its Schools, p. 8.
Walker v. Board of Education of the City of Englewood. 1 Race Relations Law Reporter 255 (May 19, 1955). On the facts before him, the Commissioner was unable to determine whether the discrimination affected the complaining pupil. I ' A ^Shepard- v. Board of Education of the City of Englewood, 207 Federal Supplement 341, 7 Race Relations Law Reporter 354 (District Court, District of New Jersey July 9, 1962).
REPRODUCED FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY-OF CONGRESS
- 144 -
12C jruill v. Board of Education of the City of Englewood, 8 Race Relations Law Reporter 1234 (July 1, 1963). Spruill v. Board of Education of the City of Englewood, 6 Race Relations Law Reporter 1239 (August 1, 1963). "Spruill v. Board of Education of the City of Englewood, (September 25; 1963).
15See Fuller v. Volk, 230 Federal Supplement 25, at p. 28, 9 Race Relations Law Reporter 680, at p. 683 (District Court, District of New Jersey June 3, 1964).
Subsequent to the approval of the Board's plan, the Supreme Court of New Jersey upheld the right of a Board of Education to take racial factors into account in determining the use of school buildings and the establishment of school zones. See Morean v. Board of Education of Montclair, New Jersey, 42 New Jersey Reports 237 (1964).
17See Fuller v. Volk, 230 Federal Supplement 25, at p. 28, 9 Race Relations Law Reporter 680, at p. 683 (District Court, District of New Jersey June 3, 1964).
18See note 16,

19 Fuller v. Volk, 230 Federal Supplement 25, 9 Race Relations Law Reporter 686 (District Court, District of New Jersey June 3,_ 196_4)i_
As an example of this coding procedure, notice that the census area in the upper right-hand corner of Map II-4 is labeled 1-3. This label indicates that it is census area 3 of Ward 1. projections of Appendix B cover a period through the 1976-77 school year and hence, an estimate of non-public school enrollment for at least ten years was required,
22 A. J. Jaffe, Handbook of Statistical Methods for Demographers , Preliminary Edition (Washington: U.S. Census Bureau, 1951), p. 222.
- 145 It should be noted that the multivariable procedure discussed in this chapter is not related to the concept of maximum achool enrollment aa developed in the concluding section of Chapter II. Recent trends in the growth of both total population and public school enrollment suggest that the maximum enrollment of approximately 4, 600 mentioned in that section will not be reached within the next fifteen years.
24"How Should We Educate the Deprived Child, " Occasional Papers, Number 7, Council for Basic Education, Washington, D. C. 1965.
Bloom, Benjamin, Stability and Change in Human Characteristics, (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1965), p. 88. Report of the Advisory Committee on Racial Imbalance and Education, Massachusetts State Board of Education, April, 1965. p. .5. The Cost of a Schoolhouse, Educational Facilities Laboratory Report, Educational Facilities Laboratory, I960, p. 139. A teaching station-is an instructional area which is used on a regularly scheduled basis. At the elementary level, this does not include the library or the gymnasium. At the secondary level, it does not include the library. Also, the -basement-classrooms-are not-counted_a8teaching_stations_sinee rooms in this area of the building are not normally used for instructional purposes. Planning America's School Buildings, Report of the A . A . S . A . School-Building Commission, American Association of School Administrators, I960, pp. 142-143. * "Guide for Schoolhouse Planning and Construction, New Jersey State Department of Education, Trenton, New Jersey, 1964, p. 60. 29
28
- 146 . k'ijf -
It is estimated that the correction of building and educational weaknesses in Liberty School would cost approximately $182, 000. A partial breakdown of this estimate indicates: . . . . < General building repairs including repointing, roofing, chimney, windows, doors, painting, improved acoustics, new flooring, etc. Heating, ventilation, plumbing, sprinklers, electrical and fire detection. Educational renovation including revision of classrooms and alterations to permit new uses of existing space. TOTAL. ^ These figures come from School Management, July 19&4, and represent the average per pupil costs for New Jersey. This appraisal was dated May 13, 1965, and was made by W. Gerould Clark, Jr. , a local Englewood realtor.
. $ 95,000
$ 37,000 $ 50, 000
$182,000
34This independent estimate is found in "A Proposal for a Long-Range Program to Meet Future Education Needs urthe-public Schools of EngVewood, New Jersey, " September, . 1964.
estimated cost of the Board's plan, according to "A Proposal for a Long-Range Program to Meet Future Educational Needs in the Public Schools of Englewood, New Jersey," is $3,782,800.
36Because of the difficulty in estimating land acquisition costs at Allison Park this factor is nbt included in the total cost.
Table A^L Comparison Of Englewood's Age Distribution 1940, U50, 1960 (expressed as percent of total population)
1940
Male Female Total Male
1950
Female Total Male .
1960
Female Total
2.9 7.0
4.2.
2.7
6.8 4.1
5.6
13.8
4.5 5.9 2.5 2.8

15.1 11.9
4.3.'
8.8
11.8
4.0 7.8 3.1 2.2

12.0
^~ .
4.0 8.1 3.3 3.1

14.6
8.0 15^9
5.9 3.1 3.9

17.7 13.3
8.3 8.4
34.2 22.7
5.6 6.7
32.8 25.2
6.4 5.3 26.6 26.8 10.8
3.7
15.5 10.4
4.7
18.7 12.3
12.6
- 14.2
2.9
4.1
7.0
3.4
5.5
8.9
4.2
6.6
Source:
U.S. Census Reports
Table A-2 I/" Age Profile Of Englewood Population By.Ward

' , 1950, 1960 (expressed as percent of total population) "."'""' ~ - " - : '- '-' -
Ward 1 Age Group Under 5 5-14 15-19 20-24 25-44 45-64 65 and over 1950 6.9 11.1 5.2 6.3 30.5 28.7 11.4 100.0 TOTAL
-
Ward 2 1950 8.2 11.6 4.9 6.5 32.2 27.2 9.4 100.0 (5274) I960 6.8 15.1 5.3 4.8 25.8 30.3 11.8 100.0 (5891)
Vard 3 1950 9.9 13.1 5.1 6.2 32.1 24.9 . ~8.8 100.0 (8680) 196.0 8.4 17.7 6.8 4.2 26.1 25.7 10.9 100.0 (9713)
Ward 4 1950 9.0 13.7 7.0 8.0 34.8 20.6 6.8 100.0 (5584) 1960 8.2 22.5 31.2 7.6 6.0 15.1 9.4100.0 (6400)^
' M -
>TQtal
1960 7.2 ' 14.6 7.1 4.9 21.5 31.3 . 13.4 100.0 (4053)
1950 3.8 11.8 5.6 6.7 32.8 25.2 8.9 100. 0
1960 8.0 15.9 6.4 5.3 26.6 26.8 10.8 100.0
(3607)
(23,145) (26,0
Source:
The distribution by ward was compiled from special U.S. Census reports giving detailed information on an enumeration district basis. Numbers in parenthesis represent the actual population for the indicated year.
150
,
Table A-3
Percept Of Families In Selected Communities With Incomes Under $ . 0 . 1960 200.
"
'
"
"
'
"
._.-.- Families Wi th Incomes Under $2,000. Number 171 343 521 27,398 4,230 173 Percent 2.4 4.9 6.3 6-2 10.9 2.6
Community
Bergenfield ENGLEWOOD Hackensack
Total Number of Families 7,213 6,933 8,206 443,681 38,607 6i632
Newark Faterson
Ridgewood
Bergen County New Jersey United - States - .
210,529 1,581,189 -457128,393
7,611 103,311 5,886,481
3.6
65 !
13.0
Source: U.S. Census Reports
REPBODUCEP i'
Ttlfc
151
Table A-4 Distribution Of Occupations Of Englewood Residents (expressed as percent of total employed labor force) Occupational CateKorv -.." Professional and Technical Managers and Proprietors Clerical and Sales Workers Craftsmen Operatives Private Households
WT
19^0 15.2 12.9 24.2 8.9 10.5 15.0 7.2 5.2 ' 1.1
1950 15.1 16.3 22.2 9.1 10.6 10.0 6.4 9.6 .8
1960 17.0 U.2 21.9 8.6 13.4 8.1 . 6.8 4.5 5.5
-'-f
Service Workers Laborers " Not Reported "
Source: U.S. Census reports and Englev7ood, Its People and Its Schools, D, 1-7.
152
Table A-5 Boundaries Of Census Areas
Census Area
Description of Boundaries
1-1 * 1-2
Railroad tracks, City boundary, Engle St., Brownes Terrace. Engle St., City boundary, Thornton Rd. and Highview Rd,, Booth Ave. Thornton Rd. and Highview Rd., boundaty, Booth Ave. City boundary, City
1-3
1-4 . 1-5 1-6 1-7 1-8 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 2-8 2-9 3-1 3-2
Railroad tracks, Brovnes Terrace, Engle St., Chestnut St. Railroad tracks, Chestnut St., Engle St., Demarest Ave. Railroad tracks, Demarest Ave., Engle St., Palisade Ave. Engle St., Booth Ave., Lydecker St., Palisade Ave. Lydecker St., Booth Ave., City boundary, Palisade Ave. Railroad tracks, Palisade Ave., Grand Ave., Linden Ave. Grand Ave., Palisade Ave., Dana PI., Linden Ave. Dana_P1.,_, PalisadeÂve., City Boundary, Linden Ave. . Railroad tracks, Linden Ave., Grand Ave., Route No. 4. Grand Ave. ,< Linden Ave., Broad Ave., Route No. 4. Broad Ave., Linden Ave., City boundary, Route No. 4 . . Railroad tracks, Route No. A., Grand Ave., City boundary. Grand Ave., Route No. 4., Broad Ave., City boundary. Broad Ave., Route No. 4., City boundary. Tenafly Rd.;, City boundary, Railroad tracks, Durie Ave. Tenafly Rd., Durie Ave., Railroad tracks, Hamilton Ave.
-. '
Table A-5 (continued)
'
'
. ' . : - - . .
-.;j^|
Taaafly Rd., Hamilton Ave., Railroad tracks, Demarest Ave. Tenafly Rd., Demarest Ave., Railroad tracks, Palisade Ave. Knickerbocker Rd., City boundary, Tenafly Rd., Cambridge Ave. Knickerbocker Rd., Cambridge Ave., Tenafly Rd., Jane St. Knickerbocker Rd., Jane St., Tenafly Rd., Demarest Ave. Knickerbocker Rd., Demarest Ave., Tenafly Rd., Liberty Rd. Liberty Rd., City boundary, City boundary, Knickerbocker Rd., Try on Ave. Liberty Rd., Tryon Ave., Knickerbocker Rd. City boundary, Tryon Ave., Liberty Rd., Tenafly Rd., Palisade Ave. City boundary, Liberty Rd., Tryon Ave. ;
Lafayette Ave., Palisade Ave., Railroad tracks, Jay St., William St., Englewood Ave. William St., Jay St., Railroad tracks, Linden Ave. City boundary, Overpeck Ave. and William St., Linden Ave., ' Railroad tracks, Route No. 4. City boundary, Route No. 4., Railroad tracks, City boundary. Mattlage PI.,. Palisade Ave.,^Lafayette Ave..Englewood Ave. Lafayette PI., Englewood Ave., William St., Third St. Lafayette PI., Third Sf., William St. and Overpeck Ave., City boundary. City boundary, Palisade Ave., Mattlage PI., Englewood Ave. City boundary, Englewood Ave., Lafayette PI., Qcnesee Ave. City boundary, Genesee Ave., Lafayette PI., City boundary.
In each case, the three or four boundary lines are indicated in clockwise order.
Table A -6 S" School ncoln

