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September 21, 2012

UNINSURED RATE FELL OR HELD STEADY IN

ALMOST EVERY STATE LAST YEAR, NEW
CENSUS DATA SHOW
By Matt Broaddus and Edwin Park

The share of residents without health coverage fell in 20 states last year, Census data released
yesterday show, while rising in just one. This improvement largely reflect increased private coverage
among young adults helped by a health reform provision allowing them to stay on their parents
insurance plans until age 26 and greater enrollment in public programs such as Medicaid and the
Childrens Health Insurance Program (CHIP).
These findings are consistent with last weeks Census data from the Current Population Survey
(CPS), which indicated that the number of uninsured Americans fell by 1.3 million in 2011 and the
share of Americans without health insurance fell from 16.3 percent to 15.7 percent, the largest
single-year drop since 1999.1 Yesterdays data come from a different Census Bureau survey the
American Community Survey (ACS) that allow for more detailed analysis of health insurance
coverage changes at the state level than the CPS data, which have inadequate sample sizes in some
states.
The ACS data show that a substantial number of states made progress in reducing the number of
people without health insurance coverage.

In 18 states, the number of residents without health insurance coverage fell. As noted, the
percentage of the population without health insurance coverage fell in 20 states.
In 34 states, the percentage of 18- to 24-year-olds with private coverage increased; the number
of residents in this age group with private coverage increased in 35 states.
In 34 states, the number of residents enrolled in Medicaid increased.

For states that did not see a reduction in the uninsured rate, it appears that the gains in private
coverage among young adults and/or the increases in public program enrollment were only able to
offset rather than more than offset the continued overall erosion of employer-sponsored
insurance. In Missouri, the only state whose uninsured rate rose in 2011, the gain in private
Matt Broaddus and Edwin Park, Number of Uninsured Fell in 2011, Largely Due to Health Reform and Public
Programs, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, September 13, 2012.
1

coverage among young adults was not enough to offset the decline in private coverage among adults
aged 25 to 64 while Medicaid and CHIP enrollment remained steady.
Uninsured Rate Fell in 20 States, Due to Health Reform and Public Programs
The ACS data are consistent with the earlier Census data from the CPS. (Under the ACS data, the
number of uninsured Americans decreased by roughly 830,000 and the percentage without health
insurance coverage fell from 15.5 percent in 2010 to 15.1 percent in 2011.) The ACS data also show
that the reduction in 2011 in the share of people without insurance coverage occurred across a
diverse set of states. The uninsured rate declined significantly in 20 states and remained flat in 30
states. (Tables 1 and 2 show the changes in the percentage and number, respectively, of uninsured
individuals and children under 18 in each state.)
The state-level ACS data confirm that a key contributor to these coverage gains was a substantial
rise in health coverage among young adults, which largely reflected a health reform provision
enabling adult children to get coverage through their parents health insurance plans until their 26th
birthday. This provision marked a significant shift from prior rules, under which young adults
typically were no longer eligible for their parents health plans once they turned 19 or graduated
from college.
The young adult provision took effect in September 2010, so 2011 represented the first full year
that it affected health insurance coverage rates. In 34 states, the rate of private coverage among
young adults aged 18 to 24 increased; at the same time, the rate of private coverage among adults
aged 25 to 64 fell in most states.
In 21 states, the increase in private coverage among young adults entirely offset the continuing
erosion in private coverage among other non-elderly adults. Table 3 shows the change between
2010 and 2011 in private coverage rates in each state for young adults, adults aged 25 to 64, and all
non-elderly adults (aged 18 to 64).
The ACS data also show that enrollment increases in public programs, particularly Medicaid and
CHIP, contributed to the coverage gains across the states. Federal policies, including a temporary
increase in Medicaid funding for states through June 2011 (which policymakers included in the 2009
Recovery Act and later extended) and health reforms requirement that states maintain their
Medicaid and CHIP eligibility levels and enrollment procedures, likely enabled these programs to
cover more low-income people during the slow economic recovery. Medicaid and CHIP enrollment
tends to continue rising for a few years after the end of a recession. Table 4 shows the change in the
Medicaid coverage rate in each state for all individuals and children under 18.
States will have an opportunity to make substantially greater progress in covering uninsured lowincome adults starting in 2014, when the health reform provisions enabling them to extend Medicaid
to nearly all individuals up to 133 percent of the poverty line take effect. The recent Supreme Court
decision gives states the choice of whether or not to institute that expansion. Some 30 million
people who would otherwise be uninsured will gain coverage under health reform by 2022, the
Congressional Budget Office estimates, with 11 million people gaining Medicaid coverage. The

gains in insurance coverage will be even greater if all or nearly all states adopt the Medicaid
expansion.

