Workshop on Cabling W k h C bli Certification (Panduit Mexico)

Introduction of DTX Series CableAnalyzer CableAnalyzer

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Presented by
Ing. Marco Antonio Damin Carbajal

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Workshop Agenda
Introduction What is certification and why do it? Copper testing with the DTX-1800 DTX 1800 Best Practices in Field Certification Troubleshooting failing links Fiber testing with the DTX-1800 and the DTX-FTM Bi-directional/dual wavelength t ti with th DTX Bi di ti l/d l l th testing ith the Virtual Fault Locating with the DTX Test T t results management with Li kW lt t ith LinkWare and d LinkWare Stats Summary
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Certification certify v. certified, certifying, certifies. tr ti f ti fi d ti f i ti fi

1.a. To confirm formally as true, accurate, or genuine. b. b To guarantee as meeting a standard: butter that was certified Grade A. See Synonyms at approve.
[Source: American Heritage Dictionary]

Compare the performance of an installed cabling system to a standard The cabling system includes: cables in the wall, outlet connectors, interconnects, patch panels and patch cords Performance depends on component quality and installation workmanship
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Understand Why We Certify (1) Certification Value For the Customer

Its All About Confidence The components delivered meet the specified performance requirements The installation has been performed with Quality workmanship Affirmation that the user receives a cabling system that meets the Quality and performance he/she expects (and is paying f ) t ( di i for) Customer Satisfaction

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Understand Why We Certify (2) Certification Value For the Contractor

Its All About Reputation p Proof of Installation Quality
Component Quality + Workmanship Quality = y y Quality Installation

Evidence To Win Repeat and New Business Assurance and documentation that the job was done right
Needed i N d d in case of future problem ff t bl

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Cabling Certification for the New HighHigh Bandwidth Networking Technologies

1. Test Parameters 2. Test procedures

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Test Parameters
Wire map Length Attenuation NEXT Return L R t Loss Propagation delay Delay skew Power Sum NEXT Power Sum ACR ELFEXT Power Sum ELFEXT

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An Installed Cabling Link

End to end End-to-end link used by the network
HUB or SWITCH

Equipm. Cord Crossconnect Panel

CP

Telecom Outlet

Patch Cord
HORIZONTAL CABLE WORKSTATION

TELECOMMUNICATION ROOM FLOOR DISTRIBUTOR

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WORK AREA CP: Consolidation Point (optional)

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The Channel Measurement

Channel excludes end connections end-connections

Equipm. Cord Crossconnect Panel

CP

Telecom Outlet

Patch Cord
HORIZONTAL CABLE

TELECOMMUNICATION ROOM FLOOR DISTRIBUTOR

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WORK AREA CP: Consolidation Point (optional)

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Link Definition: Permanent Link

Test results must not include any contributions made by the tester patch cables

Link E d Li k End
Patch Panel

Link End
Telecom Outlet

CP
HORIZONTAL CABLE
TESTER PATCH CORD

TESTER PATCH CORD

Telecommunication Room
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CP: Consolidation Point

Work Area
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Why the Permanent Link?

The true foundation cabling that is permanent and part of the building infrastructure Network equipment, patch cables and equipment cables are changed many times during the life of the bli i f t th cabling infrastructure t Provide guarantee that the Channel (permanent link plus patch cables) meets the network application requirements Compliant Perm. Link + Compliant Patch Cord = Compliant Channel
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Permanent Link Accuracy

With excellent baseline accuracy, the focus is on accuracy the performance of the Permanent Link Adapter With high-quality adapters the measurement high quality accuracy of the PL measurement is only degraded a very small amount from the baseline accuracy The principle rules: The adapters should not contribute to the measurement results of any test parameter (degradation to be minimized) Mated NEXT of the test plug and jack at the end of the link-under-test have a significant influence (This variability is not included in the standard variability accuracy model)
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Return Loss A Major Test Challenge

RL disturbance is more significant when the disturbance is closer to a transmitter/receiver (the end of the link)

Permanent Link

Return Loss in the testers adapter cords closest p to the transmitter/receiver potentially adds a significant measurement error that must be avoided Only O l one solution th Fluke Networks PL Adapter! l ti the Fl k N t k Ad t !
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DTX Permanent Link Solution

Adapters constructed with proprietary cable design Adapters interface with th DSP Ad t i t f ith the DSPPM06 as well as with the legacy and IDC personality modules Measured Parameters Propagation Delay Insertion Loss NEXT FEXT Return L R t Loss
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Correction Factor Prop. Delay in the adapter cable Stable Insertion Loss of adapter Stable p g Centered cat 6 plug Very high-quality cable plus Real-Time compensation Very high-quality cable enhanced by V hi h lit bl h db field calibration (Software version 1.1)
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A Revolutionary Plug Design

Implemented without cable p termination Circuit board design offers performance i very narrow f in window Limit variability Favorite of installer: Snag-free clip

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Variety of Vendors and Models

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DTX CableAnalyzer

Its All About Time

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Familiar User Interface

Rugged overmold bonded to case Soft key labels (e.g. (e g Fault Info) MMC card slot USB and Serial Interface connectors Talk button
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High performance connector for Copper adapters Bright color display Test Keypad and rotary knob make learning easy Power On button

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Testing Copper with the DTX

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Demonstration Setup (1)

Press the Green Button to turn the DTX on.

