Works Cited- Economics

"Brasilia." CIA World Factbook. 25 Jan. 2009 <https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-

world-factbook/geos/br.html>.

The CIA World Factbook was created by the American government and is a very credible

website for general information pertaining to the countries of the world. The CIA World

Factbookis updated every two weeks, thus making it the most up-to-date source of information

available.

"Brazil Employment." Photius. 25 Jan. 2009

<http://www.photius.com/countries/brazil/economy/brazil_economy_employment.

html>.

Photiusis a credible source because it sites its sources. Its sources are the CIA

Factbookand the Library of Congress. It is not the best source, because the last time it was

updated was April 1997. It provides not only statistics, but it also discusses the reasons behind

those statistics, and why employment rates went up or down.

"Brazil Land use - Geography." Country Facts. Index Mundi. 25 Jan. 2009

<http://www.indexmundi.com/brazil/land_use.html>.

Country Facts by Index Mundi is a good source for Brazil land use statistics. It offers

percentages of land that is cultivated and used, along with definitions of all the terms. It sites

its source which is the CIA Factbook.

"Brazil Responsible Sourcing Program." Brazil Sourcing Program. 25 Jan. 2009

<http://74.125.95.132/search?q=cache:hnkuCTP-

aUIJ:www.usaid.gov/our_work/global_partnerships/gda/resources/Brazil_Responsibl

e_Sourcing_Program.pdf+Brazil+employment+farmers+percent&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=

1&gl=us>.

This website was created by the American government. It provides information about

poverty in Brazil, and actions the American government is taking to help the country. It
discusses helping local farmers, and attaching them to the international market through

funding. It’s a credible source because it is a government-created PDF file.

"Brazil - The Coffee Economy, 1840-1930." Country Studies. 21 Jan. 2009

<http://countrystudies.us/brazil/60.htm>.

This website about Brazil was written by Rex A. Hudson. He specifically wrote it for

the Library of Congress in 1997. Although the information is credible, it is not up-to-date due

to it being published over ten years ago. The author has written numerous books on other

countries as well, and all of his online books feature a vast resource of information.

"Brazil’s Top Exports & Imports: Most Popular Products Traded Between Brazil & America."

International Trade. 21 Jan. 2009

<http://internationaltrade.suite101.com/article.cfm/brazils_top_exports_imports>.

This article was written by Daniel Workman. It provided sufficient information about

all Brazil’s exports and imports. Workman sited his sources, one of which included the Foreign

Trade Statistics. He mostly lists statistics, which were found useful when writing about

Brazilian economics.

Krugman, Paul. "The Lost Continent: Be Careful in South America.(IMF bailout of

Brazil)(Column)." The New York Times 151 (August 9, 2002): Editorial Desk: A15(L).
Global Issues In Context. Gale. MARY INSTITUTE & ST LOUIS DAY SCHOOL. 13 Jan.
2009 <http://find.galegroup.com/gic/start.do?prodId=GIC>.

This was the most subjective of my sources. It is a column in the New York Times, so it

is quite reliable. It was the first source I used, and it gave me a few facts, but mostly an

overview of the troubles facing Brazil in the 2000s and the reason for the most recent loan

from the IMF. This source was also my shortest one. The perspective is very American-centered,

but nonetheless matches the facts from my other sources. The audience would be not quite

scholarly, but definitely an audience aware of Brazil’s economic past. The piece reads almost

like an editorial, in that the author gives his opinion on what should be done in Brazil, but

reading the source has not forced me to agree with his opinion.
Maxwell, Kenneth. "The Two Brazils." The Wilson Quarterly 23.1 (Wntr 1999): 50(1). Global
Issues In Context. Gale. MARY INSTITUTE & ST LOUISDAY SCHOOL. 13 Jan. 2009
<http://find.galegroup.com/gic/start.do?prodId=GIC>

This article read like an article written in a scholarly journal. The audience would be

one that not necessarily knew everything there is to know about Brazil, but an audience that is

very curious. This article is about 7 pages long, one of my largest sources, and it covers far

more topics than I was interested in. It covered in depth much of Brazil’s social, political, and

economic history. When reading this article, many pieces of the puzzle began to fit together.