Table 1

Percentage of People Without Insurance Declined in Many States in 2011

ALL INDIVIDUALS

CHILDREN UNDER 18

% Point
% Point
2010
2011
Change
Change
NATION
15.5%
15.1%
-0.4% *
8.0%
7.5%
-0.5%
Alabama
14.6%
14.3%
-0.3%
5.9%
5.3%
-0.6%
Alaska
19.9%
20.1%
0.2%
12.2%
11.8%
-0.4%
Arizona
16.9%
17.2%
0.3%
12.8%
12.9%
0.1%
Arkansas
17.5%
17.1%
-0.4%
6.6%
5.6%
-1.0%
California
18.5%
18.1%
-0.4% *
9.0%
8.0%
-1.0%
Colorado
15.9%
15.1%
-0.8% *
10.1%
9.4%
-0.7%
Connecticut
9.1%
8.8%
-0.3%
3.0%
2.9%
-0.1%
Delaware
9.7%
9.4%
-0.3%
5.3%
4.6%
-0.7%
DC
7.6%
6.9%
-0.7%
2.3%
3.9%
1.6%
Florida
21.3%
20.9%
-0.4% *
12.7%
11.9%
-0.8%
Georgia
19.7%
19.6%
-0.1%
9.8%
9.5%
-0.3%
Hawaii
7.9%
7.1%
-0.8% *
3.7%
3.6%
-0.1%
Idaho
17.7%
16.5%
-1.2% *
10.5%
9.1%
-1.4%
Illinois
13.8%
13.1%
-0.7% *
4.5%
3.7%
-0.8%
Indiana
14.8%
14.5%
-0.3%
8.9%
8.1%
-0.8%
Iowa
9.3%
8.9%
-0.4%
4.0%
4.4%
0.4%
Kansas
13.9%
12.6%
-1.3% *
8.2%
6.4%
-1.8%
Kentucky
15.3%
14.4%
-0.9% *
6.0%
6.1%
0.1%
Louisiana
17.8%
17.5%
-0.3%
5.5%
5.8%
0.3%
Maine
10.1%
10.7%
0.6%
4.0%
5.2%
1.2%
Maryland
11.3%
10.4%
-0.9% *
4.8%
4.6%
-0.2%
Massachusetts
4.4%
4.3%
-0.1%
1.5%
1.7%
0.2%
Michigan
12.4%
11.8%
-0.6% *
4.1%
4.1%
0.0%
Minnesota
9.1%
8.8%
-0.3%
6.6%
6.3%
-0.3%
Mississippi
18.2%
17.7%
-0.5%
8.4%
8.1%
-0.3%
Missouri
13.2%
13.7%
0.5% *
6.2%
6.7%
0.5%
Montana
17.3%
17.8%
0.5%
12.4%
11.5%
-0.9%
Nebraska
11.5%
11.4%
-0.1%
5.6%
5.9%
0.3%
Nevada
22.6%
21.9%
-0.7%
17.4%
16.2%
-1.2%
New Hampshire
11.1%
10.5%
-0.6%
4.8%
3.7%
-1.1%
New Jersey
13.2%
13.1%
-0.1%
6.0%
5.2%
-0.8%
New Mexico
19.6%
19.8%
0.2%
10.2%
9.2%
-1.0%
New York
11.9%
11.4%
-0.5% *
4.8%
4.2%
-0.6%
North Carolina
16.8%
16.3%
-0.5% *
7.7%
7.6%
-0.1%
North Dakota
9.8%
9.8%
0.0%
6.5%
6.4%
-0.1%
Ohio
12.3%
11.9%
-0.4% *
6.0%
5.8%
-0.2%
Oklahoma
18.9%
18.7%
-0.2%
10.0%
10.6%
0.6%
Oregon
17.1%
15.7%
-1.4% *
8.8%
7.3%
-1.5%
Pennsylvania
10.2%
10.1%
-0.1%
5.2%
5.4%
0.2%
Rhode Island
12.2%
10.8%
-1.4% *
5.3%
4.0%
-1.3%
South Carolina
17.5%
16.7%
-0.8% *
9.4%
8.4%
-1.0%
South Dakota
12.4%
11.9%
-0.5%
8.3%
6.0%
-2.3%
Tennessee
14.4%
14.6%
0.2%
5.3%
5.7%
0.4%
Texas
23.7%
23.0%
-0.7% *
14.5%
13.2%
-1.3%
Utah
15.3%
15.3%
0.0%
10.9%
11.1%
0.2%
Vermont
8.0%
6.6%
-1.4% *
2.0%
2.4%
0.4%
Virginia
13.1%
12.5%
-0.6% *
6.6%
5.9%
-0.7%
Washington
14.2%
14.2%
0.0%
6.4%
6.2%
-0.2%
West Virginia
14.6%
14.9%
0.3%
4.5%
4.4%
-0.1%
Wisconsin
9.4%
9.0%
-0.4% *
5.0%
4.4%
-0.6%
Wyoming
14.9%
15.4%
0.5%
7.9%
8.6%
0.7%
Source: CBPP analysis of Census Bureau data from the American Community Survey. * indicates the change is
statistically significant at 90 percent confidence.
STATE