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Demonstration Setup (2)

1. Turn rotary knob to SETUP 2. Select Twisted Pair 3. Select Cable Type yp 4. Select Cat 6 UTP

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Demonstration Setup (3)

5. Select Test Limit 6. Select TIA Cat 6 Perm. Link If the desired test standard is not listed press the More button t b tt to access all folders of ll f ld f test standards

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To start the AUTOTEST, press TEST

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NEXT Measurement Evaluation

Worst Value

Worst value: The lowest dB value value. This typically occurs in the higher frequency range
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NEXT Measurement Evaluation

Worst Margin

Worst Margin: +4.8dB margin at 2.7MHz +4 8dB 2 7MHz Worst Margin can occur at any frequency !
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NEXT - Worst Case Margin

Margin: Difference between measured value and pass/fail limit value Positive margin means it is better than minimum Negative margin means it is less than minimum Worst case: smallest margin the point closest to the standards limit across all frequencies Worst Case Margin can be used as a quality grade for the link-under-test

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NEXT Headroom
Worst case NEXT Margin for all pair-to-pair NEXT tests 6 pair combinations o a Unit from Main U t 6 pair combinations from Remote Unit Headroom indicates the quality of the link Positive = PASS Bigger value is better

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Inspection of NEXT Test Results

Select NEXT on Summary Screen Press ENTER View Vie the results from the res lts Main and Smart Remote View the graph pair by pair Select Worst Case Margin Select Worst Case Value Press EXIT to return to the Summary Screen
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Saving the Test Results with a DTX Tester

Another great feature that

Four methods are available 1. Turn to SETUP Select Instrument Settings 2. Select Cable ID Source Select one of the four choices

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Saving the Test Results: NONE

Type the name of the each cable ID A blank cable ID field appears Select the character you want by using the arrow keys Example: create label 1F-3C20 Move to character 1, press ENTER Move to F, press ENTER M t F Move to dash, press ENTER When completed, Press SAVE
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Saving the Test Results: Auto Increment

Type in the name of the first cable ID Auto Increment mode automatically increments the last h l t character in the name t i th each time you save a test result The cable ID to be used is shown You can edit the selected name
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Auto Sequence
Automatically fills in the IDs between the START and STOP ID The rules: A characters that are common between START and STOP ID are NOT changed Cycle from START to STOP beginning with the right most field t fi ld Then cycle through the next field, each time repeating the range in the right fields

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Example of Auto Sequence

START ID: STOP ID: 1F-A01 1F-A02 1F-A03 : : : 1F-A22 1F-A23 1F-A24
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1F-A01 3F-D24 1F-B01 : 1F-B24 1F C01 1F-C01 : 1F-C24 1F-D01 : 1F-D24 2F-A01 : 2F-A24 2F B01 2F-B01 : 2F-B24 2F-C01 : 2F-C24 2F-D01 : 2F-D24 3F A01 3F-A01 : : : : 3F-D24
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Create the Auto Sequence List of ID

Select Auto Sequence Select a Template Create the Start ID Same method as entering a g cable ID Press SAVE to end and store Create the Stop ID Press SAVE Press SAVE to exit Auto Sequence creation
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Auto Sequence Save Test Results

After Autotest is complete, press SAVE DTX shows available ID names Select ID to be used Press SAVE to complete operation ti Return to Test Summary Screen

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List of Cable IDs

Prepare a list of IDs on your PC using one of many options/tools: A label generating software package Microsoft Excel , Notepad, or other editor that generates a text file Rules: One list cannot exceed 253 names You can create as many lists as you need Download each list into the DTX using LinkWare

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What happens when a link fails?

