wew

wq

Exact
Tran
Lami

TermPr
Journal
Publishe
VOLUM

t Soluti
sfer in
inates
roject:Paper
ofHeatTran
edby:ASME
E134*NUM
on of U
Cylindr
rRevision
nsfer
E
MBER10*O
Submittedt
Unsteady
rical Co
OCTOBER20
o:Dr.KAMA
y Condu
mposit
12
ARANAFAQ
IMRANS
12SP
uctive H
e
SAJIDSHAHID
PMSME002
Heat
D
2

LiteratureReview:
[1,2] 1Dheattransferinanisotropiccrystals
[36]
Solutionofheatconductionincylindricalcoordinateshavebeenstudiedforhomogeneousmedia
withisotropyorspecialanisotropy
[7] Unsteadydiffusionphenomenawithinanorthotropiccylinder
[8] Axisymmetricshellelementforheatconductioninlaminatedcomposites
[9]
Transientheatconductionofalaminatedcompositenoseconesubjectedtoaerodynamicheating
usingFEM
[10] Steadystateheatconductioninmultilayercompositeplates&shells
[11] Transientthermalheatconductioninrectangularfiberreinforcedcompositelaminates
[12]
Theoreticalformulation&computationof3node6dofmultilayerflattriangularelementin
multilayeredcompositeshells
[13]
Numericalanalysisofheatconductioninmultilaminaplatesandtheeffectofheatconduction
frominnerlayerinducedbythethermoplasticeffects
[14
17]
Heatconductionincircularcylinderoffunctionallygradedmaterialsandlaminatedcomposites
[18]
Solvedtheproblemofheatfluxinamediumwithorthogonallypositionedrowsofperiodically
appliedfibers
[19]
Twospacemethod,homogenizedequationforsteadyheatconductioninthecompositematerial
cylinder
[20]
Developmentoftemperaturedistributionofthickpolymericmatrixlaminatesandcomparedwith
numericallycalculatedresults.
[21]
Robustintegralequationmethodforthecalculationoftheelectrostaticandpropertiesofhigh
contrastcompositematerials
[22] Analyticalsolutionoftransientheatconductionincompositecircularcylinderslab
[23]
Efficientboundaryelementformulationfor3dsteadystateheatconductionanalysisforfiber
reinforcedcomposites
[24] TransientheatconductionofvariablestiffnesscompositelaminateusingFEM
[25]
Analyticalsolutionforconductiveheattransferinunsteady,periodicandsteadystateusing
Greensfunction
[26] Analyticalapproachtounsteadyheatconductionprocessesin1Dcompositemedia
[27] Greensfunctiontodeveloptransienttemp.solutioninCartesiantwolayerorthotropicmedium
[28] Computationalmodelforconductiveheattransferinlaminate
[29] Transientsolutiontoheatconductionincompositecircularcylinder
[30] Exactsolutionofsteadystateheatconductionincylindricalcompositelaminate
[31] Analyticaldoubleseriessolutiontotransientasymmetricheatconductioninamultilayerannulus

HeatConductioninComposites:
Generally,Fourierrelationforconductiveheattransferinorthotropicmaterialsisasbelow:
_
q
x
q

q
z
_ = -_
k
11
k
12
k
13
k
21
k
22
k
23
k
31
k
32
k
33
_ _
oI ox
oI oy
oI oz
_
AccordingtoOnsagerreciprocity,ClausiusDuhemrealtionandk
33
= k
22
theheattransfercoefficientmatrix
becomes:
_
k
11
u u
u k
22
u
u u k
22
_
Ingeneral,twodifferentcoordinatesystemsaredefined:onaxis(x
1
, x
2
, x
3
)andoffaxis(x, y, z)asshown
infigure.