2010

2011

*
*

*
*
*
*

*
*

*
*
*
*

Table 2
Number of Uninsured People Declined in Many States in 2011
ALL INDIVIDUALS
STATE

2010

2011

CHILDREN UNDER 18
Change

2010

2011

Change

NATION
47,208,222
46,375,539
-832,683 *
5,918,388
5,527,657
-390,731
Alabama
686,592
673,964
-12,628
66,958
59,061
-7,897
Alaska
136,840
140,660
3,820
22,843
22,109
-734
Arizona
1,065,132
1,095,010
29,878
207,967
208,419
452
Arkansas
500,613
492,310
-8,303
46,495
39,950
-6,545
California
6,824,913
6,725,604
-99,309 *
832,752
744,797
-87,955
Colorado
789,109
759,619
-29,490 *
124,128
115,726
-8,402
Connecticut
320,133
308,945
-11,188
24,144
23,377
-767
Delaware
85,801
83,995
-1,806
11,012
9,379
-1,633
DC
45,164
42,007
-3,157
2,309
4,133
1,824
Florida
3,941,060
3,911,381
-29,679
506,934
475,112
-31,822
Georgia
1,875,566
1,882,758
7,192
244,004
236,568
-7,436
Hawaii
103,764
94,399
-9,365 *
11,116
10,980
-136
Idaho
275,404
259,094
-16,310 *
45,004
38,968
-6,036
Illinois
1,745,556
1,659,275
-86,281 *
140,105
113,311
-26,794
Indiana
947,920
930,829
-17,091
142,672
128,725
-13,947
Iowa
279,811
269,490
-10,321
29,046
31,741
2,695
Kansas
389,446
354,630
-34,816 *
59,783
46,345
-13,438
Kentucky
647,041
618,458
-28,583 *
61,180
62,444
1,264
Louisiana
790,987
784,015
-6,972
61,718
64,635
2,917
Maine
133,065
140,165
7,100
10,935
14,165
3,230
Maryland
640,861
598,444
-42,417 *
64,298
61,486
-2,812
Massachusetts
285,717
276,940
-8,777
21,682
24,099
2,417
Michigan
1,207,384
1,149,911
-57,473 *
95,103
93,810
-1,293
Minnesota
476,259
467,443
-8,816
84,165
79,824
-4,341
Mississippi
528,095
516,413
-11,682
63,502
60,983
-2,519
Missouri
773,894
807,414
33,520 *
88,145
94,934
6,789
Montana
168,981
179,575
10,594 *
27,558
25,562
-1,996
Nebraska
207,653
207,094
-559
25,734
26,892
1,158
Nevada
603,700
588,794
-14,906
115,339
107,404
-7,935
New Hampshire
145,013
136,922
-8,091
13,679
10,192
-3,487
New Jersey
1,151,158
1,139,104
-12,054
123,456
105,165
-18,291
New Mexico
398,558
406,184
7,626
52,891
47,469
-5,422
New York
2,277,382
2,195,349
-82,033 *
208,461
180,834
-27,627
North Carolina
1,569,837
1,544,907
-24,930
176,700
174,572
-2,128
North Dakota
64,535
65,448
913
9,703
9,615
-88
Ohio
1,398,943
1,354,431
-44,512 *
161,954
157,202
-4,752
Oklahoma
693,551
693,545
-6
92,521
99,384
6,863
Oregon
651,504
602,377
-49,127 *
75,751
62,887
-12,864
Pennsylvania
1,271,180
1,264,548
-6,632
144,184
149,227
5,043
Rhode Island
126,184
111,834
-14,350 *
12,490
8,672
-3,818
South Carolina
795,275
766,304
-28,971 *
101,857
91,191
-10,666
South Dakota
98,886
95,908
-2,978
16,695
12,039
-4,656
Tennessee
898,561
922,650
24,089
79,244
84,927
5,683
Texas
5,875,474
5,789,846
-85,628 *
996,493
916,522
-79,971
Utah
421,924
426,064
4,140
94,691
97,242
2,551
Vermont
49,880
41,209
-8,671 *
2,627
3,019
392
Virginia
1,020,130
982,861
-37,269 *
121,380
108,483
-12,897
Washington
945,589
952,630
7,041
101,614
97,208
-4,406
West Virginia
266,161
272,287
6,126
17,518
16,994
-524
Wisconsin
529,200
506,674
-22,526 *
67,110
58,236
-8,874
Wyoming
82,836
85,831
2,995
10,768
11,638
870
Source: CBPP analysis of Census Bureau data from the American Community Survey. * indicates the change is
statistically significant at 90 percent confidence.

