PLANT GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT

PREPARED BY S RATH PGT BIO K V III BBSR http://students-learn.blogspot.com

PLANT GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT-CLASS XI BIOLOGY

Characteristics of plant growth

Indeterminate Meristem at certain regions causes growth Open form of growth Apical meristems cause primary growth, elongation Lateral meristems increase the girth of organs.

PLANT GROWTH & DEVELOPMENTCLASS XI BIOLOGY

ZONES OF GROWTH

PLANT GROWTH & DEVELOPMENTCLASS XI BIOLOGY

ZONES OF GROWTH (Anatomy)

PLANT GROWTH & DEVELOPMENTCLASS XI BIOLOGY

GROWTH CURVE

PLANT GROWTH & DEVELOPMENTCLASS XI BIOLOGY

Conditions for growth

Nutrients Water Oxygen Temperature Light Mineral elements

PLANT GROWTH & DEVELOPMENTCLASS XI BIOLOGY

Plant growth regulators (PGRs)

Small and simple molecules Secreted minute quantities Influence physiological function of plants diverse chemical composition- (i) indol compound IAA (ii) adenine derivative kinetin (iii derivatives of carotenoids -ABA (iv) terpenes -GA (v) gases-ethylene

PLANT GROWTH & DEVELOPMENTCLASS XI BIOLOGY

Auxin

Control growth of plants Control cell division & differentiations Apical dominance Prevent formation of abscission layer, so prevent premature leaves, fruits drop. 2,4-D- weedicide

PLANT GROWTH & DEVELOPMENTCLASS XI BIOLOGY

Gibberellins (GA)

Cause elongation of internodes Promote bolting in rosette plants Synthesise Hydrolases to digest and mobilise reserve food of seed to developing embryo. Delay senescence. Increase length of internode in sugarcane.

PLANT GROWTH & DEVELOPMENTCLASS XI BIOLOGY

Cytokinin

Growth in lateral buds into branches Overcome apical dominance promote adventitious shoot formation Produce new leaves and chloroplasts in leaves Promote nutrient metabolism Delay senescence

PLANT GROWTH & DEVELOPMENTCLASS XI BIOLOGY

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Abscisic acid

Induce seed dormancy due to which seed can withstand desiccation & unfavorable condition. Stimulate closure of stomata. Increase tolerance of plants to various stresses. (stress hormone) Stimulate formation of abscission layer & abscission of leaves, fruits etc..

PLANT GROWTH & DEVELOPMENTCLASS XI BIOLOGY

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Ethylene

Promote horizontal growth of seedlings & swelling of axis. Induce apical hook formation in dicot seedlings. Promote senescence and abscission of leaves, fruits and flowers. Promote root growth and root hair formation ,increase water absorption. Help in rapid growth of internode and petioles of deep water rice plants to help leaves above water level.

PLANT GROWTH & DEVELOPMENTCLASS XI BIOLOGY

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Photoperiodism
plants

Long day Radish sugar beet

Short day Tobacco, chrysanthemum

Day neutral Tomato , cotton cucumber

PLANT GROWTH & DEVELOPMENTCLASS XI BIOLOGY

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Vernalisation

Response of plants to low temperature qualitatively or quantitatively is called vernalisation.

PLANT GROWTH & DEVELOPMENTCLASS XI BIOLOGY

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