W N
PK K
Englewood Public School Census By School, Grade, And Race, October 1, 1964*
j 2. 3 4 5 6 7 8 116 123 "95" 63 60 21 105 32 73 58 44 14 93 60 33 67 20 47 51 47 4 69 31 38 113 71 42 62 22 40 49 39 10 72 43 29 104 108 67 56 48' 41 74 22 52 71 63 8 49 36 13 49 15 34 60 48 12 62 33 29 103 64 39 73 23 50 58 47 11 59 45 14 282 165 118 287 158 129
1 ;'.
9 .
10 -
11 - -
12
SE.. 23 19 4
Total 175 94 81 667 416 251
152 75 77
eve land W
K
berty
W N
27 14 13
457 148 309 347 288 _ 59
arles
W K
osevelt
W
' -
404 248 156 283 165 118
gle St.
W
N
nior High
W
N
278 164 114
251 143 108 287 159 128 277 171 106 277 171 106 239 154 85 239 154 85
14
2^_ 12 7 1 6 71 36 35
830 467 363 810 485 325 3,973 2,311 1,662
nior High
W N HAL W
N
152 75 77 372 310 231 161 141 149 296 175 121 298 177 121 279 163 116 293 179 114 283 165 118 287 158 129 278 164 114 251 143 108
287 159 128
The racial designation used in this table is W for white and N for Negro.
c
Table A-7 Resident Public School Enrollment By Census Area October 1, 1964 White Ward 1 Area 1 2 3 4 5 6 '7 8
360 109 56 47 3 10 67 44
Negro
14 I 1 4 1 1 3 2 1
Total
374 25 110 60 48 4 13 69 45
White Ward 2 Area 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Ward 4 Area 1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Negro
153 14 3 2 120 7 4 0' 3 0 1148 105 99 119 0 50 168 155 183 127 142
Total
813 48 109 86 137 138 131 30 108 26 1186 112 103 119 0 52 174 157 194 131 144
660 34 106 84 17 131 127 30 105 26 38

7 4 0 0 26 2 11 4 2
Ward 3 Area I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1230 124 114 08 67 224 109 96 26 270 47 34 39
347 3 36 0 4 4 1 7 24 4 25 185 54
1585 127 150 80 71 228 110 103 50 274 72 219 93
srthan 3973 as shown in Tables II-3 and II-4 of Chapter II.
J -v
J -
./: .
Table A-8 Resident Public School Enrollment By Ward And Grade* . October V, 1964 Ward 1 T N
1 0 0
Ward 2
'.-'.
y : - ...A-
Ward 3
Ward 4
Total
Grade
PK 1 1
W 7
31 33
W 22
73 44 49
N
6
12
T 28
85 55
W
46 127 85
N
15 32 32
T
61 159 117
W
1 0 2
N
55 97 106
T
: 56
97 108 85 91 77 79 93
W
j
76 231 164 179 180 163 183
N
.-# 77
T
153 372. 313
8
31 33
141 149
' 11
11
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12
TOTAL
31 42 38 39 32 21 13 13 21 22
17 360
2
0 1 1 0
33 42 39 40 32 23 15
60 60 5862 46 62 50 57 75 58 57
94 78 81 89 99 89 IOC 87 76 101 78
31
125
5 4 1 2 2 1 7 2 3 2 6
80. 87 76 77 91 96 80 75 91 76 61
124 123 117 117

122
,'139
303 303 280 300 290 299

281.
56 43 53 35 49 36 41 60 47 52
660
4
15
32. 110 '25 30

20
106 119 119 117 129 105 99 120 99
9
11 13 14 16 15 11
j '168
2
2 1 2 1 1
28 21, 18 23 19 21
97 87 77 94 78 67
H60 164 143

1( 6T
117 110 131 107 88

1662
W
23 23
18
253 291 279 241

-3958
172 153
2296
5
153
14
374
813 1238
347 1585
38 1148 1186
*The enrollments in this table do not include the 15 non-resident students included in Table A-7. In the above table, the special students have been placed in regular school grades according to respective ages.
157
Table A-9
Number Of Students Entering And Leaving The Englewood Public Schools a School Year 1959-60 1960-61 1961-62 1962-63 1963-64 1964-65 Entered Leftb Net Gain
185
174 167 170 229 107
184
184
+ 1
. 167
211 164 36
- 10 - '.__'' . ' - ' - - '

- 41 + 65 + 21
aThe
migration figures in this table include only those students entering and leaving between September and June of each school year. All figures were taken from monthly registers in the School Office.
bDropouts were excluded from the count of students who ___left
cThese
figures for the 1964-65 school year include studenfs~enter~lng and leaving through January, 1965.
158
Table A-10 Total Resident Enrollment In Englewood'a Non-Public Schools* 1961, 1964, 1976 School Elizabeth Morrow Englewood School for Boys Dwight School Moriah School St. Cecilia Grammar School St. Cecilia High School TOTAL
1961
95 100 169 0 607 149 1,120
1964
1976
159 120 181
191 154 213 148 600
6
599
154 1,219
194
1,500
All enrollment figures and estimates are for grades 1-12. Since thePK and X enrollments are not used specifically in the projection of Appendix B, they are not included here. The 1961 figures were obtained from Englewood. Its People and Its Schools, the' 1964 figures from the Harvard Census, and the 1976 figures are estimates based on interviews with administrators in each school and an examination of past enrollment patterns.
Table A-ll Expected Resident Non-Public School Enrollment In Grades 1-12 1964-1976 Grade School Year '1964^65 1965-66 1966-67 1967-68 1968-69 1969-70 1970-71 1971-72 1972-73 . 1973-74 1974-75 1975-76 1976-77 1 "128 127129 148 149 152 152 152 153 153 153 153 153 2 124 130 127 129 148 149 152 152 153153 153 153 3 127128 131 128 129 146 147 147 150 150 150 150 150
4
7 141 139 157 142 151 145 154 153 154 167 168 168 168
8 122 139 137 155 140
9 111 116 129 127 128
10 94 101 105 118 117 118 120 120 .120 120 120 120 120
11 ;.. 85 86 96 100 114 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112
12 80 81 84 94 97 109 109 109 109 109 109 109 109
Total 1,388 1,424 1,467 1,523 1,557 1,592 1,619 1,642 1,667 1,682 1,692 1,697 1,697
121 126 129 130 127 128 146 146 146 146 146 146 146 _
133 "- 122 120 124 128 130 125 128 142 145 145 145 145 145 131 119 124 127 130 127 128 145 146 146 146 146
149 '';' ; 129 143 152 151 152 165 166 166 129 129 129 129 129 129 129
153
These expected non-public school enrollments are used in the "most probable" estimate of future school enrollment in Appendix B.
.*
Table A-12
October 1, 1964 White HaTd~T~~ Area 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Negro Total' White Ward -2Area 1 2 3 4 5 6 7. 8 9 Ward 4 Area 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
337 13 61 72 7 41 71 4 60 8
Negro
381
12 100 67 8 0 6 66 122
T
1 4 0 1 0
388
12 .0 11
5 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0
'n8x
1 6 67 122
Ward 3 Area 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
* 611 67 64104 60 63 23 91 41 46 27
300 1 0 __ 0
61 4
67 65 104 60 64 23 91 42 48 36
22
74 4 1 3 0
96 11 l~ 3
P* 6
7
0 0 .0 5 1 0 6 3 0
0 0
2 9
f 8 7 16 7 27
9 7 22 10 27
19
6
7 9
26 15
'These enrollment figures include all non-public resident students PK-12.
'1
lol
Table A-13
Estimated Student Density By Census Area October 1. 1964 (expressed as number of students per housing unit)
: --' J
1
Jj Public Total Enrollment Enrollment J ' J