The direction of onaxis coordinates depends upon fiber direction, in the way that x
1
, is in the direction of
fibers, x
2
is perpendicular to x
1
, in the composite layer and x
3
is perpendicular to the layer plane. In
manufacturingthecompositematerials,bylayingthedifferentlayersoneachother,thecompositelaminate
is formed. Since the orientation of fibers in each lamina may be different from other laminas. We need to
define an offaxis reference coordinate system as well, so as to be able to study the physical properties in
constant directions. Thus, there is an angular deviation by h between the onaxis and offaxis system and
these coordinates are coincident. In the onaxis coordinate system, Fourier equation for a composite
materialis:
(1) _
q
x
q

q
z
_
on
= -_
k
11
k
12
k
13
k
21
k
22
k
23
k
31
k
32
k
33
_
on
_
oI ox
oI oy
oI oz
_
on

According to Eq(1) in each lamina; properties in direction of fibers(x

1
) is different from those in
perpendiculardirection(x
2
, x
3
),butintheperpendicularplanetothefibers,heattransferinalldirectionsis
thesame.Withrotationofonaxissystemby,Eq(1)canbeobtainedintheoffaxissystem:
_
q
x
q

q
z
_
o]]
= -_
k
11
k
12
k
13
k
21
k
22
k
23
k
31
k
32
k
33
_
o]]
_
oI ox
oI oy
oI oz
_
o]]

Incylindricalcoordinatesystem(offaxis),FouriersEquationinorthotropicmaterialisasfollows:
(2) _
q
x
q

q
z
_
o]]
= -_
k
11
k
12
k
13
k
21
k
22
k
23
k
31
k
32
k
33
_
o]]
_
oI or
1
r
oI o
oI oz
_
o]]

As shown in Fig.1, the fibers are winded around the cylinder in each lamina. Here, the fibers angle () is
definedbasedontheanglelocatedbetweenthetangentialdirectiontofibers(t)andperpendiculardirection
(L) relativeto the cylinder axis. Regarding Eqs(1) and (2), heat conduction coefficient in offaxis coordinate
canbeobtainedbasedontheonaxiscoordinatesystem.

(S) _
k

11
k

12
k

13
k

21
k

22
k

23
k

31
k

23
k

33
_ = _
k
22
u u
u m
I
2
k

11
+n
I
2
k

22
m
I
n
I
(k

11
-k

22
)
u m
I
n
I
(k

11
-k

22
) n
I
2
k

11
+m
I
2
k

22
_

In relation (3) m
l
mentions cos and n
l
refers to sin. In this method, heat transfer coefficients (or other
directionaldependentphysicalparametersofthesubstance)arecalculatedbasedonthefollowingrelations;

Figure1:TheFibersdirectioninacylindricallaminate

(4o) k
11
= :
]
k
]
+:
m
k
m

(4b) k
22
= k
m
1 +p:
]
1 - p:
]

In Eq(4), k
f
is the conductive coefficient of the fiber, k
m
is the conductive coefficient of the matrix, v
f
is the
volumepercentageofthefiber,andv
m
isthevolumepercentageofthematrixmaterial.Quantitiesand
arecalculatedfromthefollowingequations:

(So) p =
k
]
k
m
-1
k
]
k
m
+

(Sb) = 1 (4 -S:
m
)

Eq(4)and(5)canbegeneralizedtootherphysicalpropertiesofthecompositematerials.Inordertoobtain
theheattransferequationinacylindricalcompositelaminate,itisnecessarytoapplytheenergybalanceon
ano
and

