Hiipoi Lee Shyann Moriguchi February 18, 2013 Period 2 Primary Sources "Excerpts from Good Work Sister!

Women Shipyard Workers of World War II an Oral History." Excerpts from Good Work Sister! Women Shipyard Workers of World War II an Oral History. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Jan. 2013. <http://www.goodworksister.org/GWS1.html>. This photograph is for the Library of Congress. The picture shows fifteen or so women excitedly heading to their jobs at a factory. Goldin, Claudia Dale. Understanding the Gender Gap: An Economic History of American Women. New York: Oxford UP, 1990. Print. The Role of World War II in the Rise of Womens Employment is a study conducted by the American Economic Association. The study is of the women labor force before and after World War II. The paper uses two surveys from 1944 and 1951 to show that the number of women employed after the Second World War increased. Hemingway, Ernest. "The Field Gray Colossus." Ken Magazine [Dover, OH] 11 May 1939: 20. Print. Ernest Hemingway is the author of the article The Field Gray Colossus. The article appeared four months following the outbreak of World War II and focuses on the size and abilities of the German Army. It begins with an introduction of Keitel and Goering, Hitlers right hand men and notes that Keitels war tactics were more indispensable to Hitler. Hemingways article presents an enlightening view of the strength and weaknesses of the German Army. Hollem, Howard R. Miss. Virginia Davis. Flickr from Google. 1942. Accessed January 31, 2013. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/library_of_congress/2178431563/> This picture shows a real life Rosie doing work in a factory. What is interesting about this picture is that she is working with a man. This shows that men and women can do the same jobs, and they can even do them together. Hollem, Howard R. War production workers at the Vilter [Manufacturing] Photograph. Flickr from Google. 1939. Accessed January 31, 2013. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/library_of_congress/2179237858/> This photograph is for the Library of Congress. The picture was taken in 1935 and

shows a Rosie working in a gun factory while her brothers and husband are in the service. This picture shows a woman inspired by Rosie and doing work for the war. Longstreet, Stephen. "You're in the Army, Mrs. Jones." Pic Magazine 16 Feb. 1943: 31. Print. Stephen Longstreet is the author of the article Youre in the Army, Mrs. Jones. The article depicts the role women played in a California bomber factory. Longstreets text comes from his own experiences as a novice defense worker working alongside these women war workers. The article also illustrates the unappealing uniforms women workers were required to wear including photographs of women wearing overalls while bathing bombers and working on an enormous wing surface on an avenger for the U.S. Navy. Miller, J. Howard. We Can Do It! Rosie the Riveter. Accessed January 31, 2013. The content dates back to 1942. It is a copied version of the original sheet music for the song Rosie the Riveter. This is considered to be one of the origins of Rosie the Riveter. The actual song can be found on websites like YouTube, but this is the actual sheet music from Redd Evans and John Jacob Loeb. Mitchell, Margaret. "Mrs. Casey Jones Takes Over." Click Magazine Oct. 1943: 10. Print. Margaret Mitchell is the author of the article Mrs. Casey Jones Takes Over regarding the massive number of American women who had stepped forward to work in the railroads to continue the delivery of goods during World War II. The article describes the physically strenuous jobs women performed in the Pennsylvania, Baltimore, and Ohio railways. Mitchells article also includes photographs of women diligently cleaning locomotives and engines. Rockwell, Norman. Saturday Evening Post. 1943. Photograph. N.p. Rockwell's illustration features a brawny woman taking her lunch break with a rivet gun on her lap and beneath her Penny loafer a copy of Hitlers manifesto Mein kampf. War Manpower Jobs. 1942. Photograph. N.p. War Manpower Jobs is a flyer promoting women to register for war jobs. The flyer promotes registration with the saying: Every women who take a job hastens the day of victory or American arms and peace. "War Worker." Yank Magazine 10 Dec. 1944, British ed.: 11. Print.

