command mode external commands edit : this command is a file editor c:\>edit or c:\>edit file1.

txt attrib : this command shows the file attributes file attributes are hidden read system file archieve c:\>copy con fx.txt this is for example ^z 1 file(s) copied. c:\>dir it show file fx.txt c:\>attrib +h fx.txt above command hides the fx.txt c:\>dir it wont show fx.txt file.because it is hidden file now c:\>dir /ah (this shows the file fx.txt ) to unhide the file fx.txt c:\>attrib -h fx.txt we have to follow the order system attribute--readonly ---hidden attribute---archieve

c:\>attrib +r fx.txt ( the file fx.txt is read only now) c:\>edit fx.txt you have no permission to edit to provide modify permission to file fx.txt c:\>attrib -r fx.txt c:\>edit fx.txt now you can edit. some commands c:\>attrib +s file - this creates are file as system file c:\>attrib -s file - this removes system file attributes c:\>attrib +r file - makes file as readonly c:\>attrib -r file - removes readonly attribute c:\>attrib +h file - makes file as hidden c:\>attrib -h file - remove hidden attribute find : this command is used to search pattern in a file example : c:\>copy con fruit.txt apple is red apple is good apple is costly i dont like it. we like some times ^z 1 file (s) copied. c:\>find /v "apple" c:\>fruit.txt c:\>find /c "apple" c:\fruit.txt c:\>find /n "apple" c:\fruit.txt c:\>find /i "apple" c:\fruit.txt what is the difference between copy and move command ? copy : in copy source file contents are copied to destination file and both files are available.

move : in move source file contents were moved to destination file and source file is removed. c:\>copy con f1.txt this is first file ^z 1 file(s) copied. c:\>copy f1.txt f2.txt now we can see both files c:\>dir c:\>type f2.txt - it show the contents of f1.txt file c:\>move f1.txt f3.txt here all contents are moved to f3.txt from f1.txt c:\>type f3.txt this is first file c:\>dir it shows only f2.txt and f3.txt , observe f1.txt is deleted. how do we take backup

it show following wizard

there select backup wizard it show

select next

select backup selected files , drivers or network data select next

select c:\ there select put a tick mark on sudan folder select next

select job location select browse select documents provide job name job15 select next

select finish

it shows backup completed close report and close every wizard go to c: there select sudan folder - shift del to delete folder open recycle bin to ensure sudan folder is not there how do we restore startmenu - run - ntbackup

it show following wizard

select restore wizard select next

select job icon select next double click on job15.bak file

select c:

there select put a tick mark on sudan select next

select finish

it shows restore is completed close all wizards go to c: observe sudan folder is there including data.