In E
con

The

Her
com

orthotropic
dusingEq(2)
Eq(6), g is
nductivehea
eunsteadyh
e,itissuppo
mbinationoff
cylindricale
)forheatflu
the interna
ttransferin
eattransfer
osedthat the
freeconvectio
element,wh
uxes,heatco
Fig.2
l heat gene
composite
requationof
inner tempe
onandsolarr
ichisshown
onductioneq
2:Heatfluxes
eration. By s
materialsid
fcylindrical
raturein the
radiationisex
ninFig.2.By
quationforh
sinacylindr
substituting
obtained:

compositela
ecylinderisc
xistedattheo
ydeterminin
homogenous
ricalelemen
Eq(3) into
aminatesis

onstant (like
outersideof
ngtheheatb
sorthotropi

nt
Eq(6), the
obtainedas
twophase fl
laminate
balanceint
cmaterialis
following e
follows:
luidflowint
hiselement
sobtained:
quation for
hepipe)and
(9) -k
22
oI
or
= -q
ii
() + b(I -I

q
ii
()isthesolarradiationfluxanditcanbecalculatedfromthefollowingrelation:
(1u) q
ii
() = _
q
ii
Sin, u n
u, n < > 2n

Hence,temperaturecontinuityandheatfluxcontinuityshouldbeimplementedbetweentwolayers.The
followingrelationsarevalidatr = r
i
,whichistheboundarybetweentwolayersofiandi+1:
(11o) I

= I
+1

(11b)
oI

or
=
oI
+1
or

AnalyticalSolutionofHeatConductioninaCylindricalCompositeLaminate:
Inordertohomogenizetheboundaryconditions,theparameter0isdefinedas:
(r, , t) = I(r, , t) - I

Byapplyingthisdefinition,Eq(8)ischangedtofollowingform:
pC
o
ot
= k
22
1
r
o
or
_r
o
or
] +(m
I
2
k
11
+ n
I
2
k
22
)
1
r
2
o
2

o
2

(12)
0
0t
= u
r
1
r
0
0r
_r
0
0r
] + u
q
1
r
2
0
2

0q
2

Where,
(1So) o

=
k
22
pC

(1Sb) o
q
=
(m
I
2
k
11
+ n
I
2
k
22
)
pC

InitialCondition:
(14a) ot t = u:
I
(r, , u) = u: i = 1,2, , n
L

BoundaryCondition:
(14b) ot r = r
0
(inncr siJc):
1
(r
0
, , t) =
0
= I
0
- I

(14c) ot r = r
nL
(outcr siJc): k
22
o
(nL)
(r
nL
, , t)
or
= -q() + b
(nL)
(r
nL
, , t)
InterfaceCondition:
(14J) ot r = r

(bctwccn loycrs):
()
(r

, , t) =
(+1)
(r

, , t): i = 2,S, , n
L
- 1

(14c) ot r = r

(bctwccn loycrs):
o
()
(r

, , t)
or
=
o
(+1)
(r

, , t)
or
: i = 2,S, , n
L
-1
Fig:Arrangementoflayersinacylindricallaminate

Laplacetransformationhasbeenusedtochangeheatconductionequationfromtimedomain(t)tothefrequency
domain(s)
(1S) I((r, , t)) = (r, , s)
Therefore, applying Laplace transformation on Eq. (12), energy equation in the frequency domain is obtained as
follows:
(16) o

1
r
o
or
_r
o
or
_ +o
q
1
r
2
o
2

o
2
- s = u
Eq.(16)isasecondorderpartialdifferentialequationthatcouldbesolvedviatheseparationofvariablemethod
(17) (r, , s) = F(r)0()
ByapplyingEq.(17)intoEq.(16),heattransferequationwillbeseparatedasbelow:
(18o) r
2
F
ii
+ rF
i
- _
s
o

r
2
+
o
q
o

z
n
2
] F = u
(18b) 0
ii
+ z
n
2
0 = u
Solutionoftheaboveequationsisasfollows:
(19o) F(r) = c
1
i
I

(mr) +c
2
i
K

(mr)
(19b) 0() = c
3
i
cos(z
n
) + c
4
i
cos(z
n
)
Wherec
i
areconstantcoefficients,2
n
areeigenvalues,andthevaluesofvandmareasbelow:
(2uo) : = __
o
q
o