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Troubleshooting with the DTX

The two primary Performance Failures in a high performance cabling system are caused by: Near End Cross Talk (NEXT) Return Loss (RL)

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Advanced Time Saving Diagnostics

Fault info key (soft key) = Intuitive, plain language explanation of the defect l ti f th d f t Identifies location Suggests corrective action Deeper level diagnostics still available: HDTDX shows crosstalk magnitude along the linkunder-test

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NEXT and NEXT Defects

Causes of NEXT failure include: untwisting of wire-pairs at connection points poorly matched plug/jack combinations p poor q quality p y patch cables bad connectors bad cable split pairs excessive compression caused by p p y plastic cable ties excessive noise source adjacent to measured g cabling link
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Troubleshooting RL with HDDTR

When the link fails, Press the Fault Info key DTX Series utilizes Fluke Networks patented High Definition Time Domain Reflectometer (HDTDR) HDTDR can b used t f th be d to further pinpoint or analyze the problem In this example really not necessary

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Testing Fiber with the DTX

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TIA TSB140
Approved February 2004 Defines two Tiers of testing fiber: Tier 1 (mandatory): ( y)
1. Attenuation and length measurement 2. Polarity verification

Tier 2 (optional):
1. Tier t t 1 Ti 1 test 2. Plus an OTDR trace of the cabling link

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Testing Premise Fiber TSB140 - Tier 1

Testing horizontal fiber in accordance with TSB140 Tier 1 requires you to test at one wavelength in one direction. direction Testing backbone or riser fiber optic cable requires y you test in one direction at both wavelengths g If the adapters enforce polarity, verify polarity (bi-directional testing is not required) Bi-directional testing is a good idea with ST-style adapters when every fiber may be used in either direction ensures that core diameters properly align in both directions requires additional test time
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DTX-FTM
The DTX-FTM are:
1. Fiber certification modules for the DTX Series CableAnalyzers 2. Dual source/Bi-directional adapters 3. 3 Integrated Visual Fault Locator (VFL) 4. TIA TSB 140 Tier 1 Ready

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DTX Series Fiber Test Modules

Three types of modules All modules support two wavelengths for both fibers in a link All modules offer a built-in VFL For multimode Fiber Links DTX-MFM LED light source: 850nm/1300nm wavelengths g g DTX-GFM VCSEL/ Laser light source: 850nm/1310nm For singlemode fiber DTX-SFM Laser li ht source: 1310 /1550 L light 1310nm/1550nm
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Set up to test Fiber (1)

Insert the DTX-MFM into the DTX The fiber module is co-resident with the copper tester If you p y pre-configured for fiber g testing simply select Change Media

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Set up to test Fiber (2)

Select Fiber Setup-Tab 1 Fiber Type Test Limit Smart Remote Bi-Directional

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Fiber Demonstration Setup (1)

Ensure that Remote End setup: Smart Remote Bi-Directional: Yes Select Fiber Type: Generic Select: Multimode 62.5

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Fiber Demonstration Setup (2)

Select Test Limit TIA568B Backbone MM Press Exit Press Right Arrow to move to Setup-Tab 2 Update: Number of Ad t N b f Adapters: 2 Number of Splices: 0 Connector Type: ST Test Method: Method B

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Fiber Demonstration Setup (3)

Get ready for testing Turn the Rotary knob to AUTOTEST

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Setting the Reference

Turn the rotary knob to SPECIAL FUNCTIONS Select Set Reference Connect the tester fiber patch cables just like the diagram on the tester screen Press Test

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Fiber Mandrels
The NF MANDREL Th NF-MANDREL are used with an LED d ith source when measuring optical power loss in multimode fiber optic cabling The mandrels act as mode filters remove high-order modes from the optical g p signal to achieve equilibrium modal distribution (EMD) when testing with LED sources that overfill the fiber Fiber mandrels improve instrument-toinstrument loss measurement consistency and repeatability Mandrels are used to meet the launch conditions specified in TIA/EIA 568-B.1 568 B 1
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Fiber M d l Models Fib Mandrels - M d l

These mandrels can be used with any LED sourced tester

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Loss Measurement - Test Setup

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Fiber T ti Fib Testing E Exercise 4 i

To start the Autotest, press TEST Autotest

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Fiber T ti Fib Testing

When the test is completed, the results from the test are displayed Select the highlighted selection and press enter This will show the individual test results of the test just performed

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DTX-FTM Visual Fault Locator

The DTX-MFM include a Visual Fault Locator (VFL) Two modes of operation: Continuous Wave and Flashing Used to find breaks or to identify fiber on patch panels

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Linkware and Linkware Stats

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The New Standard for Test Results Management g

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Manage test results

1. 2. 3. 4. Create ANSI/EIA/TIA 606-A compliant projects Import data from Fluke Networks testers into common database Easily sort through test reports Append files with test reports from another

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Flexible Reporting
Linkware provides reports in formats such as: Graphical Summary Text

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Tester Administration
Through Linkware you can:
Upgrade software/databases for various Fluke Networks cable test equipment Create custom setups for common equipment set up Create custom Cable IDs

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Test Results Management -Printed Reports

LinkWare Software supports several alternatives to provide test results information to your customer:
Graphical color report with meas red ith measured test points over full frequency range Text format with worst case and worst value data Summary report which provides a list of the cabling links tested and key information Reports can be printed on paper or sent to an electronic PDF file.

