OUTLINING- is a method of organizing information according to main ideas, major details, and lesser details a.

topic outline- lists information in words and phrases b. sentence outline- uses complete sentences POINTERS for MAKING AN OUTLINE 1. Use a numbering-lettering system consistently, following each number and letter with a period. Main topics are indicated by ROMAN numerals. Chief subtopics under each main topic are shown by CAPITAL letters. Details under subtopics are shown by ARABIC numerals. Subdivisions of details are indicated by small letter. 2. There must always be more than one subtopic because subtopics are divisions of the topic above them. When you divide, you must have at least two resulting parts, because you cannot divide anything into less than two divisions. 3. Show division of items through indentation. Indentations are made so that all letters or numbers of the same kind will come directly under one another in a vertical line. 4. Begin each topic with a capital letter. Illustration of Format I. ________________________________________ A. ______________________________________ 1. ____________________________________ 2. ____________________________________ a. ___________________________________ b. ___________________________________ B. ______________________________________ 1. ____________________________________ a. ___________________________________ b. ___________________________________ 2. _____________________________________ II. _________________________________________ A. ______________________________________ B. _______________________________________ 1. _____________________________________ 2. _____________________________________ a. ____________________________________ b. ____________________________________ 1. ___________________________________ 2. ___________________________________ 3. ___________________________________

BIBLIOGRAPHY a list of sources you use to complete your research - an alphabetical listing of books and materials to which the author has referred to or which h suggests the reader for further reading on the subject MLA I. Books A. single author Connoly, Olga C. The Rings of Destiny. New York: McKay Company, 2000. B. two authors Samovar, Larry A. and Mills, Jack. Oral Communication. Iowa: Brown Publishers, 1990. C. three or more authors Dela Cruz, Joanna C. et.al. Exploring Science. Quezon City: JM Publications, 2003. D. no author Smoking. New York: Smith Press, 2001. E. Edition other than the first Kim, Eleanor V. The Smoking Habit 4th edition. New York: Harper and Row, 2004. II. Periodicals and reference Works A. magazine (signed) Wolkomin, Richard T. Hypnosis: Peephole Into the Mind, Kiwanis. September 2001, pp.30-38. (unsigned) Why Bureaucrats Are Being Sued, U.S. News and World Report. September 8, 2000, p. A1. B. Newspaper (unsigned) Critt, Ann C. Recession, The New York Times. March 25, 2008, p.8. (unsigned) Drought Slows Recovery Program, The Philippine Star. October 26, 2005, p.11. C. Encyclopedia article ( signed) Goodfellow, Charlotte E. Atlantis, World Book Encyclopedia. 2001 ed. (unsigned) Religion, The New Columbia Encyclopedia. 2003 ed. III. iNternet Canfield, John. Social Networking, retrieved November 5, 2010 from www

APA format: 1. Book written by a single author Menashe, L. (1997). Writng a research paper. (2nd ed.) Michigan: Michigan University Press. 2. Book written by 2 authors Elbow, P. & Belanof, P. (1995). A community of writers: a workshop course in writing (2nd ed.). U.S.A.: Steven Pensinger, Inc. 3. Article in a journal Maldonado, N.S. (1992). Making TV environmentally safe for Children. Children Education. 68, 229-230. 4. Article in a magazine Possner, N.I. (1993, October). Seeing the mind. Science 262. 673-674. 5. Article with no author from a newspaper New drugs appears to sharply cut risks of death from heart failure. (1993, July 15). The Washington Post, p.A12. 6. Article from encyclopedia or dictionary: Sadie, S (Ed.). (1987). The news grove dictionary of music and musicians (6th ed., Vols. 120). London: McMillan. 7. Unpublished doctoral dissertation Juffs, A. (1998). Learnability and the lexicon. Chinese learners acquisition of English argument structure. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. 8. For electronic publications There are no periods at the end of entries because periods are part of electronic addresses and adding periods will only confuse the readers. You may add the date of access in brackets at the end of an on-line entry. Author. (year). Title of article. Available: http://olympus. Lang. arts. alberta.ca. 8010/vol1002.001/Ling article. 1996.html [2010, January 3].

DEFINITION OF RESEARCH to search again, to take another more careful look, and to find out more (Sellitz et.al) is simply the systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic or problem (Aquino) REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE - is a process of identifying, collecting, and reviewing articles/theses as well as selecting and citing passages within the articles and unpublished theses that are relevant to the proposed study Related literature is composed of discussions of facts and principles to which the present study is related. For instance, if the present study deals with herbal medicine, literature to be reviewed or surveyed should be composed of materials that deal with herbal medicine. These materials are usually printed and found in books, encyclopedias, professional journals, magazines, newspapers, and other publications. Related studies, on the other hand, are studies, inquiries, or investigations already conducted to which the present proposed study is related or has some bearing or similarity. They are usually unpublished materials such as manuscripts, theses, or dissertations. Reviewed literature and studies help or guide the researchers in the ff.ways: 1. They help or guide the researcher in searching for or selecting a better research problem or topic. 2. They help the investigator understand his topic for research better. 3. They ensure that there will be no duplication of other studies. 4. They help and guide the researcher in locating more sources of related information. 5. They help and guide the researcher in making his research design. 6. They help and guide in making comparison between his findings with the findings of other researchers on similar studies. -