J
Public Enrollment
Ward 2
.348
Total Enrollment
.9 44
rd 1
'
/268 . 338 .355 .449 .273 .174 .188 .199 .170
.539 .507 .668 .976 .320 .217 . . .261 '.379 .648
Area 1 / 2 3 , 4 >' 5 6 , 7 ' 8
J j
Area 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Ward 4
Area 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
.222 .202 .312 .533 .451 .504 .263 .381 .328

.0 64 .0 40 .742
.285 .316 .554 .577 .586 .770 .298 .608 .422

.655 .4 42 .750 1.063 .4 46 .557 .630 .785 .587 .871
rd 3
Area
.511
.726 .529 1.020 .352 -.622 .851 .8 48 .657 .798 .933 .656 .854 .4 78
1
2 3 -4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
.343 .702 .273 j-8-1-3.659 .0 43 .339 .430 .790 .436 .762 .4 67
L.036
.0 40 .531 .601 .701 .4 55 .732
.**
APPENDIX B EXPLANATION OF METHODOLOGY USED IN ESTIMATING ENROLLMENTS
163
EXPLANATION OF METHODOLOGY USED I N ESTIMATING ENROLLMENTS
The basic methodology used by the Harvard staff treats each of the major factors affecting school enrollment separately. These factors are survival births, pre-school and school-age
r net
migration, private and parochial school enrollments, grade
retention, and dropouts. Before presenting an analysis of the individual factors, two procedural matters should be discussed. First, while no detail ed estimate of schol enrollment on the basis of race has been included in this report, some of the variables have been analyzed on a racial basis, at least when the required data was available. Reliable data on a racial
;
basis was simply not available for such factors as survival births, grade retentions, and school dropouts. Despite these
omissions, certain speculative estimates of the racial-composition of future school enrollments have been used in outlining the school districting plan of Part Two. Second, the basic multivariable method was used in estimating enrollments in grades 1-12 only. This method could
not be used for pre-kindergarten and kindergarten enrollments because of problems encountered in obtaining past enrollment
REPRODUCE FROM THE:COUSCTICNS OF TOE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY QF CONGRESS
164
data in the required form.
The actual methodology used in
estimating enrollments in these two programs will be explained following the analysis of the six factors forming the basis of the multivariable method. Let us proceed with the examination of these factors.
Examination Of Basic Factors
Survival Births The most obvious source of future school enrollment in Englewood is the births to Englewood residents. In order to estimate the total grade 1-12 enrollment in Englewood through the 1976-77 school year, it is first necessary to estimate ,the number of yearly births between the present year and 1970. By applying a six-year survival rate to these birth estimates, _we_obtain_an estimate of the survival births over the next twelve years. The term survival birth, as used here, is simply
another name for the potential grade 1 enrollment. Making this estimate of survival births requires a determination of the approximate number of women of childbearing age (child-bearing age is considered to be the -15-44 range) in 1970 and some indication of the number of children
REPRODUCED FROM TOE COU^CTICNS OF TOE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF"
CONGRESS
165
these women are likely to bear. The first steps, therefore, are . . :**s-. to estimate the net migration of child-bearing women between I960 and 1970 and to apply an appropriate fertility rate to the estimated 1970 child-bearing population computed in this manner. (The fertility rate, for purposes of this study, is defined as the number of births each year per woman in a given group of women. For example, a fertility rate of . 075 would indicate that this group of women bears 75 children for every 1, 000 women in the group.) To arrive at an estimate of the 1960-70 net migration of child-bearing women, a simple projection based on the 195060 rate of net migration could have been used; but because of the fluctuating pattern of population growth in Englewood, the Harvard staff used a slightly different approach for women in the 25-44 age range. This alternative approach was designed >.: .,
/ 1 .J l i J
to reflect the more recent-migration patterns in Englewood and begins with_the_computation of a I960 fertility rate for Engle*
wood women.
The computation of this I960 fertility rate (which
is simply the ratio of the number of I960 resident births to the number of women in the 15-44 age group as 'reported in the I960 United States Census) for the City and each of the four wards is shown in Table B-l.
REPRODUCED FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OI
166
Table B-l Englewood Fertility Rates, 1960 "**
Ward
Number of Wooen Arces 15*44a
Number of . Resident Births
Fertility |
Rate
1 2
033 1,164 1,920 1,537

5,454
59 04 167 157
467
.071 ~ .072 .007 .102 .086
J J
3 4
TOTAL
- j
'"> f-J
J
J
b
These figures were obtained from 1960 U.S. Census Reports. The total resident birth figures were supplied by the New Jersey Department of Health and the figures for each ward were derived from records in the Englewood Health Department.
By making the assumption that Englewood1 s fertility rate remained fairly constant through 1964, the staff used the resident birth totals for 1964 to estimate the number of childbearing women in Englewood for that same year. (Resident
birth totals for the past ten years are recorded in Table B-2.) The 1964 estimate of child-bearing women obtained in this
ri ''"
manner was then compared with the I960 census enumeration of women. This comparison gave an indication-of the net
167
Table B-2 Resident 1955-1964 Number of Births
506 .493 531 517 516 467 463 521 475 467
EnRlewood
Year
1955 1956 1957 1950 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
Birth figures for all years except 1957, 1958, 1959, and 1964 were obtained from the New Jersey Department of Health. The figures for 1957, 1958, 1959, and 1964 are based on records provided by the Englewood Health Department. All figures include a small number of out-of-atate births to Englewood residents.
migration of women for the 1960-64 period; and, when this rate
^
of net migration was projected over the entire ten-year period, 1960-70, we obtained an estimate of the number of child-bearing women ages 25-44 in 1970. The estimate of child-bearing women in the 15-24 range is obtained by simply adjusting the rates~of migration observed over the 1950-60 period. By applying the
168
1960 fertility rate to this total estimated number of child-bearing women, we obtain an estimate of the number- of "resident births for the year 1970. A simple interpolation process can be used for filling in the births for all the years between 1964 and 1970. The survival birth estimate can then be completed by simply applying a six-year survival rate to these birth figures. Perhaps this entire procedure can best be explained by showing how it was used in estimating city-wide births in Englewood for 1970. We begin with the.information a recorded in Table B-3. Notice that the net migration must be filled in
before we can actually apply a fertility rate to the estimated 1970 child-bearing population. The first two blanks in the net migration column of Table B-3 are obtained by examining the comparable net migration for the 1950-60 decade anfl then adjusting this rate to conform-to the drop in residential construction noted in Chapter I of'-this-repor-t. The result of this adjusting procedure yields
an estimated 1960-70 net migration of +45 for the 15-19 and 20-24 age groups of Table B-3. Having obtained the net migration for these first two age groups, we now employ the alternative procedure in
REPRODUCED FRCM THE COLLECTICNS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY Ol
169
Table B-3 Basic Estimation Table For Englewood Child-Bearins Population, 1970 Actual Number of Women in 1960s Estimated Survival Population 1970b
Age Group 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24
Net Migration
Estimated Number of Women In 1970
1,131 990 036 811 821 915 1,018 1,053
' ' .
*i;:-';
1,127
-"' :
-;' "
984 828 800 807 894

-
25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44
. ____
These figures come from the 1960 U.S. Census Reports. The survival population is gained by multiplying the 1960 population by the ten-year survival rates provided in P.K. Whelpton's Forecasts of Population of the United States. 1945-1975. For example, multiplying the actual 1960 female population in the 5-9 age group by the survival rate reported in the above-mentioned report yields the 1,127 estimate for the 15-19 age group in 1970. (1,131 x .9969 = 1,127)
estimating the migration rate for the remaining groups.
This
alternative procedure calls for using the I960 fertility rate of Table B-l and the number of resident births for 1964 as recorded in Table B-2 to compute an estimated number of
REPRODUCED FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, -LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
women of child-bearing age (15-44) in 1964. This computation is shown below: Estimated Number of Women of "ages 15-44 in 1964
1 1
Number of Births in 1964 Fertility Rateîn 1964