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LinkWare Stats Software

Software option to LinkWare Reveals trends, exceptions, & performance of large amounts of certification data Provides benefits for: Project Managers (installer of the infrastructure) End Users (owner of the installation) Premise Wiring Manufacturers (warrantor of the system)

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Summary Summary

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DTX Series Cable Analyzers

Next generation of copper and fiber certification tester Provide fast test time (as low as 9 seconds!) Test up to 900 MHz Meets Accuracy Level IV for baseline, PLA and Channel Easy- to- use operation with a bright color screen Familiar cockpit for FNet customers Manage test results data with LinkWare (& LinkWare Stats) Long battery life (12 hours)
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DTX Series Fiber Test Modules

Dual Wavelength/Bi-directional test modules Multimode module transmits 850 nm and 1300 nm with a LED Gigabit Multimodule supports VCSEL (850 nm) and FP laser (1310 nm) Singlemode modules transmit 1310nm and 1550 nm with a Fabry-Perot laser Automated loss budget calculations All DTX Series Fiber Test Modules include a built-in Visual Fault Locator Integrated modules allow for switching between copper and fiber test without rereferencing TIA TSB140 Tier 1 Ready
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Linkware and Linkware Stats

Manage copper and fiber test results with a single software application supports Fluke Networks' entire line of cable testers and OTDR Deliver professional graphic reports Electronically save, maintain and archive test results Standards compliant with the ability to configure and print TIA 606-A documentation New drag and drop feature makes it g g easier to manage and organize multiple projects Simple user interface and timesaving features for increased g productivity
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Questions?????

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Now a b i f word from our sponsor.... N brief df

Fluke Networks The RIGHT TOOL for the RIGHT JOB for the RIGHT PERSON. PERSON
We have the largest array of test, monitoring, and g y management products in the industry. Tools designed for specific job responsibilities and for the people manning those jobs.

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Fluke Networks Background

Began as an exploratory business unit within Fluke Corporation in 1992 By 2000, growth and market differences from Fluke y ,g were apparent Different customers Different sales channels and sales processes Different products and applications In 2000, Fluke Networks was spun off as a separate company Fluke Networks and Fl k C Fl k N t k d Fluke Corporation are separate ti t and distinct companies Both are part of the Danaher family of companies (DHR)
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History of Fluke Networks

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Other S l ti Oth Solutions From Fluke Networks F Fl k N t k

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Fiber Test Solutions

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Other Solutions From Fluke Networks

Network M N t k Management, M it i t Monitoring, D Documenting, Troubleshooting ti T bl h ti

IntelliTone

LinkRunner MicroScanner WaveRunner

NetTool

OneTouch
76

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HandHeld Test Tools for Ethernet Networks Fluke Networks

Muchas Gracias!
Ing. Marco Antonio Damin Carbajal Ingeniero de Soporte Pre-Venta mdamian@mexel.com.mx (55) 53 40 1478

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Reference Slides

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Cabling Standards Around the World

ISO/IEC 11801:2002
IT Generic Cabling for Customer Premises

ANSI/TIA/EIA 568B
Commercial Building Telecommunications Wiring Standard

EN50173:2002
Performance Requirements Of Generic Cabling Systems
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Types of Standards
Component specifications Define performance and grades of cables, connectors and hardware Example: ANSI/TIA/EIA 568-B.2 Installed Link Specifications Permanent Link and Channel Example: ANSI/TIA/EIA 568-B.1 Network Technology Standards (Applications) Define performance requirements for all elements of a the network Example: IEEE 802.3, ATM-PHY
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ANSI/TIA/EIA Standards
568-B Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard 569 Commercial Building Standards for Telecommunications Pathways and Spaces 570 Residential and Light Commercial Telecommunications Wiring Standard 606-A The Ad i i t ti St d d f th 606 A Th Administration Standard for the Telecommunications Infrastructure of Commercial Buildings 607 Commercial Building Grounding and Bonding Requirements for telecommunications
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Benefits of Standards Compliance

Assurance that cabling system will support standards-based applications Future network applications will most likely be developed based on infrastructure standards Simplify administration Reduce Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) Accommodate future growth

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Principle of ISO & TIA Performance Measurements

Based on a Signal-to-Noise Ratio Insertion Loss (Attenuation)
Measure of signal strength at the end of the transmission medium

Noise/Disturbance
All unwanted or undesirable signal noise inserted g between transmitter and receiver Characterized by test parameters that measure crosstalk (NEXT FEXT) and return loss (NEXT, ret rn Each noise (test) parameter cannot exceed the specified level

