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Radio Planning and Systems Collocation

2/12/2008
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In This Chapter
Collocation effects of adjacent / overlapped cells Frequency and power considerations Radio Planning Tools and Calculations

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Chapter Objectives
This chapter enables you to:
Identify the problem effects between adjacent cells Name the minimum physical separation between cells Describe the relevant radio planning considerations and identify some power budget calculations List some radio planning tools (NIR, limitation of the automatic channel selection).

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In This Chapter
Collocation effects of adjacent / overlapped cells Frequency and power considerations Radio Planning Tools and Calculations

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Adjacent Cells
Each cell - 6 Sectors Frequency effects

1 10 6 1 10 6 2
Adjacent Cells
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5 9 2 1
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5 9

10 6 2

5 9

Adjacent and Overlapped Sectors

Adjacent Sectors

1 10 6 10 5 6 9

1 5 9 2
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Overlapped Sectors

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Collocation Cells Frequencies Separation Collocation is achieved by operating collocated systems on different channels Channel Band-Width: 10, 20 or (in BreezeNET-B) 40 MHz
Adjacent channels

2 1 3

4 5

6 7

8 9

10

110 MHz (ISM) UNII

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5730 MHz

5840 MHz

Collocation Cells Frequencies Separation Mechanically adjacent or overlapped sectors can not use frequency adjacent channels At least one operating channel should be kept as guard channel. Doing otherwise may cause Adjacent Channel Interference (ACI) and reduce the performance of both systems Is not recommended reusing the same frequency channel in back to back configuration
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3 4 5

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Partial Adjacent Channels Overlapping Sectors Alvarion Training Services

Collocation Cells Frequencies Separation In back-to-back installation a separation of 1 channel is recommended

3 5
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Back-to-Back Sectors
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Collocation Dos and Donts

5750 MHz 5770 MHz 5790 MHz 5810 MHz 5830 MHz

2 1
5740 MHz

4 3
5760 MHz

6 5
5780 MHz

8 7
5800 MHz

10 9
5820 MHz

7 3 5

UNII

1 9 5 1 10 5
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6 3
Possible cell configuration when using 20 MHz channels
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9 2

Possible cell configuration when using 10 MHz channels

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Adjacent & Co-channel Interference

In most cases of elevated noise floor the cause is other equipment, co-located on the same tower or rooftop.
Co-channel Interference

When the noise floor is elevated by a signal that is on the same frequency as your radio
Adjacent Channel Interference

When the noise floor is elevated by a signal that is not on the same frequency as your radio but rather an adjacent channel.

Co channel and adjacent channel interference may be caused by:

Wrong frequency allocation Wrong transmit power configuration Low antennas physical separation or faulty antennas
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Collocated Noise Sources Typical 3 Sector Site

Green arrow indicates desired direction of transmission When 1 transmits, 2 & 3 also receive energy from the back of the antenna. If radio 2 or 3 are on or near the same frequency as 1, then the result would be co-channel interference. Co-channel interference is the most destructive type of interference.

3
Red arrow indicates energy is released from the back and sides of the antenna as well.
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Sector Antennas Physical Separation - Installation Guidelines Antennas Installed at the Same Height
Recommended distance between sector antennas: Adjacent/Overlapped sectors: 2 meters Back-to-Back sectors: 5 meters

Shift Angle Between Antennas

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Back to Back

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Sector Antennas Physical Separation - Installation Guidelines For installation where the recommended physical separation cant be met, it is recommended to mix the horizontal and vertical separation as follows:

< 2m

Overlapped Sectors
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Adjacent Sectors

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Collocated Non BA-VL Noise Sources

2m

OMNI antennas transmit energy in all directions

Energy may be high enough to raise the noise floor on nearby sectoral antennas. Is recommended a 2m separation between sectorial antennas and other equipments installed on the same pipe/tower
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In This Chapter
Collocation effects of adjacent / overlapped cells Frequency and power considerations Radio Planning Tools and Calculations

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Adjacent Sectors - General Considerations

A very close to the center => Signal could saturate AU Sector #2 A and B transmit on different (but close) frequencies The AU Sector #2 couldnt receive B
Solution - ATPC (Automatic Transmit Power Control)

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Adjacent Cells / Sectors - Frequency Considerations

Small Cells C transmissions to AU Sector #2 reach AU Sector #1 causing interference to AU Sector #1
Solutions - ATPC - Rotate the cell frequency pattern - Avoid using same sequence in sectors illuminating the same direction

Base Station #1

Base Station #2

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Adjacent Cells / Sectors - Frequency Considerations

Sectors #2 in cells #1 and #2 use same frequency Signal from sector #2 (cell #1) can reach C and cause interference
Solutions - Rotate the cell frequency pattern - Avoid using same sequence in sectors illuminating the same direction - If the previous solution cant be applied, reduce the transmit power of sector #2 (Cell #1)