467 ;Q86
5.430
J ' ,.
Assuming a fairly even distribution of women in this child-bearing age range, we can now approximate the number of women in tfye 19-43 age group in 1964 by ^taking 5/6 of the 5,430 estimated;for the entire 15-44 child-bearing group. Since the women in this
', ', ~ ' ' "' ".':'.".". 7 '
19-43 age group in 1964 were in the 15-39 age group in I960,/a comparison of these two figures gives us an estimate of net migration during the 1960-64 period: (Estimated Number of Women! of ages 19-43 in 1964 _ 5 x j Estimated Number of Women! " 6 . |_ of ages 15-44 in 1964
-= 2x 6 5,430
= 4,525
4,525 4,401 +124
[Estimated Number of Women j L of ages 19-43 in 1964 _, Actual Number of Women of ages 15-39! as reported in 196o u % s _ Census
B
J _|!
Net Migration of Women in age group for the 1960-64 period
W iU
REPRODUCED FROM THE OOIZSCTICNS OF SHE DIVISION,- LIBRARY OF CCNGRESS
171
This net migration figure, +124, represents a four -year city -wide migration factor for women of child-bearing age. By multiplying this figure by 10/4 (since we are actually interested in a ten-year migration figure) and then again by 1/5 (since the 15-39 age group includes five of the age groups included in Table B-3), we arrive at an estimate of the net migration for each age group over the 1960-70 decade. This calculation which is shown below is based on the assumption that the net migration pattern of 1960-64 will continue throughout the entire 1960-70 period:
The +62 figure was reduced to +40 before being applied to the actual I960 population of Table B-3. This reduction was based
upon the assumption that the rate of population growth in Englewood is declining-SIowly and is not likely to increase again be-fore._19TB._._The jrecent trend in residential Co^-truction shown _mJTable 1-9 of Chapter I lends support to this assumption. Now*, having gained estimates of net migration for each of the five-year age groups within th* *~*4 range, we can use these net migraH__, '-* along with *<* survival populations
_oie B-3 to arrive" at an estimated child-bearing population ' .
for 1970. This procedure which is illustrated in Table B-4
REPRODUCED KRQM THE COLLECTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CONGRE
- --
172
.
results in an estimated 1970 child-bearing population of 5. 690.
Table B-4 Estimated Child-Bearing Population In Enj?lewood. 1970 Estimated Surviva 1 Population 1970 Estimated Number of Women 1970
Age Group 15-19
Net Miaration 445 +45 +40 +40 +40 +40

m
1,127 984 028 000 807 094 -
1,172 1,029 860 840 847 934

5,690
20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39

"W
40-44 TOTAL
Multiplying this estimated 1970 population of 5, 690 by a fertility

' " " * . ~?"
__rate_pf . 083 gives us an estimated 1970 birth total of 473. The slight decrease in fertility rate (from . 086 in I960 to . 083 in 1*970) is based on the assumption that fertility rates will decline slightly over the next few years. This assumption is consistent
with both national and regional trends. The final step in this procedure for estimating survival births (or potential grade 1 enrollment) is that of applying a
REPRODUCED FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF TOE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
172
results in an estimated 1970 chijd-bearing population of 5, 690, Table B-4 Estimated Child-Bearing Population In Englewood. 1970 Estimated Survival Population 1970 Estimated Number of Women 1970
Age Group 15-19
Net Migration +45 +45 +40 +40 +40

+40
1,127 984 828 000 807 894
1, 172 1,029 860 840 847 934

5,690
20-24 25-29 30-34
35-39 40-44 TOTAL
Multiplying this estimated 1970 population of 5, 690 by a fertility _rate_pf... 083 gives us an estimated 1970 birth total of 473. The slight decrease in fertility rate (from . 086 in I960 to . 083 in 1*970) is based on the assumption that fertility rates will decline slightly over the next few years. This assumption is consistent
with both national and regional trends. The final step in this procedure for estimating survival births (or potential grade 1 enrollment) Is that of applying a
REPRODUCED FROM THE COIiECTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
173
standard six-year survival figure to the birth estimate of 473. This computation results in an estimated survival birth figure for 1970 (or an estimated potential grade 1 enrollment for 1976) of 456. After repeating this same basic procedure for each of the four wards and interpolating back to the years for which birth totals are already known, we arrive at the survival birth estimates as given in Table B-5. These survival births will be
used in estimating public school enrollment by the multivariable method. Pre-School Net Migration One cannot assume that the survival births listed in Table B-5 represent a reasonable estimate of public and nonpublic school enrollmen*sîn grade 1. Children of pre-school age move in and out of the community between the time of birth and entrance into grade 1. The pre-school net migration is simply the balance, or net effect of this in- and out-migration for a given age group of children. The estimates used in this particular study are based upon the pre-school migration rates for children born in 1957 and 1958. The rate of net migration for children in these two
174
Table B-5 Estimated Survival Births In Englewood" 1959"-1970 Year of Birth

1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970
HMMMHM
Ward 1
63 57 55 55 52 52 54 55 54 56 59 61
Ward 2
100 82 93 122 114 119 116 112 110 107 102 94
WWW-
Ward 3
Ward 4
-
Total
500 450 450 504 458 451 449 450 454 459 460 456
160 162 159 176 156 148 147 149 155 159 162
169 149 143 151 136 132 132 134 135 137 137
>.
137
The ^survival births were gained by applying a six-year survival rate to the estimated births for each of the indicated years. age groups was obtained by comparing the number of survival births in 1957 and 1958 with the number of children 7 and 6 years of age, respectively, in the October 1, 1964 school census. Details of this comparison are shown in Table B-6. Notice the large negative pro-school net migrations for both whites and
REPRODUCED FRCM THE COLLECTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION,' LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
175Negroes. This suggests one of^two possibilities -- either the
resident birth f i g u r e s as reported by both the New Jersey and Englewood Health Department are excessive or a great many families with pre-school youngsters have left Englewood over Table B-6y
>J
Pre -School Net. Migration ,For Children
.' , ,
' ' '' .:' '
,
. / '
Born In 1957 Or 1958
y 1957 Births
Number of Resident Births 1957
''. ' ' I Actual Survival / -'School Population Population 7 Yrs. of Age 1964 1964 ,'
Pre -School Net ^ Migration
y
City Total W N Ward 1 W N Ward 2 W N 3ry~
^531 - f 372
/ ; 159
68 67 1 101 85 16 188 179 9 174 41 133
513 . 362 J 151 ,66 65 1 98 83 15 183 174 9 166 40 126
1 !
397 284 113 ...

^ * - **
-98 -66 -32

'
62
-3
59 3 83
70
" :#
-5
+2 -13 -11 -2 -8 -23 +15 -74 -27 -47
' -
f-
"Ward:-3" W
N
Ward 4
173 147 26 79 8 71
! '
W N
I.
1:1
^ The actual pre-echool net migrations computed on the basis of 1957 births represent 6/7 of the difference in the survival population of 1964 and the actual school population of age 7. This adjustment makes the figures consistent with the six-year migration figures computed on the basis of 1958 births. \1!1 _% (continued on next page)
! 1 l'l '
REPRODUCED FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION,
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
- :.-''.- '-.,'!, . . . .1 .
/; -: .- ..''. -
176
Table B-6 (continued) Survival Population 1964
500 325 175 63 63 0 100 93 7 171 157 14 166 12 154
'
-"jit
,.
_i1958 Births
Number of Resident Births 1Q58 "J0
Actual School Population 6 Yrs. of Age 1964

416
Pre- School Net xtpration
-04
-55 "-29
=----:
City Total
W N **
333 1 4 8
270 '.y 146

55 0
---:.-
cs - - -33'
Ward 1 W N .' -~ Ward 2 W

N
65
65
-8 -8 0 -27 -20 +1 +11 -11 +22 -60 -8 -52
0
102
95
73 65
8
102
146 36
1 me,
lO
Ward 3 W S M Ward 4 W
l76
-'
161
15
-"*
162
-J<X~ -J.^
l2
4 102
'
> '
v checking the 1 957 and 1958 births

"" *
against the number of 3 and 2 year olds as reported in the I960

Jt
United States Census, we find that most of the negative preschool net migration noted in Table B-6 had been realized by I960. This lends support to the view that the resident births reported for Englewood are excessive. If, however, these same excessive birth figures are used in estimating future survival births and if the general pattern of pre-school net migration
REPRODUCED .FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
177
% shown in Table B-6 is used in estimating future enrollments in grade 1, the margin of error introduced in the process of estimating future enrollments will be negligible.
*
After examining the migration figures of Table B-6 and making certain intuitive judgments about the changing character of pre-school migration activity, the Harvard staff arrived at the estimated pre-school migration figures of Table B-7. These net migration figures will be used later for estimating grade 1 enrollments in Englewood. School-Age Net Migration In analyzing migration patterns for school-age children, the Harvard staff found a slight positive net migration in the early elementary grades followêAiy'a negative migration pattern in later years. This analysis which was based upon a comparison of the number of school children surviving from the 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 age groups in I960 tP the corresponding age groups in October, 1964, is summarized in Table B-8. As an index to the racial composition of this school-age net migration pattern, the Harvard staff also compared broader age groupings of children classified as white and nonwhite in the I960 United States Census with the corresponding groups in the October 1, 1964
Table B-7 Estimated Pre-School Net Migration 1965-1976 Ward 1 W N Ward 2 ^ N T -11.0 Ward 3
W N T W -5.0
Tfear of School Entrance 1965^66 1966-67 1967-68 1968-69 1969-70 1970-71 1971-72 1972-73 1973-74 1974-75 1975-76 1976-77
Ward 4
N -45.0 T -50.0 /W
Total
N T
-4.0 +2.C -2. -2.0 +2.0 0.0 -2.0 +2.0 0.0 -3.0 -3.0 +2.0 -1.0 +2.0 -1.0
-12.0+1.0
-15.0 +28.0 +5.0

