1

.1 ) (.
x | a :1 . x | gcd(a, b) x | b
: . gcd(a, b) = an + bm x | a x | b x | an + bm
). x | gcd(a, b
:2 a | b ) b | a ( , ) a = b .( a = b
a | b : n b | a . b = na m . a = mb
nm = 1 b = nmb
n = m = 1 a = b . a = b
.
". gcd(a, b, c) = gcd(gcd(a, b), c) :
. x | a . gcd(a, b, c) = x ) x | gcd(a, b) x | b .(1
x | c . x | gcd(gcd(a , b), c ) 1
). gcd(a, b, c) | gcd(gcd(a, b ), c
gcd(gcd(a, b), c) | c . ) gcd(a , b) | a . gcd(gcd(a, b), c) | gcd(a, b
gcd(a, b) | b gcd(gcd(a, b), c) | a ) gcd(gcd(a, b), c) | b a | b
( ." ) gcd(gcd(a , b), c a, b, c 1
) ( ). gcd(gcd(a, b), c) | gcd(a, b, c
- - )) gcd(a, b, c) = gcd(gcd(a, b), c 2 gcd
(.
)) , gcd(a, b, c) = gcd(a, gcd(b, c" .

.2 . gcd(b, m) = bx2 + my2 , gcd(a, m) = ax1 + my1

gcd( a, m) gcd(b, m) = ( ax1 + my1 )(bx2 + my2 ) = abx1 x2 + max1 y2 + mby1 x2 + m 2 y1 y2
m ab , ). gcd(ab, m

. x = 88 + 290k , y = 33 109k k Z .3

d = 1, r = 731 + 1894k , s = 1440 3731k .4 . k Z

.5
5 = 16 6 13 7 .
. c . gcd(a, b) | c
.6 n = p1 p2 pk pi .
. pi > n 1 i k
. n = p1 p2 pk > n n p3 pk = n p3 pk n" . n > n!
.7. 2021 = 43 47 .