*
*
*
*

*
*

*
*
*
*
*
*
*

Table 3

In Most States. Private Coverage Rates Increased Only Among Young Adults
18 to 24 Year Olds
STATE
NATION
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
DC
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

2010

2011

% Point
Change

25 to 64 Year Olds
2010

2011

% Point
Change

18 to 64 Year Olds
2010

2011

% Point
Change

3.6%
* 69.9%
-0.8%
* 68.0%
-0.1%
58.0%
61.6%
69.2%
68.0%
* 70.0%
* 68.3%
4.1%
-1.0%
-0.2%
59.7%
63.9%
69.0%
68.2%
52.0%
54.3%
2.3%
68.9%
67.3%
-1.6%
66.4%
65.3%
-1.1%
* 62.4%
2.3%
-1.6%
-1.0%
48.9%
51.2%
65.0%
63.4%
61.4%
3.9%
-0.9%
-0.1%
* 64.7%
50.9%
54.9%
63.8%
62.5%
62.4%
3.0%
-0.8%
-0.1%
* 65.6%
* 63.4%
52.5%
55.4%
64.8%
63.3%
* 73.4%
3.5%
-0.3%
0.3%
62.2%
65.8%
73.1%
71.7%
72.0%
* 76.0%
1.1%
-0.9%
-0.6%
69.1%
70.2%
77.1%
76.2%
75.4%
65.3%
69.9%
4.6%
74.6%
73.6%
-1.0%
73.0%
73.0%
-0.1%
72.3%
73.3%
1.0%
73.7%
74.3%
0.5%
73.4%
74.1%
0.6%
2.5%
* 62.3%
-0.7%
* 60.5%
-0.2%
50.5%
52.9%
61.6%
60.3%
* 67.4%
* 65.1%
4.1%
-1.5%
-0.6%
53.1%
57.2%
65.9%
64.5%
69.1%
72.7%
3.6%
81.4%
80.4%
-1.0%
79.7%
79.4%
-0.3%
59.9%
63.6%
3.7%
70.2%
69.8%
-0.4%
68.5%
68.8%
0.3%
3.5%
* 71.6%
-0.5%
* 70.0%
0.1%
61.1%
64.7%
71.1%
70.1%
5.2%
* 72.0%
-0.7%
* 70.2%
0.2%
60.9%
66.1%
71.3%
70.5%
* 79.2%
7.0%
-0.2%
1.0%
68.1%
75.1%
79.0%
77.4%
78.4%
* 76.2%
5.5%
0.2%
1.1%
67.1%
72.5%
76.4%
74.7%
75.8%
5.7%
* 67.2%
0.5%
1.3%
55.7%
61.4%
67.8%
65.5%
66.8%
4.2%
* 64.3%
-0.6%
0.2%
51.0%
55.2%
63.7%
62.1%
62.3%
* 68.0%
2.3%
-1.2%
-0.7%
60.9%
63.2%
69.2%
67.9%
67.3%
* 78.3%
* 76.3%
6.6%
-0.9%
0.2%
65.3%
71.8%
77.4%
76.6%
* 78.3%
0.7%
-0.9%
-0.7%
74.5%
75.2%
79.1%
78.1%
77.7%
5.3%
* 71.1%
-0.6%
* 69.0%
0.3%
57.5%
62.8%
70.5%
69.3%
2.7%