_z
n

(2ub) m = _
s
o

Duetoannularshapeofcompositelaminate,itisnecessaryfortemperaturedistributionanditsderivativestobe
continuousinangulardirection
(21o) 0(u) = 0(2n)
(21b) 0
i
(u) = 0
i
(2n)
(22) _
A
n
(cos(2nz
n
) - 1) + B
n
sin(2nz
n
) = u
A
n
sin(2nz
n
) -B
n
(cos(2nz
n
) - 1) = u

Thesetwoequationsarehomogenous.Therefore,theirresultsarezero,unlesstheyarelineardependent.Inother
words,ifthedeterminantofcoefficientsofequation(22)iszero,thentheresultofEq(22)isnonzero.
(2S) (cos(2nz
n
) - 1)
2
+sin
2
(2nz
n
) = u
BysolvingtrigonometricEq.(23),eigenvaluesofheattransferequationineachlayerarefound
(24) z
n
= n n = u,1,2,
RegardingEqs.(17),(19)and(24),thetemperaturedistributioninthecylindricalcompositelaminateisobtained
(2S)
()
(r, , t)
= o
0
()
I
0
(mr) +b
0
()
K
0
(mr)
+ ]|o
n
()
I

(i)(mr) +b
n
()
K

(i)(mr)]cos(n) + |c
n
()
I

(i) (mr) +J
n
()
K

(i) (mr)]sin(n)

n=1

ItshouldbementionedthattheorderofBesselfunction(:
()
)ineachlayerdependsondirectionoffibersinthat
layer.Here,o
n
()
, b
n
()
, c
n
()
& J
n
()
arenumericalseriesandtheyareobtainedfromboundaryconditionsatradial
direction.
Boundaryconditionthatinnersideofcylinder
BysubstitutingEq.(25)intotheboundaryconditionthatinnersideofcylinder(Eq.(14b)),thefollowingequationsare
obtained:
(26o) o
0
(1)
I
0
(mr
0
) + b
0
(1)
K
0
(mr
0
) =

0
s

(26b) o
n
(1)
I

(i) (mr
0
) +b
n
(1)
K

(i)(mr
0
) = u
(26c) c
n
(1)
I

(i)(mr
0
) + J
n
(1)
K

(i) (mr
0
) = u
InterfaceBoundaryConditions
Thefollowingequationsarefoundbyapplyingtemperatureintheboundarieslocatedbetweenlayers(Eqs.(14d)):
(27o) o
0
()
I
0
(mr

) +b
0
()
K
0
(mr

) - o
0
(+1)
I
0
(mr

) -b
0
(+1)
K
0
(mr

) = u
(27b) o
n
()
I

(i) (mr

) + b
n
()
K

(i)(mr

) -o
n
(+1)
I

(i+1) (mr

) - b
n
(+1)
K

(i+1) (mr

) = u
(27c) c
n
()
I

(i) (mr

) + J
n
()
K

(i)(mr

) - c
n
(+1)
I

(i+1) (mr

) - J
n
(+1)
K

(i+1) (mr

) = u
Thefollowingequationsarefoundbyapplyingheatfluxcontinuityintheboundarieslocatedbetweenlayers(Eqs.(14e)):