-16.0 +19.5 +3.5
-36.0 .-22.0
-390 -16.5 -41. ( -12.5 -38.0 -11.5 -40.0 - 7.0
-58.0
-55,5 -53.5 -49.5 -47.0 -47;0 -44.5 -44.5 -46.5 -46.5 -45.5
-12*.0 +2.0 -10.0

-12.0 +2.0 -10.0 -15.0 -15.0 -16.0 -16.0 +2.0 -13.0 +3.0 .-12. 0 +3.0 -13.0 +3.0 -13.0
-9.0
-6.0 -6.0 -3.0 -2.0 -2.0
-40.0, -49.0
-40.0 -46.0 -35.0 -35.0 -30.0 -30.0 -41.0 -38.0 -32.0 -32.0
-16.0 +19.5 +3.5 -17,0 +18.5 -17.0 +1.5
-360
-16.5 -52.5.
+18.5 +1.5 -1.0 -1.0 -1.0
-4.0 +3.0 -1.0 -4.0 +3.0 -1.0 -4.0 +1.5 -2.5 -4.0 +1.5 -2.5 -4.0 +1.5 -2.5 -4.0 +1.5 -2.5
-18.0 +17.0 -18.0 +17.0
-40.0 - 7.0 -39.0 -39.0 -40.0 -40.0 -39.0 5.5 -i.5 -4.5 -6.5 -6.5
.-16.0 +6.0 -10.0

-16.0 +6.0 -10.0
-18.. 0 +17.0 -18.0
-1.0
-1.0 -1.0
-30.0- -31.0
-30.0 -30.0 -31.0 -31.0
+17.0 -1.0 -3.0 -3.0
H3B^ +6.0 -10.0

-16.0 +6.0 -10.0 -16.0 +6.0 -10.0
-19.0 +16.0 -19.0 -19.0 +16.0
-1.0
0.0
-30.0 ^-31;0
-30.0 -30.0
-4.0 +1.5 -2.5
+16.0 -3.0
The racial classification in this table is W for white and N for Negro.
^REPRODUCED FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
179
Table B-Q
Ag Group
Ward 1
Ward 2
Ward 3
Ward 4
Total
+.24 +1.50 +.69 +.24 -3.75
+1.50 +.47 +.04 -.20 +.47
-.30
+3.62
-4.17 -1.95 -5.40 -1.95 -3.73
-2.73 +3.71
-11.01
:;
6
7
Jl'
-7.04 -2.30 -6.15
-4.20
-13.16
0 9
1:1.
These net migration figures are given on a per year basis and reflect the overall pattern of migration during the 1960-64 period. The +3.71 for age group 6, for example, means that an average of 3.71 students were added to this age group in each year between the time the group was 6 years of age in 1960 and 10 years of age in 1964.
census of school-age children.
This latter comparison which is
summarized iii Table B-9 reveals a sizable loss of white students, ~espe~cially in the Ward 3 area of Englewood.
4
Based upon the analysis of public school migration and student density in Chapter II, we hypothesize that a good part of the out-migration indicated by Tables B-8 and: B-9! occurred in 1962 and 1963. This same reasoning indicates that the "most
probable" estimate of future school-age net migration in Englewood should reflect a smaller loss of school-age population than
REPRODUCED.FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
180 Table B-9 School-Age Net Migration ?er Year For Children In The 5-9 Af?e Group In 1960* White Ward 1 Hard 2 Hard 3 Hard 4 TOTAL -2.3 -4.1 -20.6 -4.9 -31.9 Nonwhtte +1.3 +6.5 +0.3 -12.4
+3.7
Total -1.0 +2.4 -12.3 -17.3 -28.2
The racial classification of this table is consistent with that used in f.S. Census Enumeration District Reports. Because almost all nonwhites in Englewood are of the Negro race, the figures approximate the whiteNegro net migration rates for the 1960-64 period. It should be noted'that figures in this table represent the yearly net migration for the entire 5-9 age group. The total figures in this table can also be obtained by adding the individual age group migration rates of Table B-0. For example, the Ward 1 total of -1.0 is actually the algebraic sum of the individual entries in the Ward 1 column of Table B-8.
that which has been experienced over the past four years.
This
need for reducing .slightly the losses of the past few years has
4
been considered in arriving at the estimated school-age migration figures of Table B-10. These migration figures in Table
B-10 will be used in obtaining the "most probable" estimate of future school enrollment of Table B-17. It should be remembered
l-
REPRODUCED FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF OCX
181
Table B-10 Estimated School-Aê Net Migration* 1965-1976 Grades Ward 1 Ward 2 Ward 3 Ward 4 m. -.6 Total +2.-S-
2-4 5-6 7-9 10-12
+.5 -.6 -1.1 -.4
+1.6 +.4 -.1 +.7
+1.0 +.4 -i.:3 ; +0.0
-2 +0.0 +.2
+0.0 -2.5
+.5
The net migration figures in this table are expressed in terms of grades rather than ages but generally reflect the larger negative net migration of the older age groups. The rates given in this table represent the "most probable11 estimate of future migration. The rates used" in compiling the "low" estimate of Table B-19 are more in line with the past experience indicated in Table B-8.
that the "high" and "low" estimates of Tables B-18 and B-19 are based on different rates of school-age migration than those, given in Table B-10. Non-Public School Enrollments Englewood's present and future non-public school enrollments are discussed in Chapter II. For purposes of estimating future public school enrollments, we need only to examine the non-public school enrollment estimate for grades 1-12. A summary of the "most probable" estimate is given in Table A - l l of Appendix A.
-.' /\/:/' i*'..' r^
LIBRARY" OF CONGRESS
182
As indicated in Chapter III, the "high" estimate of *f. Table B-18 is based on a different set of assumptions respecting private and parochial school enrollments than that used in the "most probable" estimate. Specifically, the assumptions behind the public school enrollment estimates of Tables B-17, B-18, and B-19 are as follows:
Table B-17 ("Most Probable") The three major private schools in Englewood will continue to draw approximately 40 percent of their enrollments from Englewood and, with the additional facilities already under construction, this will mean , '.-', aa increased resident Englewood enrollment of approximately 100 students in grades 1-12 over the next ten years. In addition to this increase attributed to facilities already under construction at the private schools, the parochial and private schools 'nave certain long- '. range expansion plans which account for the remainder of the total increase of 309 students shown in Table A-ll, Appendix A. Table B-18 ("High") "This-estimate reduces-the expected increase in nonpublic school enrollment to that whick, according to administrators in the various schools, is almost certain to occur. This reduction gives an estimated non-public school enrollment increase of 176. Table B-19 ("Low") The assumptions about non-public enrollments used in obtaining the "low" estimate of Table B-19 are exactly the same as those made in the "most probable" estimate. Hence, the total expected nonpublic school increase is again 309 students.
REPRODUCED FROM THE COIiECTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
183
Grade Retention
Ni
On the basis of grade retention figures compiled by the Englewood School Department for the 1961-62, 1962-63, and 1963-64 school years, the Harvard staff estimated grade retention rates (these are figures indicating the percentage of students who are not promoted at the end of a given school year) for grades 1-9. Retention rates after grade 9 are negligible. Because of
the availability of retention data on an individual school basis, the staff decided to assign slightly different retention rates to each of the four wards in Englewood. These individual ward estimates are, of course, quite speculative. The city-wide and individual ward retention rates are expressed in decimal form in Table B-ll. Notice that the grade retention rates become quite small after grade 3. Table B-.ll Estimated Grade Retention Rates 1964-1976 U_ Ward 1 Ward\ \d 3 .050 Ward 4 City-Wide .090 .055 .030 .075 .020 .055 .005 .025 .010 .005 .025 .010 .005 .025 .010 .008 .029 .011 .010 .031 .012 .005 .025 .010 .030 .070 2 .020 .050 3 .010 .010 _4_ .005 Grade 5 .005 6 .005 .005
T
0 .008 ^.009
9 .005 .005
.006 .007
.005. . .005
.035 " .025
REPRODUCED FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION/ LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
184
Dropouts
" Because of compulsory school attendance requirements,
students rarely withdraw from school before grade 9. In grades 9-12, however, the dropout factor can sometimes have a significant effect upon the size of school enrollment. Because Englewood1 s dropout rates are low, this factor is not as important: in j^ determining future enrollment, in Englewood as it would be in../ many other communities. The estimated future dropout rates by grade and area of the City are given in decimal form in Table B-12. These esti- ' -"'-//. ''"'-.' mates are based on the experience of the past two years. ,,-.,.'
J j
Table B-12 Estimated Dropout Rates 1964-1976
10
^.
12 .024 .027 .031 .056

.026
ward-1 Ward 2 Ward 3 Ward 4 City-Wide
.009 .010 .010 .026 .012
.035 .039 .040 .060

.036
.058 .060 .061 .096 .061
EPRCOUCED FROM THE COIiBCTICNS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
185
Consolidation Of Basic Factors Into An Estimating Procedure Now that the six basic factors have been analyzed, the next step is to combine the estimated values of each into a forecasting procedure which will give an indication of public school enrollments in grades 1-12 through 1976. This forecasting or estimating procedure for grades 1 and 2 is illustrated in Tables B-13 and B,-14". (The estimated enrollments of these two tables have been rounded to the nearest whole number in Table B-17.) The procedure used in grades 3-12 is exactly the same as that used for grade 2, While the operational formulas indicated at the top of Tables B-13 and B-14 should clarify the procedure used, it might be well to point out the source of the figures used in making the estimates shown in these two tables: Table B-13 'Column 1 - Table B-5
.'
1 )
Column-2 - Table B-7