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The Legacy Category 5 System

A two wire-pair system The traditional or legacy transmission system

Workstation Signal

LAN Equipment q p

Transmit
Signal

Receive Transmit
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Receive
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The Category 5 Test Parameters

Signal strength: measured by Attenuation Noise: Near-End Cross Talk (NEXT)

Workstation Signal

LAN Equipment q p

Transmit
Signal Attenuated Signal

Receive Transmit
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Receive
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NEXT

Signal-to-noise ratio: Attenuation to Crosstalk Ratio (ACR)

Insertion Loss (Attenuation)

The amount of signal loss in the transmission link (expressed in dB) ( ) Measure of Signal in Signal-to-Noise Ratio Signal Si l Source Signal Receiver

Loss

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Attenuation
Measured in decibel (dB) Decibel is a logarithmic expression of a power ratio Power at the end of the link over power l P t th d f th li k launched at h d t the input

Ratio R ti 1/1 1/2 1/5 1/10

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Decibel D ib l 0 dB -6 dB -14 dB -20 dB 20

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Attenuation
Function of (Increases with): Frequency Temperature
Cat 3 cable: Cat 4 & 5 cable: 1.5% per degree Celsius 0.4% per degree Celsius

Link Length
Increases directly proportional with link length

Metallic Conduit
Approx. 3% i A increase

Relative Humidity
RH increase from 40% to 90%: 2% increase
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Attenuation as a Function of Frequency

TEST CABLE (300 ft)
25

Attenuation (dB) Pair 1,2

PASS: 30-May-97 01:20:22pm

Not to exceed limit values

20 15

10

0 0.1 10.1 20.1 30.1 40.1 50.1 60.1 70.1 80.1 90.1 100.1 MHz

Mukilteo Cable Co.

TIA Cat 5 Basic Link Limit

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Attenuation Measurement Reporting

PASS Highest measured attenuation and frequency at which this occurs Test limit at this frequency FAIL Measured attenuation and frequency at which this occurs Test limit at this frequency Margin: Difference in dB between test limit value and measured value Positive number when test passes
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Crosstalk
Transmit NEXT
Crosstalk measures the amount of signal interference or coupling from one wire-pair to another wire-pair NEXT measures crosstalk at the signal source the Near End FEXT measures crosstalk at the receiver the Far End FEXT was not measured for the Cat 5 cabling system since that disturbance was not entering a receiver
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FEXT

NEXT is measured in dB
NEAR END
1

FAR END
1 2 3
100

Tx signal
2 3

Rx dist.
6

100

Power of measured disturbance NEXT (dB) = 10 Log Power of transmitted signal

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NEXT is Measured in dB

Disturbance Ref. 1V e 0.05 0.04 0 04 0.0316 0.02 0.01 0 01 0.005 0.001 0 001
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Ratio 1/20 1/25 1/31.6 1/50 1/100 1/200 1/1000

NEXT (d ) (dB) 26 27.96 27 96 30 34 40 46 60

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NEXT as a Function of Frequency

NEXT Loss (dB)
100 90 80

NE EXT in dB

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0.1 10.1 20.1 30.1 40.1 50.1 60.1 70.1 80.1 90.1 100.1

Frequency in MHz
NEXT
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TIA
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(Pair-to-pair) NEXT

6 Combinations AB AC AD BC BD CD

D
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NEXT and Distance to Defect

NEAR END
1

Attenuation

FAR END
1

Tx PAIR
2 3

100

2 3

Rx PAIR
6

100

Defect at long distance may not be detected

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Testing from the Far End Reveals the Problem

NEAR END
1
100

FAR END
1

Tx PAIR
2 3

2 3
100

Rx PAIR
6

BAD CONNECTOR Crosstalk of 24 dB @ 62.5 MHz

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ACR
Attenuation to Crosstalk Ratio One expression of Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) Signal-to-Noise Calculated performance parameter The diff Th difference between NEXT (i dB) and b t (in d Attenuation (in dB) The b t Th best performance indicator to determine f i di t t d t i useable bandwidth for a two wire-pair system Other Oth parameters play a significant role i th t l i ifi t l in the bandwidth determination of the cable

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Link Performance
NEXT is used as indicator for quality of components and workmanship Alternate indicator for quality: Return Loss ACR as an indicator of maximum usable bandwidth. 10 dB: still usable signal power 0 dB: noise power equals signal power you cannot rely on signal energy above the frequency at which ACR = 0 dB

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The New Transmission Model Four wire pairs Full duplex on each pair
Workstation Horizontal Cabling g Switch

Example: Gigabit Ethernet (1000BASE-T)