(27J) o
0
()
mI
1
(mr

) +b
0
()
mK
1
(mr

) - o
0
(+1)
mI
1
(mr

) -b
0
(+1)
mK
1
(mr

) = u
(27c) o
n
()
_mI

(i)
+1
(mr

) +
:
()
r

(i)(mr

)_ +b
n
()
_-mK

(i)
+1
(mr

) +
:
()
r

(i) (mr

)_
-o
n
(+1)
_mI

(i+1)
+1
(mr

) +
:
(+1)
r

(i+1) (mr

)_ -b
n
(+1)
_-mK

(i+1)
+1
(mr

) +
:
(+1)
r

(i+1) (mr

)_ = u
(27) c
n
()
_mI

(i)
+1
(mr

) +
:
()
r

(i)(mr

)_ +J
n
()
_-mK

(i)
+1
(mr

) +
:
()
r

(i)(mr

)_
-c
n
(+1)
_mI

(i+1)
+1
(mr

) +
:
(+1)
r

(i+1) (mr

)_ -J
n
(+1)
_-mK

(i+1)
+1
(mr

) +
:
(+1)
r

(i+1) (mr

)_ = u
Boundaryconditionthatoutersideofcylinder
Byapplyingtheboundaryconditionattheoutersideofcylinder(14c),wehave
(28o) o
0
(n
L
)
(mk
22
I
1
(mr
nL
) + bI
0
(mr
nL
)) +b
0
()
(-mk
22
K
1
(mr
nL
) + bK
0
(mr
nL
)) =
q
ii
ns

(28b) o
n
(nL)
_mk
22
I

(nL)
+1
(mr
nL
) +
:
(nL)
r
nL
k
22
I

(nL)(mr
nL
) +bI

(nL) (mr
nL
)_
+b
n
(nL)
_-mk
22
K

(i)
+1
(mr
nL
) +
:
(nL)
r
nL
k
22
K

(nL)(mr
nL
) +bK

(nL)(mr
nL
)_ = _
u - n = oJJ
2q
ii
ns(1 -n
2
)
- n = c:cn

(28c) c
n
(nL)
_mk
22
I

(nL)
+1
(mr
nL
) +
:
(nL)
r
nL
k
22
I

(nL)(mr
nL
) +bI

(nL)(mr
nL
)_
+J
n
(nL)
_-mk
22
K

(i)
+1
(mr
nL
) +
:
(nL)
r
nL
k
22
K

(nL)(mr
nL
) +bK

(nL)(mr
nL
)_ = _
q
ii
2s
- n = 1
u - n > 1

ByusingLUfactorizationtosolvethesetofEqs.(25),(26)&(27),theFouriercoefficientsofthetemperaturedistributionare
obtained:
(29o) o
o
()
=

0
s
|-mk
22
K
1
(mr
nI
) +bK
u
(mr
nI
)] -
q
ii
ns
K
u
(mr
u
)
I
u
(mr
u
)|-mk
22
K
1
(mr
nI
) +bK
u
(mr
nI
)] -K
u
(mr
u
)|mk
22
I
1
(mr
nI
) +bI
u
(mr
nI
)]

(29b) b
o
()
=

0
s
||-mk
22
I
1
(mr
nI
) -bI
u
(mr
nI
)]] -
q
ii
ns
I
u
(mr
u
)
I
u
(mr
u
)|-mk
22
K
1
(mr
nI
) +bK
u
(mr
nI
)] -K
u
(mr
u
)|mk
22
I
1
(mr
nI
) +bI
u
(mr
nI
)]

(29c) o
n
()
=
-q
ii
|(-1)
n+1
-1]
ns(n
2
-1)
y
m
2n
L
-1
m=2-1
n
m
2n
L
m=2-1

(29J) b
n
()
=
q
ii
|(-1)
n+1
-1]
ns(n
2
-1)
y
m
2n
L
-1
m=2
n
m
2n
L
m=2

(29c) c
n

= _
-q
ii
2s
y
m
2n
L
-1
m=2-1
n
m
2n
L
m=2-1
n = 1
u n > 1

(29) J
n

= _
q
ii
2s
y
m
2n
L
-1
m=2
n
m
2n
L
m=2
n = 1
u n > 1

Finally,theunsteadytemperaturedistributionofcylindricalcompositelaminateisobtainedbyapplyingtheinverseLaplace
transformationinEq.(25)
(Su)
()
(r, , t) = I
-1
]
()
(r, , s) =
1
2n]
_ c
st

()
(r, , s) Js
C+]
c-]

Whereciscomplexconstantandtherealpartofthisconstantislessthantherealpartof .Here,inverseLaplacetransformation
of(i)isobtainedusingpropertiesofMeromorphicfunctions.