*
Column 3 - Computed as 5. 5 percent of previous years grade 1 enrollments. (See Table B-ll for list of retention rates.) Column 4 - Table A-ll, Appendix A i Table B-14 Column 1 - Table B-13 Column 2 - Table A-ll, Appendix A
( - : '.
df"-
. '.
(
. . '
: :,{..:.: ;
Table B-13 e Enrollment Estimate For Grade 1 "Most Probable" City-WijT955-1976 ' (3) 1 (Retentions inj F pre -School 1 <2) Grade 1 1 i Survival j + |_Net-Migration_y ._+-._ tprevious YearJ j_ Births j
Tl -* t-l-LJ3' *
School Year 1964-65 1965-66 1966-67 1967-65 1968-69 1969-70 1970-71 1971-72 1972-73 1973-74 1974-75 1975-76 1976-77
r <i> T
500.0 450.0 450.0 504.0 458. 0 451.0 449.0 450.0 454.0 459.0 460.0 456.0
(5) (4) Estimated Non-public Public School School Enrollment * Enrollment in Grade 1 Grade 1 This Year j _= 313.0 127.0 129.0 148.0 149.0 152.0 332.2 : 283.0 265.1 316.1 273.9
uri 1
-58.0
v_
17.2 10.3 fi f. LJ.O

Uc. .0
11 /.
-55.5 -52.5 -53.5 -49.5 -47.0 -47.0 -44.5 -44.5 -46.5 -46.5 -45.5
-
1.7 .1
15.1
T/, . 7 l*fr /
152.0 152.0153.0 153.0 153.0 153.0 153.0
2o7 . 1 264.7 267.1 271.2 274.4 275.6 T 272.7
14.6
1A . / 1H 7
14.9
1C 1 -15.1
1 S 9 I.J f-
'
C
Table B-14 . -';.
: :
" --.-' -'- . ~: ' :': ' . ' . . ' - , - . ' : ' V
ff - . <
-'-"--.. . '.-.. -
"Most Probable" City-Wide Enrollment Estimate For Grade 2 1965-1976 (8) <*) j Estimated : Non -public! (5) (6) (7) ! Public | School Retentions Retentions Dropout s School Grade 1 C3) Enrollment Grade 2 Grade 1 Enrollment! Jlet_. Previous j Previous j Previous _Grade_2__| in Migration - Biis Year j Year JH-! Year j- Year j = Grade 2 303.0 2.5 2.5
'. ' . . . . - .
f (2) <D 1 ! Non-public Public School! School Enrollment Enrollment Grade 1 Grade 1 1 Previous Year] + Previous Year Jt 313.0 332.2 203.8 265.1 316.1 273.9 267.1 264.7 267.1 271.2 274.4 275.6 . ',:' 120.0 127.0 129.0 148.0 149.0 152.0 152.6 152.0 153.0 153.0 - 153.0 153.0 .
130.0 127.0 129.0 148.0 149.0 152.0 J 152.0 153.0 153.0 153.0 153^0 153.0
17-2 18.3 15.6 14.6 17.4 15.1 14.7 14.6 14.7 14.9 15.1 15.2
10.6 10.7 11.5 9.9 9.2 10.9 9.5 . 9.3 9.1 ^. 9.2 9.4 9.5
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 . 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 j
306.9 327.2 282.1 262.9 310.4 ' 272.2
2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
264.4
260.9 264.0 268.0 271.2 272.4
188
Column 3 - Table B-10 Column 4 - Table A-ll, Appendix A Column 5 - Computed from rates of Table B-ll Column 6 - Computed from rates of Table B-ll Column 7 - There are no dropouts at the grade 2 level. Dropout rates for grades 9-12 are found in Table B-12.
The tables used for estimating the "most probable" enrollments in grades 3-12, while not included in this report, are on file at the Englewood School Department. Also on file at
the School Department are the corresponding tables used in the "high" and "low" estimates and the estimates for various subsections of the City. Because all calculations involved in the
estimating procedure were done on a high-speed digital computer, it would be a relatively simple procedure to produce alternative estimates to those compiled by the Harvard staff. Any alternatives would simply be based upon different assumptions than those used in the "most probable, " "high, " and "low" estimates of this report.
Pre-Kindergarten And Kindergarten Enrollments
The procedure outlined in Tables B-13 and B-14 is used only for estimating enrollments in grades 1-12. Hence, the
189
explanation of methodology is not complete without considering ^ the procedure used in estimating enrollments in pre-kindergarten and kindergarten. Pre-Kindergarten As indicated in Table B-17, the present public school prekindergarten enrollment in Englewood is 153. The Harvard staff, -after consulting Englewood school officials, estimates that this enrollment will probably reach 275 by 1976, an increase of 122 over'the current enrollment. Most of this increase is not antici
pated until after 1970, when the pre-kindergarten is expected to become part of the regular elementary school program. The total increase has been-distributed to the various wards in a manner designed to reflect the individual ward percentages of the estimated kindergarten enrollment in 1976. The procedure results in the following distribution of the 122 additional prekindergarten students: Ward 1 Ward 2 '.'-. : i ' Ward 3 Ward 4 * TOTAL ' 122 53 39 10 20
REPRODUCED FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF
190
By adding these additional students to the present prekindergarten enrollment and using a process of interpolation for the intervening years, we arrive at the estimated pre-kindergarten enrollments of Table B-15. Table B-15 Estimated Public School Pro-Kindergarten Enrollment* 1964-1976
City-Wide 1964-65 1965-66 1966-67 1967i-60 1960-69 1969-70 1970-71 1971-72 1972-73 1974-74 1974-75 1975-76 1976-77
Ward 1
Ward 2
Ward 3
Ward 4
153 161 172

179 190 199 200 242
0 0
9 9 11 12 - '
28 29 31 32 34 35 37 42 44 45 46 47 48'
61 65 70 73 77 80 B4 99 102 106 110 112 114
56 59 62 .65 68 72 75 06 89 93 94 95 95
12 15 16 17 17 18 18
251 261 267 272 275
" ' * The, pre-kindergarten enrollments given in this table were used in all three of the basic estimates -- "most probable," "high," and "low."
Kindergarten After estimating grade 1 enrollments through 1976-77 in the manner outlined in-Table B-13, the kindergarten enrollment . . ' * for the same period was estimated by employing a grade 1-kindergarten ratio based on the experience of the past four years. The
termination of the kindergarten program at St. Cecilia Grammar School in September, 1964, was taken into account in arriving at this ratio. The effect of this discontinuance -of kindergarten
classes at St. Cecilia Grammar School upon public school kindergarten enrollments can be seen by examining Table II-1 of Chapter II. Notice should be taken of the large increase in public school
kindergarten enrollment in the 1964-65 school year. Using this survival method in reverse (the reverse idea comes from the fact that we start with grade 1 enrollment in year Y and work back to kindergarten enrollment in year Y-l rather than the usual kindergarten to grade 1 approach), the Harvard staff estimates that kindergarten enrollments will decrease over the next twelve years. The specific estimates for the City and individual wards are given in Table B-16. Having explained the procedure used in estimating prekindergarten and kindergarten enrollments, we complete the explanation of methodology. Summary tables for the "most probable, "
REPRODUCED FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CONGRE
192 Table B-16 Estimated Public School Kindergarten Enrollment 1964-1976 City-Wide 1964-65 1965-66 1966-67 1967-68 1968-69 1969-70 1970-71 ,. 1971-72 1972-73 1973-74 1974-75 1975-76 1976*77 372 339 315 300 326 311 306 309 314 318 310 312 309 Ward 1 31 29 24 22 16 16 10 17 16 18 22 24 24^ Ward 2 85 61 54 90 82. 05 81 79 76 72 64 52 51 Ward 3 159 156 149 169 139 120 117 120 120 132 136 140 135 Ward 4 97 93 88 99 09 90 90 93 94 96 96 96 f 99 . . .:
The figures in this table were used in all three of the basic estimates -- "most probable," "high," and "low."
"high, " and "low" city-wide estimates and fb'r the "most probable" estimates in each ward are found on the pages which follow.
j -i
J 1
Table B-17 "Most Probable" City-Wide Estimate Of Enrollment In The Englewood Public Schools, 1964-1976 School tear )64-65 J65-66366-67 967-68 960-69 969-70 .970-71 .971-72 L972-73 L973-74 1974-75 1975-76 1976-77
PK 153 161 172 V9 190 199
K 372 339 315 300 326 811
i
313 332 284 265 316 274 267 26* 267 271 274 276 273
2.
3.
6_
7_
9_
10
IX
Tota^ 3,958
303
303
200 302
296 304 323 203 264 309 270 269 267 269 273
300 201
304 257 304 325 2E3 268 310 279 270 268 270
290 302
282 303 298 304 323 283 265 308 278 269 267
299 271
273 257
281 299
271 273
253 284
305 278 297 265 290 280 297 313 276 274 316
291 258
289 310 283 301 269 293 291 300 315 280 278
279 289
254 284 304 278 297
241 267
274 241 270 290 266 (82 255 277 275 203 297
307 , 299
327 282 263 310 272 264 261 264 260 271 272 305 325 203 265 311 278 267 264 267 271 274
3,991 3,951
3,978 3,980 3,955 3,909 3,920 3,896
274 ; 257
277 277 294 255 241 283 254 245 273 277 2f7 194 56 241 283 254
'230 ' 306 2+2 309 314 318 310 312 309
- 268
291 <89 290 313 278
:5i
261 267 . 272 275
3,910
3,897 3,895
3,881
Table B-17 "Most Probable" City-Wide Estimate Bf Enrollment In The Englewood Public Schools, 1964-1976
PK 153 161 172 V9 ;90 199
K 372 339 315 SCO 326 611
i 313 332 284 265 316 274 267 26S 267 271 274 276 273
2_ 303
3 303
4 200 302 296 304 323 283 264 309 27C 269 267 269 273
5 300 201 304 2S7 304 325 2*3 268 310 279 270 268 270
6_ 290 302 282 303 298 304 323 283 265 308 278 269 267
7_ 299 271 273 257
8. 281 299 271 273