Cell #1
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Cell #2

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In This Chapter
Collocation effects of adjacent / overlapped cells Frequency and power considerations Radio Planning Tools and Calculations

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Power Budget Calculation

PR GT GR LFS LR

PT

AU-ODU
CAT-5 Cable

LT

SU-ODU
CAT-5 Cable

AU-IDU

PR = PT LT + GT LFS + GR LR FM While PT LT + GT EIRP Our Goal PR SR

SU-IDU
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PR = Received Power [dBm] PT = Transmit Power [dBm] LT = Cable Loss at the transmitter side [dBm] GT = Gain of transmitter Antenna [dBi] LFS = Loss of Free Space [dBm] GR = Gain of the Receiver Antenna [dBi] LR = Cable Loss at the Receiver side [dBm] FM = Required Fade Margin

SR = Receiver Sensitivity [dBm]

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System Sensitivity

Modulation Level 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
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Sensitivity (H/W Rev. B and Higher) -89 dBm -88 dBm -86 dBm -84 dBm -81 dBm -77 dBm -73 dBm -71 dBm
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Minimum SNR 6 dB 7 dB 9 dB 11 dB
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14 dB 18 dB 22 dB 23 dB

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Power Budget Calculation - Example

PR GT GR LFS LR

PT

AU-ODU
CAT-5 Cable

LT

SU-ODU
CAT-5 Cable

Note LFS

= 92.5 + 20 Log <f@GHz> + 20 Log <d@Km>

AU-IDU

SU-IDU
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PR = Received Power [dBm]??? EIRP = 36 dBm (FCC 5.8 GHz) PT = Maximum Power LT = 0.25 dB per meter (Length of 2m) GT = 17 dBi (90 Antenna) LFS = Frequency 5.8 GHz; Distance of 10 Km GR = 21 dBi LR = Attached Antenna FM = Rural environment / obstacle LoS (Typically 10 dB)
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Power Budget Calculation - Example

PR 17 21 127.67 0

19.5

AU-ODU
CAT-5 Cable

0.5

SU-ODU
CAT-5 Cable

AU-IDU

PR = 19.5 0.5 + 17 127.67 + 21 0 10 While 19.5 0.5 + 17 36 Our Goal -80.67 SR

SU-IDU
at least
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PR = Received Power [dBm] -81.67 dBm

EIRP = 36 dBm (FCC 5.8 GHz)

PT = Maximum Power +19.5 dBm The system will work LT = 0.25 dB per meter (Length of 2m) GT = 17 dBi (90 Antenna) in modulation level 5 LFS = Frequency 5.8 GHz; Distance of 10 Km GR = 21 dBi LR = Attached Antenna FM LoS (Typically 10 ver. 08-02-05 = Rural environment / obstacle Alvarion Training Services dB)

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Radio Planning Tool (NIR)

Runs on Win95, Win98 or WinNT Inputs from user
3D geographical maps Radio parameters Antenna parameters Site parameters Capacity requirements

Output of the Radio Planning Tool

NIR application
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Power coverage => available capacity User affiliation to Base Stations

Note: For limited size cells (micro cells) the AU transmit power may be required to be reduced according to the desired covered area and modulation level in order to allow a better frequency reuse
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Spectrum Analyzer Feature Channel Selection In this mode the AU only listens and does not operate as normal When The feature is turned on, the AU:
Resets Scans the spectrum for as long as configured When Automatic channel selection option is enabled, Automatically selects the clearest channel upon scanning completion (Disabled by default) Resets and goes back to its normal mode (After completion)
The results may be viewed (During this period)
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The feature exists both in AU and SU The AU automatic channel selection feature does not take in account the OFDM interference (OFDM Frames from the spectrum analyzer table)
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Spectrum Analyzer Feature Channel Selection

Spectrum Analysis Status Spectrum Scan Channel Period Spectrum Scan Cycles Automatic Channel Selection
Channel 5725 5730 5735 5740 5745 5750 5755 5780 5785 5790 5795 Signal Count 115 10 0 6 451 256 15 0 0 0 0 Signal SNR 4 4 0 7 13 20 6 0 0 0 0

: Active :5 :2 : Disable
Signal Width 7 22 0 14 14 220 56 0 0 0 0 OFDM Frames 0 0 0 211 65 0 0 0 0 0
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Frequency Allocation Case Study

5,500 MHz 5,700 MHz 5,520 MHz 5,540 MHz 5,560 MHz 5,580 MHz 5,600 MHz 5,620 MHz 5,640 MHz 5,660 MHz 5,680 MHz
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Is there a mistake in this Radio Planning?

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Summary
The main problems due to Collocation of Cells Main radio planning considerations Radio planning tools to optimize the situation

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Thank You

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