War Worker was written to address the rumors that many World War II servicemen discouraged women employment during wartime and agree with the supposed economic prosperity resulting in their labor. The article includes an interview and a picture of Frank Hanley, his wife Stella, and son Bill; the picture explains why the Hanleys and many other war worker families cannot spend their money on expensive pretties. They cannot afford to, though their incomes are higher than before the war. Weissbrodt, Sylvia Rosenberg. Women Workers in Ten War Production Areas and Their Postwar Employment Plans. Washington: U.S. Dept. of Labor, Women's Bureau, 1946. Print. This source is a study conducted by the Department of Labor, Womens Bureau on continued employment after World War II titled The Womens Bureau Studies Postwar Plans of Women Workers. The Womens Bureau of the Department of Labor asked women workers about their future work plans. The bulletin revealed that most women wanted to keep their present jobs. Immediately after the war, the percentage of women who worked fell as factories converted to peacetime production and refused to rehire women. Womanpower. 1942. Photograph. N.p. Womanpower is a flyer from Labor Mobilization and Utilization including quotes from men themselves and statistics taken from the December poll of American Institute of Public Opinion that explains the percentage of men that supported women working in factories. The flyer proves that workingwomen were not only essential to win the war but entirely normal. "Women in the Work Force during World War II." National Archives at Atlanta. National Archives, n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2013. National Archives gives background on women ordinance workers and their lasting effect on jobs for women today. The source begins with an explanation that prior to the war, most of the women that did work were from the lower working classes and many of these were minorities, and after the war, women in the workforce became a common sight. Women Want to "Get It Over" 1940. Photograph. N.p. Women Want to Get It Over is a pamphlet listing the rules and guidelines for employing women and instructions for training women. The pamphlet also includes photographs of women ordinance workers and captions reading: Women are careful. Women are cooperative, and women are patient.

Secondary Sources Acemoglu, Daron, David H. Autor, and David Lyle. Women, War and Wages: The Effect of Female Labor Supply on the Wage Structure at Mid-century. Cambridge, MA.: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2002. Print. The book Women, War and Wages investigates the effects of increased women labor in the workforce by utilizing military mobilization. It notes that the impact was not uniform across all states. In states where a greater amount of men proceeded to war, women worked more after the Second World War leading to lower male and female wages. Acemoglu, Autor, and Lyle are economists. "Child Care During World War II." Child Care During World War II. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. <http://www.forgeofinnovation.org/springfield_armory_18921945/Themes/People/Women/World_War_II/Child_Care/index.html>. The website provided a lot of useful information on the development of child care centers and the viewpoints of social workers in the federal government on women working in factories rather than tending to their children at home. Department of History on the Internet. 2008. University of Colorado at Colorado Springs. 15 Jan. 2013. <http://www.uccs.edu/~history/student%20presentations/index.htm.> The Department of History of the Internet is useful because it mentions about the attitudes that some people had pre-war and post-war. It also gives statistics on where the women worked in the different industries. The attitude aspect is important because we will be able to compare the difference before the war and after the war and we will be able to see if people changed their minds about women working. Deslippe, Dennis A. Rights Not Roses Unions and the Rise of Working-Class Feminism, 1945-1980. Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2000. This book focuses heavily on what happened to women in the years after World War II, as well as what happened to them in the last year of the war. Since Rosie the Riveter was the idol behind workingwomen during the Second World War, this book shows what happened as a result of Rosie. Several sections in the beginning chapters of the book talk about the legacy of women during the war and how they fought for their rights after the war was over. Ellis, Blake. Female Grads Earn $8,000 Less than Men. CNN.com. Accessed January 13, 2013. <http://money.cnn.com/2012/10/23/pf/college/women-men-payap/index.html.>

This news article gives a few statistics about women today and how, despite how much it has improved, there is still slight discrimination against women in todays world. Gluck, Sherna Berger. Rosie The Riveter. Boston, MA, Twayne Publishers, 1987 The book Rosie the Riveter has facts and statistics about women in the workforce during World War II. Gluck, Sherna Berger. Rosie the Riveter Revisited: Women, the War, and Social Change. New York, NY: Penguin Group, 1988. This book details women during World War II and explained what happened when men returned home. This book contains interviews from women that were actual Rosies during the war. It describes what these women had to do and how they felt when their husbands and other male family members returned from the war and expected them to go back to their strict domestic roles. Goodwin, Doris Kearns. No Ordinary Time: Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt: The Home Front in World War II. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994. Print. Doris Kearns Goodwin is the author of the monumental book No Ordinary Time: Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt: The Home Front in World War II. Goodwins work chronicles a number of story lines during World War II including Franklin and Eleanors marriage and FDRs presidency and its impact on the war. Her book also won the Pulitzer Prize in history. History.com. Rosie the Riveter. History. Accessed December 29, 2012. <http://www.history.com/topics/rosie-the-riveter.> This website gives a lot of the basic information about Rosie the Riveter. It gives a lot of statistics about women during World War II, as well as some background information on the Rosie campaign. Honey, Maureen. Creating Rosie the Riveter: class, gender, and propaganda during World War II. 2nd printing, with revisions. Massachusetts: The University of Massachusetts Press, 1984. 13-32. eBook. Honey discusses the background information of the propaganda that was created after women began taking over their husbands positions and why it caused controversy with the typical gender roles during that time in America. Rosie the Riveter became the new stereotype for women in the work force because she represented a new working class of women who went beyond homemaking. Inagraham, Leonard W. and Inagraham, Gloria D. An Album of American Women, Their Changing Role, Grouer Company. 1987