Here, I discovered the Real Plan and the earlier IMF loan. The article did not sound like an

editorial at all, and seeing as it came from the Woodrow Wilson International Center for

Scholars, is reliable. The facts held up when I compared them to my other sources.

McGraw-Hill. 25 Jan. 2009 <http://highered.mcgraw-

hill.com/sites/0072374071/student_view0/chapter15/key_terms.html>.

McGraw-Hill is a well-established and well-credited education and learning company.

They provided a sufficient definition for the term “GDP per capita”. The definition was found

in a student resource center, under a key terms list. This implies the term and definition was

printed in one of McGraw-Hill’s text books.

"Modern Trade and Commerce."Latin America, History and Culture: An Encyclopedia for
Students. Tenenbaum, Barbara. 4 vols. Princeton, NJ: Charles Scribner's Sons,
1999.

This source, along with "Public Sector," came from the same encyclopedia, so they were

identical in all but content. The “Modern Trade and Commerce” explained Brazil’s switch from

free trade, to mercantilism, and then back to free trade. It also re-introduced MERCOSUR, a

trading league, which I had heard referred to in conversation, but not yet in my research.

Again, the audience is about high-school age because no complex vocabulary or technical

economic terms were utilized. Without this source, I would know little about Brazil's foreign

relations prior to the 1990s.

"Public Sector."Latin America, History and Culture: An Encyclopedia for Students.
Tenenbaum, Barbara. 4 vols. Princeton, NJ: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1999.

Writing wise, this article was presented in a very objective format as is expected in an

encyclopedia. The “Public Sector” explained the nationalization and privatization of Brazil

since the Great Depression. This source really filled in the gaps in my knowledge of Brazilian

domestic policy prior to 1992. The audience seems to be about high-school age because the

vocabulary and structure were pretty basic. Nevertheless, this encyclopedia was a backbone of

basic understanding for me, of why Brazil has gotten where it is today.

Stiglitz, Joseph E."A Second Chance for Brazil and the I.M.F.(new foreign loan
package)(Column)."The New York Times 151 (August 14, 2002) Editorial Desk:
A23(L). Global Issues In Context.Gale. MARY INSTITUTE & ST LOUIS DAY SCHOOL. 13
Jan. 2009<http://find.galegroup.com:/gic/start.do?prodId=GIC>.

This source read almost verbatim like the Krugman article. In fact, they are both from

the New York Times, and were written within a few days of one another. Stiglitz’s article

discussed again the most recent loan of $30 billion to the IMF, however this article was twice as

long as the Krugman article. This article also feature much more background on Brazil’s

economic problems; the Stiglitz article discusses privatization of telecommunications and the

progress of education reform. The audience is again someone who is fairly well versed in

Brazilian internal and foreign relations. This article had less of an editorial tone and rang more

objective than the Krugman article.

The Amazon Rainforest." Rainforests. 25 Jan. 2009

<http://rainforests.mongabay.com/amazon/>.

Mongabay.com is one of the most credible resources for rainforest information. They

have a vast amount of information about the Amazon Rainforest, and providesnot only history

but also current up-to-date information. It offers news articles about the Amazon, and also

provides statistics about how large the Amazon is. It has information about animal species and

weather conditions.

"The Delights of Dullness." The Economist (US). Vol 387 (2008):81. Gale History Resource
Center:World. MICDS Library, St. Louis, MO. 15 Jan. 2009
<http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/History?locID=sain62671>.
 This article is my only source from The Economist, a source similar in structure to

Newsweek, but focusing on economics. This was my most current source, so it provided me

with information about the current (2008) state of Brazil’s economy, inflation, progress. The

article also took on an editorial tone, evaluating Brazil’s progress to eventually deem it slow

but steady progress. This article presented facts about the growing middle class and the

increasing amount of exports. It even mentioned the term ‘BRIC’ in reference to Brazil’s

growing influence. The audience is anyone with a slight interest in international economics, but

previous knowledge about Brazil is not necessary to understand the article. Knowing economic

jargon, however, is a must, as a few non-colloquial words appear.

"WordNet Search." WordNet. 25 Jan. 2009

<http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=gdp>.

WordNetSearch provided a sufficient definition for the term “GDP”. WordNetSearch is

a website that provides definitions for multiple words, acronyms, and terms. It was

developedby Princeton University’s Cognitive Science Laboratory, and is currently being

improved by six professors at the university.