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Multiple Pair - Parallel Transmission Far-End Crosstalk (FEXT) adds disturbance Workstation Transmit Signal 2 Si l Transmit LAN Equipment Signal 1 Attenuated Signal Receive FEXT Receive

SNR = Equal Level Far-End Crosstalk (ELFEXT)

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Power Sum ELFEXT Signal

FEXT PSELFEXT Attenuatio n

ELFEXT (signal difference diff in dB)

Combined ff t f ll di t bi C bi d affects of all 3 disturbing pairs = Power Sum i P S

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Full Duplex Transmission Return Loss adds disturbance

System A
Transmit Signal B to A Receive Directional Coupler Receive Signal A to B

System B
Transmit

Desired signal = attenuated signal from other end. Noise = reflected signal on same wire pair. SNR = Return Loss - Attenuation
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Category 5e/6 Test Parameters

Measured Test Parameter Wire map Propagation delay Attenuation NEXT (pair-to-pair) FEXT (pair-to-pair) (pair to pair) Return Loss
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Calculated Test Parameter Length, Delay Skew PSNEXT, ACR, PSACR ELFEXT, ELFEXT PSELFEXT

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Developments in Cabling Requirements

Development St t of 10 Gi bit Ethernet D l t Status f Gigabit Eth t The IEEE 802.3an committee is studying the implementation for 10 Gigabit Ethernet over i l t ti f Gi bit Eth t twisted-pair copper cabling (10GBASE-T) Fluke N t Fl k Networks is actively participating in the k i ti l ti i ti i th study of medium performance parameters and transmission requirements to support 10GBASE-T This high-performance cabling system will require a high-performance field tester Increased frequency range (1 to 500 MHz) Higher Hi h accuracy specification (A ifi i (Accuracy L Level III ) l IIIe)
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10GBASE-T
IEEE 802.3an task force has delegated the study of the physical medium to TIA and ISO/IEC workgroups The signal-to-noise ratio budget analysis is complex and consists of two components: l d i t ft t In-channel requirements for all parameters, are initially set to ISO/IEC 11801 Class E limits limits, extended to 500 MHz. Between-Channel crosstalk requirements are Between Channel becoming very important in the Signal-to-Noise Ratio
referred to as Alien NEXT or Alien ELFEXT

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Alien Crosstalk
Crosstalk between wire-pairs in adjacent cables General rules: This crosstalk is worst between wire-pairs with the same twist rate The effect is greater if cables stay in parallel at the link ends Impact increases with the distance over which the cables run in parallel Impact increases with the frequency of the transmitted signals
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Twisted-Pair Cabling Expected to Support 10GBASE-T

Currently Installed Cabling Class F Cl Class E/ Cat 6 UTP Class E / Cat 6 ScTP Channel Comments Length (m) 100 55 100 Supported (IEEE objective) S t d bj ti ) Supported (IEEE objective) Will meet Requirements Requires additional (field) test of PS ANEXT parameter To be defined

Class E / Cat 6 with PSANEXT 55 to 100 testing Future Cabling Class E / Cat 6 Augmented 100

Current TIA developments: TSB-155 Draft 1.1 completed in Jan. 2004 Next Draft to be completed in Q3 2005 Q3-2005 Standard completion is anticipated in 2006
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10 GbE Cabling Study Topics

Reference measurement data on typical channels Field study to quantify Alien NEXT coupling Develop the performance limits up to 500 MHz Obtain relevant Alien NEXT performance data p From connecting hardware (including patch panels) From real world cabling systems g y Develop performance specifications for each component Applicable standards: TIA TSB-155 Currently in draft 2 y A significant amount of work remains!
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Links Demand Accuracy Level IV

Permanent Link test limits: Comparison of the signal limits for NEXT The NEXT signal allowed for Class F at 250 MHz is 18 times smaller than the NEXT allowed for Class E at 250 MHz
Class D Freq. dB 1 60 10 48.5 100 32.3 250
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Class E dB 65 57.8 41.8 35.3 35 3 mV 0.56 1.29 8.13 17.18 17 18 dB 65 65 65 60.4 60 4

Class F mV 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.95 0 95

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mV 1.00 3.76 24.27

Independently Verified Accuracy Level Underwriters Laboratories Inc (UL) independently Laboratories, Inc. verified that: DTX-1800 meets and exceeds the Accuracy Level IV specifications in ISO/IEC 61935-1 DTX-1800 meets and exceeds the proposed Accuracy Level IIIe specifications in TIA TSB-155 This verification covers all test configurations, configurations executed in full compliance with the standards The base line specification, the permanent link test specification configuration and the Channel test configuration Verification units were randomly selected from inventory
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The Channel Measurement