!
9 253 284 305 278 297 265 290 288 297 313 276 274 316
ID 291 250 289 310 283 301 269 293 291 300 315 280 278
1 1 279 289 254 284 304 278 297
12; 241 267 274 241 270 290 266 82 255 277 275 203 297
Total 3,958 3,991 3,951 3,978 3,900 3,955 3,909 .3,920 3,896 3.910 3,897 3,895 3,881
307 .327 282 263 310 272 264 261 264 263 271 272
299
305 325 203 265 311 270 267 264 267 271 274
274
277 277 294 255 241 283 254 245
257 273 277 2f7 294 56 241 283 254
*238 ' 306

2*2 51 261 309 314 318
- 268
291 C89 298 313 278
267 . 31C
272 275 312 309
c .;
: ' Table B-19 ' . . - ' . S School Year 1964-65 1965-66 1966-67 1967-60 ' 1960-59 1969-70 ^1970-71
1
"Low" City-Wide Estimate tf Enrollment I n T h e Englewood Public Schools 1964-1976
&.
153
5.
372
L 313 332 204 26* 316 274 267 265 267 271 274 276 273
2_ 303 304 325 280 260 300 2TO 262 250 261 265 269 270
I *03 296 00 320 270 260 306 273 262 259 262 266
4 280 299 291 297 316 27$ 256 302 270 262 259 262
5_ 300 279 299 90 295 316 273 2S9 300 269 261 250 261
1 290 300 270 297 209 292 311 272 254 297 267 258 255
L
299 269 270 *2 266 267 264 281 242 220 270 241 232
C_ 281 297 268 260 250 264 265 263 279 241 226 260 239
9_ 2fi3 282 302 274 291 257 279 275 201 297 260 250 300
10 291 256 286 306 277 293 259 201 277 203 . 290 262 260
^/
279 200 251 280 298 271 208 257 ,270 274
1 1 241 255 271 237 265 204 256 272 243 263
Total 3,950 3,967 3,912 3,925 . 3,917 3,071 3,000 3,013 ,776
...
' .
E
n
161-339 172 179 t90 K99 208 242 """fc-l ^ 315 SCO 326 311 306 309 314
1 J - I P "1
2
^^V*,j)\
.s
V>
1971^-%
"*~*Hj2-73
~W*~U^
1973-74 1974-75 1975-76 1976-77
^^siv&io
267 27 2 275 310 312 809
3,704 3,766 3,761 3,747

. 1 D
280 - 259 294 260 265 278 ,
269 ..266
Table B-20 S~ "Most Probable" Ward 1 Estimate Of Enrollment In The Englewood Public Schools 1964-1976
School : Year 1964-65 1965-66 1966-67 1967-63 1968-69 1969-70 1970-71 1371-72 1972-73 1073-74 1974-75 "1975-76 1976-77
PK 8 8 9 9 11 12 12 15 16 17 17 IB 13
K 31 29 2421 15
I
33 33 29 23 21 16 16 1C 17 16
2 33 32 33 29 24 21 17 16
3 42 31 32 32 29 24 22 . 20 17 19 18 17 19
4 39 43 30 33 33 29 25 23 21 20 22 22 21
5 40 39 43 30 32 34 29 >6 ' 23 2C 2C 2? 21
6_ 32 40 39 43 31 31 32 28 23 22 19 19 21
I
23 25 30 31 3219 20 22 18 15 , 14 U 10
8 15 23 25 30 31 32 19 20 22 18 15 13 11
9 14 12 19 21 27 27 29 16 17 19 16 14 12
10 23 15 13 20 22 28 28 30 17 18 20 17 15
11 23 25 16 14 21 23 30 30 32 20 21 23 19
12 18 23 24 16 14 21 22 2929 31 19"^ 20 22
Total
374 378 366 35? 344 333 319 310 286 270 256 259 257
ie if'
17 16 18 21 24 24
ia
17 1.6 1C 21
10
21 23
r
s-
;;.;<
Table B-21 "Most Probable" Ward 2 Estimate f Enrollment In The Englewmod Public Schools 1964-1976
<
School Year 1964-65 1965-66 1966-67 1967-68 196C-69 1969-70 1970-71 1971-72 1972-73 1973-74 1974-75 1975-76 1976-77
PK 28 29 31 32 34 35 37 42 44 45 46 47 48
1 55 61 43 39 66 60 '63 60 39 37 34 49 40
2 60 55 61 45 40 65 60 63 61 60 58 55 "50
3
60 58 54 59 45 41 63 60 63 61 60 60 55
4 58 62 59 56 61 47 43 65 61 65 63 61 59
5
62 59 63 60 56 62 47 46 66 63 66 64 63
6 46 63 60 63 61 57 62 47 44 66 63 66 64
7 62 36 50 47 50 47 43 48 34 34 56 53 56
8 50 63 37 51 48 50 46 44 49 35 35 56 54
9 57 55 68 45 58 51 58 52 56 60 47 56 77
10 75 59 57 69 46 . 59 52 59 54 57 63 48 57
11
12
*tal*
; es
61 34 90 82 85 81 79 76 72 64 52 51
58 75 59 37 68 47 60 54 61 55 58 63 50
57 57 73 57 55 67 46 58 _' 52 59. 33 56 61
813 793 769 770 i 11 ' 770 i' , '' 773 763 777 780 789 785
h-
' 8
FH
1 _.g
i 1 3
^5
D <j W
786 783
i
0
>;
'
i
tn
REPRODUCED FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF
THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
198
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SUMMARY OF ENGLEWOOD REPORT Center for Field Studies Harvard Graduate School of Education May, 1965
SUMMARY OF ENGLEWOOD REPORT
Englewood's experience in recent years is a dramatic example of the pressures being placed upon public education. Events of national
significance such as the rapid growth of population in urban centers, the expansion of segregated residential patterns, and the increased specialization of our occupational structure have encouraged changes in traditional approaches to education. The Englewood schools have clearly gone beyond conventional patterns to seek new resources and means in dealing with educational problems. The use of federal funds and foundation grants to
support experimental and special education projects, innovative programs in pre-school education and team teaching, and university resources to aid in planning are representative of Englewood's effort to meet the challenge of a modern educational program. In order to take an objective look at past events and to establish guidelines for future improvement and extension of educational opportunity, the Englewood School Board asked the Center for Field Studies at Harvard University to study certain aspects of its school system and to suggest future directions for change. The primary task requested of the Harvard
staff was to test the Board's tentative plans for school organization against a careful examination of Englewood's present and projected school enrollment. Of secondary importance was a testing of the school system's
- 2plans for curriculum, personnel, facilities, and finance. This report summarizes the results of the Harvard study. The intent is to highlight the major suggestions and recommendations contained in a more comprehensive report which has been presented to members of the Englewood Board of Education. Most of these suggestions and recom-
mendations relate to Harvard's proposed plan of school organization in Englewood. For organizational reasons, the summary has been divided The first part summarizes the results of a detailed
into two basic parts.
analysis of school enrollments in Englewood and the second outlines the recommended form of school organization.
PART I ANALYSIS OF SCHOOL ENROLLMENTS
Realistic solutions to a community's educational needs depend upon a careful examination of present and future school enrollments. Using a school census of October 1, 1964, population data recorded in the I960 United States Census reports, and School Department records, the Harvard staff examined the size and composition of present enrollments and made "most probable," "high," and "low" estimates of the size of future public school enrollments in Englewood. A multivariable approach which accounts for recent trends in such key variables as births, net migration, non-public school enrollment, dropouts, and grade retention was used for all three estimates.
Present Enrollments The total enrollment in the Englewood Public Schools on October 1, 1964, was 3, 973. This total enrollment includes fifteen non-resident students and represents an increase of 284 over the previous year. Most of this increase is attributed to the introduction of a city-wide pre-kindergarten program at Lincoln School and the termination of kindergarten classes at St. Cecilia Grammar School. The location of the various public schools is shown on Map 1 and a summary of the enrollments by school and race is shown in Table 1.
MAP 1
Englewood Public Schools 1964-65
Quarles * Cleveland *
Dwight Morrow \d Junior High

