Jamonline / 2(4); 2012 / 292300 Research Article

Vikas Dubey et al

Journal of Atoms and Molecules

An International Online Journal
ISSN 2277 1247

TL and PL Study of beta irradiated calcite collected from Semaria mines of C.G. Basin
Vikas Dubey(1) * ; Jagjeet Kaur(1); Suryanarayana N.S(1); K.V.R.Murthy(2) 1. Department of Physics, Govt. Vishwanath Yadav Tamaskar Post Graduate Autonomous College, Durg (C.G.), India, 491001 2. Applied Physics Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering M.S. University of Baroda, Baroda 390001, India Received on: 09-07-2012 Revised on: 29-07-2012 Accepted on: 24-08-2012 Abstract: The present paper reports the photoluminescence (PL) and thermoluminescence (TL) studies of natural calcite collected from Semaria mines of C.G. Basin. The sample was irradiated with Sr-90 beta source given a dose of 10Gy and the heating rate used for TL measurements are 6.660C/sec was described. The sample displayed a good TL peak at 1270C and the corresponding activation energy (E) values are calculated. Photoluminescence excitation spectrum at ~254 nm, the corresponding emission spectrum peak at 395 nm is reported.

Keywords: Thermoluminescence; Photoluminescence; Kinetic Parameter.

Introduction: * Corresponding author Vikas Dubey, Email: jsvikasdubey@gmail.com, jagjeet_62@yahoo.co.in Phone: +91- 9826937919 A number of most common rock minerals including magnesite, Calcite, anhydrite dolomite, and aragonite, quartz are

thermoluminescent. Impurity ions and other crystal defects in these minerals provide trapping levels and luminescence centres which result in variety of glow curves for crystal which are formed under different condition. Calcites normally incorporate

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Jamonline / 2(4); 2012 / 292300 various impurities during crystallization. In the present investigation, an attempt was made to study the Thermoluminescence glow curve characteristics and photoluminescence of crystalline sample mines. It collected has from Materials and Methods:

Vikas Dubey et al

The natural Calcite samples were collected from Semaria mines of C.G. Basin. Micron size sample was prepared by grinding in a Pastle and Mortar. Sample pre annealed for 1 h at 2000C, and immediately cooled to room temperature. The TL glow curve was recorded by TLD Reader Model No. I1009 supplied by Nucleonix Sys. PVT. LTD., Hyderabad. Detail of TLD reader is reported elsewhere [10]. The sample was irradiated with Sr-90 beta source given a dose of 10Gy and the heating rate used for TL measurements are 6.660C/sec was described. (PL) emission The and

Chhattisgarh

promising

applications in geological and archeological dating and in radiation dosimetry. The Thermoluminescence (TL) of calcite has been the subject of numerous intensive studies because of the geological and archeological importance of this material [1]. Early studies [1, 2] on the TL of various minerals include the presence of TL (afterglow) in aragonite (orthorhombic CaCO3) and dolomite

photoluminescence

(CaCO3MgCO3). Medlin [3] investigated the calcite minerals in detail and attributed its TL emission to Mn2+ centres. Nambi and Mitra [4] have studied the TL of calcites of three different geneses and concluded that TL sensitivity is highest in the samples of hydrothermal origin, even though the

excitation spectra were recorded at room temperature using Spctrofluorophotometer

RF-5301 PC of SHIMADZU make. The excitation source is a xenon lamp. The chemical composition analysis was done by ELAN DRC II at NGRI - Hyderabad. The sample (calcite) was characterized at Inter University Consortium (IUC) Indore for Xray diffraction. XRD data were collected over the range 200-700 at room temperature. X-ray diffraction patterns have been obtained by Rigaku Rotating Anode (H-3R)

manganese (Mn) concentration is lowest in that sample. Franklin et al. attempted to correlate TL with the genesis of natural calcite crystals [5].

diffractometer.

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Vikas Dubey et al

Figure 1 Mineral Resources of Chhattisgarh Geology Map

Figure 2 Thermo luminescence Analyzer type TL1009 Figure 3 a schematic diagram of a TL measuring instrument is represented. Three main parts can be envisioned: the heating All rights reserved 2011 system, the detection system and the signal processing. The most common heating system is composed of a resistive planchet that heats www.jamonline.in 294

Jamonline / 2(4); 2012 / 292300 up as a result of the passage of current through it. A common method of measuring the temperature is through the use of a thermocouple welded to the underside of the planchet. A photomultiplier tube (PMT) is

Vikas Dubey et al normally used to detect the emitted TL. In fact the efficiency of high gain, very sensitive PMTs allow the detection of very low level signals with a convenient signal to noise ratio.