Channel excludes end connections end-connections

Equipm. Cord Crossconnect Panel

CP

Telecom Outlet

Patch Cord
HORIZONTAL CABLE

TELECOMMUNICATION ROOM FLOOR DISTRIBUTOR

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WORK AREA CP: Consolidation Point (optional)

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Fluke Networks Channel Test Solution

All FNet testers apply Connector Compensation Time domain technique to exclude mated NEXT of the end-connections in the channel adapters
The OMNIScanner2 applies near-end compensation only

Remote connector compensation is a unique capability of the DTX and the DSP Series testers
The impact of remote connector compensation is more important for shorter channels Critically important for channels shorter than 25 m (80 feet)

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Channel Measurement with CC C

Cat 6 2-connector channel 185 foot (56.5 m) ( ) Worst case margin 1,2-7,8: 7 dB at 34.5 MHz
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 Cat 6 CHNL limit 1,2-3,6 12 36 1,2-4,5 1,2-7,8 3,6-4,5 3,6-7,8 4,5-7,8

Connector compensation is a must to deliver an accurate Channel measurement Only FN t h d li150 d O l FNet has delivered on 200 requirement 300 this thi i t 50 100 250

350

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Channel Measurement without CC

Cat 6 2-connector channel 185 foot (56.5 m) ( ) Worst case margin 3,6-4,5: -3.1 dB at 247 MHz
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Cat 6 CHNL Limit 1,2-3,6 1,2-4,5 1,2-7,8 3,6 4,5 3,6-4,5 3,6-7,8 4,5-7,8

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Patch Cord Testing

Compliant Perm. Link C li t P Li k + Compliant Patch Cord = Compliant Channel

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A Patch Cord

Most important: the mated NEXT performance of the plugs at the end of the patch cord with the jack ( (socket) ) The jack (socket) of the tester interface must represent the standard (reference of performance) Major impact of cordage on Return Loss (RL) of the channel Test must include full evaluation of NEXT and RL
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Standards Define Patch Cord Test

TIA/EIA-568-B.2-1 Paragraph 7.2.1.3: NEXT Loss
NEXT Loss of near-end connection Worst-case addition of the NEXT Loss of the remote connection compensated for the round trip attenuation of the cable Plus NEXT of patch cord cable Plus an allowance for reflected FEXT (=0.5 dB)

NEXT Loss test limits of patch cords is lengthdependent Very similar to latest draft of IEC 61935-2

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NEXT Measurement
Tester Adapter Tester Adapter

Main Unit

Adapter Modular Jacks

Remote Unit

Modular jacks are the reference Must be selected to meet the all the Cat 6 component-level specifications These jacks can also be used to certify Cat 5e patch cords
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Return Loss Measurement

Tester Adapter Tester Adapter

Main Unit

Attenuation Circuit (5dB) for each wire pair p

Remote Unit

Main unit is (factory) calibrated using one-port calibration (Open, Short and precise 100 Load) To diminish effect of far-end termination: 5 dB attenuation circuit in remote adapter Assure Test Adapters are connected to correct tester unit
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Patch Cord Test Adapter

Adapters designed with centered CAT6 reference jacks

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Testing a Patch Cord as a Channel is only a Wire Map Test (Verification) p ( ) Channel

Channel test excludes the end connections You only test a short piece of cable Channel limit line assumes Up to 90 m of horizontal cable Up to 10 m of patch cord Up to four (4) connecting points
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Channel versus Patch Cord Test Limits

Test limit values for a Cat 6 2m patch cord compared to the Cat 6 channel limits

NEXT (dB) ( )
Patch Cord 10 MH MHz 100 MHz 250 MHz 65.0 65 0 46.4 38.3 Channel 56.6 56 6 39.9 33.1

Return Loss (dB) ( )

Patch Cord 22.8 22 8 18.0 14.0 Channel 19.0 19 0 12.0 8.0

Testing a patch cord as a Channel does not cover performance

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What Exactly Is a Good Fiber?

Look to the standards for guidance TIA/EIA-568-B.1 describes a good fiber based upon its it application li ti Horizontal cabling Backbone cabling B kb bli Centralized cabling The BICSI Telecommunications Distribution Methods Manual (TDMM) references ANSI/TIA/EIA-568 ANSI/TIA/EIA 568
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Recognized Fiber Types

Horizontal Multimode fiber, 50/125 or 62.5/125 micron Centralized coating cladding Multimode fiber core Backbone Multimode or single-mode fiber g Component performance specified in TIA/EIA-568-B.3

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Good Horizontal and Central Cabling1

Application Loss (dB) Horizontal, MM < 2.0* Centralized, Centralized MM < 3.3 3 3**
1