\
\y
Engle Street
t>
Lincoln
\l
Roosevelt
o
Grade Organization Lincoln Cleveland Liberty Quarles Roosevelt Engle Street Junior High Dwight Morrow PK K-5 K-5 K-5 K-5 6 7-9 10-12
- 5-
Table 1 Englewood Public School Enrollment By School And Race, October 1, 1964 Total Enrollment 175a 667 457b 347 404 283 830 810 3,973 Percent of Negro Enrollment 46.3 37.6 67.6 17.0 38.6 41.7 43.7 40. 1 41.8
School Lincoln (PK) Cleveland (K-5) Liberty (K-5) Quarles (K-5) Roosevelt (K-5) Engle Street (6) Junior High (7-9) Senior High (10-12) TOTAL
Included in this figure are 23 special students, several of whom are non-resident students attending on a tuition basis. Included in this figure are 27 students enrolled in classes for educable and neurologically impaired students. The school census of October 1, 1964, indicates a resident nonpublic school enrollment of 1,430 in grades K-12. On comparing this
figure with the K-12 resident public school enrollment, we find that 27. 3 percent of Englewood1 s resident enrollment attend non-public schools. The comparable figure for the 1961-62 school year was 25.9 percent. The proportion of public and non-public school students in various parts of Englewood is shown in Map 2. The area with the largest percent of non-
public school enrollment is located in Ward 1.
MAP 2
Non-Fublic School Enrollment As Percent Of Total Enrollment* October 1, 1964
Ward 3
* * * * * * * * * * *l* * * \* ***********/** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *\ Ward 1
**************' * * * * * * * * *./* * * * * ************** A* * * \* ,~\ * *\ * * **\< ,\** * * *V **

f
.',*** *\ * * * V .lv* * * * _*_*_* t "^T* * *~*~i

* * * ** * * * * *
* * * *y' * * * * I, * * * *r
Ward 4
\ ********** \* \* \*********** j*********** '***********
Percent Range 0-20 21 - 40 41 - 60 Ward 2 61 - 100

All percents are based on PK-12 enrollments.
- 7-
Estimates of Future Public School Enrollment Because of the uncertainties of future growth in Englewood, three different estimates -- a "high, " "low, " and "most probable" -- have been prepared. Only the "most probable" estimate is considered in this sum-
mary report. As indicated in Table 2, an overall loss of approximately
Table 2 Comparison Of Present And "Most Probable" Estimate Of Future Resident Public School Enrollment In Englewood
School Year Grade Levels PK-3 4-8 9-12 TOTAL 75 students is expected by 1976. 1964-65 1,444 1,450 1,064 3,958 1970-71 1,364 1,424 1, 121 3,909 1976-77 1,403 1,309 1,169 3, 881
This expected loss is concentrated in
the elementary grades and is due to planned private and parochial school expansion and the declining rate of residential construction in Englewood. This "most probable" estimate of public school enrollment has been used in establishing space needs for the recommended school building program of Part II.
P A R T II RECOMMENDED FORM OF SCHOOL ORGANIZATION
The primary task requested of the Center for Field Studies was to test the Board's tentative plans for school organization and to suggest possible modifications. This aspect of the study became somewhat more
complicated last fall when the Board of Education was unable to obtain the Creche site for future school expansion. This site was of crucial
importance in the Board's tentative plan to convert Roosevelt School to an elementary center for grades PK-5. The most important factors in judging alternative plans of organization were educational program, the condition and possible future uses of various school buildings, the size and racial composition of enrollments, and the financial ability of the community. After testing several patterns of school organization against criteria in each of these general areas, the study staff decided on a plan that calls for three elementary centers for grades PK-3 (at the Cleveland, Quarles, and Roosevelt Schools), two middle schools for grades 4-8 (one at the present junior high school and the other to be constructed on or adjacent to Allison Park), and, finally, the expansion of the Dwight Morrow High School to include grades 9-12. This plan assumes that the Allison Park site can be acquired for
school use; however, because of the possibility that certain legal problems might develop over its acquisition, the Harvard staff has prepared an
- 9-
alternative or backup plan.
This second part of the summary report
presents the major components of the recommended plan of school organization and outlines its educational advantages for the City of Englewood. The Building Program and Suggested Districting Patterns Implementation of the proposed PK-3, 4-8, 9-12 form of school organization will require a series of construction and remodeling projects. Specifically, the proposed building program is divided into three phases as follows: Phase 1 (1965-67) 1. Remodel and add 450 pupil spaces at Dwight Morrow High School to accommodate 1, 175 students in grades 9-12. 2. Move grade 6 to the present junior high school building and abandon both Engle St. and Franklin Schools. (If crowded conditions in the four elementary schools persist, Engle St. could be used until the end of Phase 2. The entire Engle St. site should be sold as soon as possible. ) Phase 2 (1968-69) 1. Build a new 625-pupil middle school in Allison Park to house grades 4-8. (This school should be designed to accommodate considerable team teaching. A minimum site size of 25 acres is suggested. Additional acreage would, of course, provide greater flexibility for longrange growth and consolidation of school enrollments.)
i The backup plan calls for three elementary centers for grades PK-4, a single middle school for grades 5-8, and a senior high school for grades 9-12. Although this alternative organizational pattern does not provide the long-range flexibility of the recommended plan, it is a worthy alternative if all efforts to obtain additional property on or adjacent to Allison Park fail.
- 10 -
2. Convert the present junior high school to a middle school for grades 4-8. 3. Abandon Liberty School and dispose of the property by sale. 4. Begin using Cleveland, Quarles, and Roosevelt as K-3 elementary centers. (Quarles can probably be used to house at least part of the special education program at this point.)
Phase 3 (1970-71) 1. Remodel Cleveland for use as a PK-3 elementary center. (A limited number of PK and K classrooms may have to be added, preferably in separate units.) 2. Remodel part of the Lincoln School and expand the site for use as an instructional materials center, a community recreation center, or a day-care center. (Federal funds can probably be used to offset part of the cost of this work.) School Organization Following Phase 3 Cleveland Quarles Roosevelt Allison Park Present Junior High School Dwight Morrow High School PK-3 PK-3 PK-3 4-8 4-8 9-12
The building plan as outlined above provides three elementary centers, two middle schools, and a single four-year high school. The
recommended districting patterns for the three elementary centers and the two middle schools are shown on Maps 3 and 4.
MAP
Suggested Districts For Three Elementary Centers
\
Cleveland \ o \s
\t

1965 Newspaper Clippings School Desegregation Part 2

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REPRODUCED FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

School Cleveland Queries Roosevelt

643 355 446

Both free-standing and attached With

additions are possible at each of the three elementary centers.

REPRODUCED FROM TIE COLLECTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, 1JBRARY OF CONGRESS

Table Vl-4 Estimated Enrollments In The Two 4-8 Middle Schools

Allison Park Junior High School

REPRODUCED FROM TOE COIISCTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

upon both public and non-public school officials to work together

REPRODUCED FRCM THE COLLECTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

REPRODUCED FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

some consideration of cost.

While precise cost estimates must

REPRODUCED- FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

REPRODUCED FROM THE COLLECTIONS or THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CONGREL;:

REPRODUCED FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CONGRES^

TOTAL COST OF BUILDING PROGRAM (excluding sale or purchase of land)

REPRODUCED FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION,. LIBRARY OF CONGRES^

will in no way threaten this sound financial position.

PRODUCED FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

This lends support to the view that

REPRODUCED FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF Tin : MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CONGRE5

Phase III $325,000

Total $3,855,000 133,650 130.680

1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990

REPRODUCED FROM THE COIiBCTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

School District East Rutherford

Englewood Cliffs 'Fair lawn Fort Lee .Glen Rock

REPRODUCED -FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

of the community. - ;T '-I*. '

Not only does it represent the best in terms .'_'*'

REPRODUCED FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

REPRODUCED FROM THE COIiECTICNS OF TIE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CCNGRESL

REPRODUCED FR34 THE COIXBOTCNS OF THE MHNUSCRIFT DIVISION, UBRARS? OF CCNGRESS

REPRODUCED FROM THE COIiECTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS -

- 142 own revisions thereof to the local citizenry. The achievement

REPRODUCED FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

York Times, November 16, 1964.

York Times. December 8, 1964.

Its People and Its Schools, p. 8.

REPRODUCED FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY-OF CONGRESS

18See note 16,

$ 37,000 $ 50, 000

4.5 5.9 2.5 2.8

4.0 7.8 3.1 2.2

4.0 8.1 3.3 3.1

5.9 3.1 3.9

6.4 5.3 26.6 26.8 10.8

U.S. Census Reports

Table A-2 I/" Age Profile Of Englewood Population By.Ward

1950 3.8 11.8 5.6 6.7 32.8 25.2 8.9 100. 0

1960 8.0 15.9 6.4 5.3 26.6 26.8 10.8 100.0

Total Number of Families 7,213 6,933 8,206 443,681 38,607 6i632

Bergen County New Jersey United - States - .

210,529 1,581,189 -457128,393

7,611 103,311 5,886,481

Source: U.S. Census Reports

1950 15.1 16.3 22.2 9.1 10.6 10.0 6.4 9.6 .8

Service Workers Laborers " Not Reported "

Table A-5 Boundaries Of Census Areas

Table A-5 (continued)

Table A -6 S" School ncoln