This source tells a lot about how many women worked before World War II. It helps the readers with knowing how the women were treated when they went to work and how it was a turning point in history for women. Kaufman, Pat. Rosie the Riveter Remembers. OAH Magazine of History 16, no. 3 (Spring 2002): 25-29. Accessed December 18, 2012. JSTOR. The article gives firsthand accounts from women that worked as real life Rosies. These women worked in the factories and did what they could do for the men overseas. The article shows several pictures from the 1940s featuring women working in factories. Kessler-Harris, Alice. Out to Work: A History of Wage-earning Women in the United States. New York: Oxford UP, 1982. Print. Kessler-Harris book Out to Work: A History of Wage-earning Women in the United States gave facts on the unfair wages between men and Rosies during World War II. "On Patrol." Keeping America Running: Women in World War II -. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2013. This source is a website by Penny Colman documenting the efforts of women during World War II. Penny Colman writes about illustrious, but not typically well known, women and a wide range of significant and intriguing topics in her books. A popular keynote speaker, Colman has also appeared on television and radio. McPartland, Ginny. "Artime Shipyard Child Care Centers Set Standards for Future." Kaiserpermanentehistory.org. N.p., 29 Sept. 2010. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. <http://www.kaiserpermanentehistory.org/tag/toddlers-in-day-care/>. The website provided with information on the development of child care centers during World War II and its opportunity to study theories of child development and child education. Rosie the Riveter. In Encyclopedia of War and American Society, edited by Peter Karsten, 716-52. Vol. 2. New York, NY: MTM Publishing, Inc. This encyclopedia provided a lot of basic information about Rosie the Riveter. The section on Rosie discusses about her origin and what she stood for to women during World War II. There was also a poster in this encyclopedia showing a woman dressed as a man saying Gee, I wish I was a man, so that she could register to fight in the war. Rosie the Riveter: Real Women Workers in World War II. YouTube. Video file. Posted by The Library of Congress, February 10, 2009. Accessed January

11, 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=04VNBM1PqR8> This video was extremely helpful in the research. The video focuses a lot on the origins of Rosie the Riveter as well as what she did for women during and after World War II. This 15 minute video gives the viewer a great deal of information about Rosie. Ruth Milkman. Gender at Work: The Dynamics of Job Segregation by Sex During World War II. The Working Class in American History. Volume 1. (1987): 232 This journal is useful because it talks about the fairness of wages in jobs and the sexual division of labor. It gives statistics on some women in manufacturing and says what areas were most affected. This is helpful because we get to see what jobs they replaced when the men went off to war and how hard the jobs were. Also because women were not in these fields before the men went to war. Tuttle, William M. Daddy's Gone to War: The Second World War in the Lives of America's Children. New York: Oxford UP, 1993. Print. Tuttles book Daddys Gone to War: The Second World War in the Lives of Americas Children provided facts on the effects of women in the workforce on children. The book gave positive and negative examples of the effects. Weiss, Elaine F. Before Rosie the Riveter, Farmeretts Went to Work. Smithsonian.com. Last modified May 29, 2009. Accessed January 11, 2013. <http://www.smithsonianmag.com/specialsections/womenshistory/Before-Rosie-the-Riveter-Farmerettes-Went-to-Work.html> This website focuses on the workwomen did before World War II. While a majority of women stayed domestic, some women helped out on farms and did work like that. After this though, they had to go back to the domestic work. "Women's History in America." Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia. [U.S.A]: Compton's Learning, 1994. Print. The excerpt was taken from Comptons Interactive Encyclopedia. It masterfully documents women throughout most of history, how motherhood and wifehood were deemed womens significant professions and how men viewed women as weak and unable to fulfill jobs that required much muscular and intellectual development. Perhaps the most important, women fought and accomplished a new definition of their role in society.