* 79.4%
-0.9%
* 77.6%
-0.4%
67.6%
70.3%
78.4%
77.2%
* 63.2%
5.4%
-0.9%
0.2%
48.8%
54.2%
62.4%
60.8%
61.0%
* 72.9%
* 71.4%
2.5%
-0.9%
-0.4%
63.5%
66.0%
72.0%
71.1%
-1.1%
-2.6%
* 69.2%
-2.4%
63.9%
62.7%
70.2%
67.6%
66.8%
5.3%
* 78.6%
-0.8%
* 76.9%
0.2%
68.3%
73.6%
77.7%
77.1%
* 67.1%
5.0%
-0.9%
0.0%
51.0%
56.0%
66.2%
64.8%
64.7%
* 78.9%
6.2%
-0.5%
0.4%
71.5%
77.7%
78.4%
77.8%
78.3%
4.2%
* 74.9%
-0.9%
* 73.4%
-0.2%
63.4%
67.5%
74.0%
73.1%
-2.5%
-1.0%
-1.3%
47.9%
45.4%
60.8%
59.8%
58.7%
57.4%
* 69.9%
* 67.9%
4.5%
-1.2%
-0.3%
57.8%
62.4%
68.7%
67.7%
* 68.3%
* 66.5%
4.0%
-0.6%
0.1%
56.5%
60.6%
67.7%
66.6%
76.5%
75.5%
-1.1%
82.2%
81.8%
-0.4%
81.1%
80.6%
-0.5%
4.6%
* 73.0%
-0.7%
* 71.3%
0.1%
61.4%
66.0%
72.3%
71.3%
53.6%
56.5%
2.9%
66.5%
66.0%
-0.5%
64.4%
64.5%
0.0%
* 68.9%
4.8%
-0.5%
0.3%
56.7%
61.5%
68.4%
67.1%
67.4%
* 76.8%
* 75.1%
3.9%
-1.2%
-0.4%
65.8%
69.7%
75.6%
74.7%
2.9%
1.5%
* 72.2%
1.7%
66.6%
69.5%
73.4%
74.9%
73.9%
5.3%
* 66.9%
-0.6%
0.4%
54.7%
60.0%
66.3%
64.9%
65.3%
69.0%
68.7%
-0.3%
77.7%
76.9%
-0.8%
76.2%
75.5%
-0.7%
* 68.4%
* 66.4%
4.2%
-1.2%
-0.3%
55.5%
59.7%
67.2%
66.1%
* 63.0%
* 60.7%
3.4%
-0.4%
0.2%
49.0%
52.5%
62.7%
61.0%
3.5%
* 74.7%
-0.5%
0.3%
70.0%
73.5%
74.2%
73.8%
74.1%
7.2%
* 71.0%
1.5%
* 70.1%
2.4%
65.4%
72.6%
72.5%
72.5%
* 77.3%
2.0%
0.0%
0.3%
68.3%
70.3%
77.3%
76.0%
76.2%
* 73.5%
* 71.5%
3.9%
-0.7%
0.0%
59.7%
63.6%
72.8%
71.4%
3.1%
-2.6%
* 64.5%
-1.7%
57.4%
60.5%
65.7%
63.1%
62.8%
3.3%
* 76.5%
-0.8%
* 74.8%
-0.2%
65.6%
68.9%
75.7%
74.6%
* 73.2%
5.8%
-2.1%
-0.8%
63.1%
68.9%
75.0%
73.0%
72.3%
Source: CBPP analysis of Census Bureau data from the American Community Survey. * indicates the change is statistically
significant at 90 percent confidence.