Figure 4 Diagram of a typical TL measuring system measurements are 6.60C/sec. The sample displays a good TL peak at 1270C and the Fig 5 show the TL glow curve of Calcite collected from Semaria mines of C.G. Basin irradiated with beta () source given a dose of 10 Gy. The heating rate used for TL corresponding activation energy (E) values are calculated using the formulas modified by Chen and others [6-9].

Results and Discussion:

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Vikas Dubey et al

Fig 5 TL glow curve of beta irradiated Calcite

Beta = activation Frequency irradia energy E factor S in T1 Tm T2 (eV) ted (S-1) calcite 363 400 445 36 45 81 0.553 0.577 2X108 TABLE 1: shape factors (), Activation Energy E and Order of Kinetics b of beta irradiated natural Calcite collected from Semaria mines of C.G. Basin

The peak shape factor for 1270C peak in calcite sample was found to be 0.553 which reflects that the order of kinetics is second. The values of E and s derived from different Chens peak shape methods tabulated in Table 1 & 2. The TL kinetics, the activation energy, attempt to escape frequency of electrons in the trap associated with 1270C were found to be second order 0.557eV, 2x108 sec-1 and trap depth in between 0.22 to 0.614 eV

respectively. All rights reserved 2011 www.jamonline.in 296

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Methods

References

Activation energy in (eV) 0.25 0.25 0.41 0.614

E (eV) = Tm(K)/500 = = = = = =

[6] [7] [8] [9]

(2K )

[9] [9] [9]

0.223 0.407 0.381

(2K ) (2K )

Table 2 The trap depth for the prominent glow peaks of the studied Calcite, evaluated from second order kinetics

Intensity (arb units)

Wavelength (nm) Fig 6 PL excitation spectra

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Vikas Dubey et al

Intensity (arb units)

Wavelength (nm ) Fig 7 PL emission spectra Fig 6 and Figure 7 are the PL excitation and emission spectrum of specimen. The excitation monitored at 400 nm wavelength shows peak at 254nm. The broad emission spectrum, peaking at ~395nm is observed under both excitations.

Figure 8 XRD pattern of calcite

The figure 8 (XRD pattern) confirms that the sample is calcite. The sample (calcite) was characterized at Inter University Consortium (IUC) Indore for X-ray diffraction. XRD data All rights reserved 2011

were collected over the range 200-700 at room temperature. X-ray diffraction patterns have been obtained by Rigaku Rotating Anode (H-3R) diffractometer. www.jamonline.in 298

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Vikas Dubey et al

Conclusion:

The value of activation energy E, frequency factor s for 1270C TL peak of -irradiated calcite sample collected from Semaria mines of Durg district were higher when estimated using peak shape methods. The activation energy E, frequency factor s of the 1270C TL glow peak of calcite are 0.577 eV, 2x108sec-1 and trap depth 0.22 to 0.614 eV respectively. The value was found to be 0.553 which indicates second order kinetics for beta irradiated excitation calcite. spectrum at Photoluminescence ~254 nm, the

corresponding emission spectrum peak at 395 nm is found.

Acknowledgement:

We are grateful to UGC New Delhi for funding through a Major Research Project. Also very thankful to NGRI (National Geophysics Research Institute), Hyderabad for Chemical Analysis of our sample.

Table 3 Chemical Analysis of Calcite

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Jamonline / 2(4); 2012 / 292300 References:

Vikas Dubey et al [5] Franklin A D, Hornyak W F, Pagonis V & Kristianpoller N, (1990) Nucl Tracks &

[1] Aitken M. J., (1985) thermoluminescence Dating (Academic Press, New York), pp 204. [2] Visocekas R, Ceva T, Lapraz D, Iacconi P, & Lefaucheux F, (1973) Phys Status Solidi a , 15 61. [3] Medlin W L, (1968) in Thermoluminescence of Geological Materials (ED) D J Mc Dougall (Academic Press, New York), pp 193. [4] Nambi KSV & Mitra S, (1978)Thermochim Acta, 27 61.

Radiation Meas, 17 517.

[6] Randall J.T. and Wilkins M.H.F., (1945) Proc. Roy. Soc. A 184 366. [7] Urbach F., (1930) Winer Ber. IIa 139 363. [8] Lushihik L.I., (1956) Soviet Phys. JEPT 3 390 [9] Chen R. (1969) J.Electrochem.Soc. 116: 1254.

[10] Dubey Vikas, Suryanarayana N.S. and Kaur Jagjeet, (2010) Kinetics of TL Glow Peak of Limestone from Patharia of CG Basin (India). Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering, 9(12):11011111.

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