Wavelength (nm) 850 or 1300 850 or 1300*** 1300

Length (m) 90 300

TIA/EIA-568-B.1 definition

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Good Backbone Cabling1 Good

Application Backbone, MM Loss (dB) 3.5/km + 0.75/conn + 0.3/spl 1.5/km + 0.75/conn + 0.3/spl Backbone, SM B kb 1.0/km 0.75/conn + 1 0/k + 0 75/ 0.3/spl 1.0/km + 0.75/conn + 0.3/spl (nm) 850 1300 Length (m) 2000 2000
9 8 7 6 lo s s ( d B ) 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 length (m) 850 MMF 1300 MMF ISP SMF OSP SMF

1310

2000

1550

2000

TIA/EIA-568-B.1 definition

spl = splice, conn = connection * 1.0 dB/km ISP, 0.5 dB/km OSP
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Testing Premise Fiber The two configurations for premise fiber

Horizontal Fiber Fiber from the Telecom Room (TR) to the Work Area (WA) Maximum length: 100m ( g (328 ft) ) Testing requirements according to ANSI/EIA/TIA 568 B.1: need to be tested at one wavelengthin one direction need wavelength in direction Backbone Fiber Fiber from a TR to TR or to ER Testing requirements according to ANSI/EIA/TIA 568 B.1: shall be tested in one direction at both operating shall wavelengths
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Testing Premise Backbone Fiber Tier 1

To test Premise Backbone Fiber (Tier 1) there are 3 types of testers: Optical Loss Test Set (Power Meter and Source) Single Wavelength Fiber Adapters Dual Wavelength Fiber Adapters

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Optical Loss Test Set

1. 850nm 2. 1300nm

Out

In

I. II. III. III IV.

Test (1) Save Change source wavelength Change meter wavelength

V. VI. VII. VII VIII.

Test (2) Save Change source wavelength Change meter wavelength

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Optical Loss Test Set (Contd)

5. 850nm 6. 1300nm

3. Move

4. Move

Out

In

IX. X. XI. XII. XIII.

Move test jumper (3-4) Test (5) Save Change source wavelength Change meter wavelength

XIV. XV. XVI.

Test (6) Save Change source wavelength

XVII. XVII Change meter wavelength XVIII. Move test jumper to next fiber
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Single W Si l Wavelength Fiber Adapters l th Fib Ad t

2. 1300nm 3. Length

In

Out

1. 850nm

In

Out

I. II.

Autotest (1-3) Save results

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Brand A Fib Adapters Continued B d Fiber Ad t C ti d

8. Length 6. 850nm

4. Reconfigure

5. Reconfigure

In

Out

In

Out

7. 1300nm

III. IV. V. V VI.

Reconfigure test jumpers (4-5) Autotest (6-8) Save results Move test jumpers to next pair
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Dual W D l Wavelength Fiber Modules l th Fib M d l

5. Length 4. 1300nm 3. 850nm

In

Out

1. 850nm 2. 1300nm

In

Out

I. II. III.

Autotest (1-5) Save results Move test jumpers to next pair

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Loss Is Measured As A Difference In Power L I M dA Diff I P

1. Measure power coming out the source
Source
Patch P t h Cable

Meter

Example: Measures - 20 dBm

2. Then measure power after coming out of the fiber link

Fiber Li k Fib Link Patch Cable Adapter Adapter Example: Measures - 23 dBm Patch Cable

Source

Meter

3. The loss is the difference in dB (3 dB in this example)

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Dispersion

The main source of signal distortion in fiber optic transmissions Dispersion lengthens the transmitted light pulse as it travels down the fiber t l d th fib Measured in pulse-broadening time per unit length (typically in nsec/km) l th (t i ll i /k ) Dispersion is a critical offender for support of high d t hi h data speeds d
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Dispersion limits link length

Dispersion increases proportionately with the fiber optic cable length When the fiber cable length is too long, pulses run together and the receiver can no longer decode the signal information

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Sources of Loss in Fiber Optic Paths

Dirty connections The fiber material Impurities Variation in material density Coupling losses between fibers Bends in the fiber

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Losses From Dirty Connections

Dirty connections are the enemy of low-loss fiber connections. Dust blocks light transmission Finger oil reduces light transmission g g Dirt on fiber connectors spreads to other connections Be very careful to keep fiber connections clean Clean fibers each time they are connected You can verify that fibers are clean by using a fiber scope to look at the fiber end faces.
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Three Different Test Configurations

Smart Remote

Loop Back

Far End Source

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Smart Remote Test Mode

The screens below illustrate the Autotest and Set Reference setup for this test mode

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Loop Back Test Mode

The screens below illustrate the Autotest and Set Reference setups for this test mode

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Far End Source Mode

(single fiber testing)

The screens below illustrate the Autotest and Set reference setups for this test mode (Singlemode / Laser light source shown)

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