*
*
*

*
*

*
*

Table 4

Medicaid/CHIP Coverage Rate Increased in Most States in 2011

ALL INDIVIDUALS
STATE
NATION
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
DC
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

2010

2011

17.0%
18.2%
15.4%
20.4%
20.5%
19.2%
12.9%
15.1%
18.6%
25.4%
15.5%
16.1%
15.6%
13.7%
17.2%
15.0%
15.5%
12.1%
18.5%
21.8%
22.9%
14.1%
20.1%
19.4%
14.2%
23.2%
15.0%
12.7%
13.3%
11.0%
10.6%
13.2%
22.8%
21.2%
16.8%
9.3%
16.3%
16.8%
14.5%
16.7%
16.6%
17.2%
13.4%
18.9%
16.8%
11.5%
24.4%
10.3%
16.0%
18.9%
17.4%
12.8%

17.6%
18.3%
16.5%
20.6%
21.3%
19.7%
13.8%
16.3%
19.3%
25.5%
16.5%
16.4%
16.3%
15.1%
18.1%
15.6%
15.6%
13.0%
18.9%
21.7%
23.0%
14.6%
21.0%
20.0%
14.6%
23.3%
14.7%
13.2%
13.2%
11.8%
11.2%
13.8%
24.1%
22.3%
17.5%
10.4%
16.8%
17.0%
16.8%
17.0%
17.5%
17.6%
13.8%
19.2%
17.3%
11.4%
24.4%
10.9%
16.0%
19.7%
18.3%
11.5%

% Point
Change
0.6%
0.1%
1.1%
0.3%
0.8%
0.5%
0.9%
1.2%
0.7%
0.1%
1.0%
0.4%
0.7%
1.4%
0.9%
0.6%
0.1%
0.9%
0.4%
-0.2%
0.1%
0.5%
0.9%
0.6%
0.4%
0.1%
-0.3%
0.5%
-0.1%
0.8%
0.7%
0.6%
1.3%
1.1%
0.6%
1.1%
0.5%
0.2%
2.3%
0.3%
0.8%
0.4%
0.4%
0.3%
0.4%
-0.1%
0.1%
0.5%
0.0%
0.8%
0.9%
-1.3%

CHILDREN UNDER 18
*

*

*
*
*
*


*
*

*
*
*

*



*
*
*
*




*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

*
*




*


*

*
*
*

2010

2011

35.6%
40.5%
30.7%
36.4%
49.8%
38.2%
27.1%
28.9%
35.2%
52.8%
36.5%
37.1%
31.2%
30.4%
38.4%
33.4%
32.0%
26.3%
38.8%
50.2%
40.9%
29.4%
31.0%
39.0%
24.5%
50.6%
33.0%
30.8%
30.1%
23.8%
26.1%
26.1%
49.0%
36.9%
38.7%
19.5%
34.3%
40.8%
32.2%
34.6%
31.7%
38.3%
29.8%
38.5%
38.3%
20.3%
47.8%
23.8%
35.5%
42.5%
32.4%
32.0%

36.9%
41.4%
34.9%
37.4%
51.0%
39.5%
28.8%
30.2%
37.8%
49.9%
38.9%
37.6%
30.4%
33.0%
40.7%
34.6%
32.5%
29.5%
40.8%
48.8%
40.0%
30.2%
31.8%
39.7%
25.5%
49.2%
32.9%
32.9%
29.7%
24.9%
27.6%
27.9%
53.2%
39.2%
39.9%
23.0%
35.3%
40.9%
37.9%
34.7%
34.3%
39.8%
31.9%
40.3%
39.7%
20.3%
46.0%
25.0%
36.2%
43.9%
34.6%
27.7%

% Point
Change
1.3%
0.9%
4.1%
1.0%
1.2%
1.3%
1.7%
1.3%
2.6%
-3.0%
2.4%
0.5%
-0.8%
2.6%
2.3%
1.2%
0.4%
3.2%
2.0%
-1.3%
-0.8%
0.8%
0.8%
0.7%
1.1%
-1.3%
-0.1%
2.1%
-0.5%
1.1%
1.5%
1.8%
4.2%
2.4%
1.2%
3.5%
1.0%
0.0%
5.7%
0.2%
2.6%
1.5%
2.1%
1.8%
1.4%
0.0%
-1.8%
1.2%
0.7%
1.5%
2.2%
-4.3%

*

*


*
*



*


*
*
*

*
*





*






*
*
*
*
*
*

*


*

*
*


*


*
*

Source: CBPP analysis of Census Bureau data from the American Community Survey. * indicates the change is statistically
significant at 90 percent confidence.