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1 Aluminium is used for electric cables.

State one other use of aluminium.

Give a reason for this use in terms of the properties of aluminium.

use of aluminium ....................................................................................................................

reason for this use .................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

2 A list of substances is shown.

aluminium oxide carbon dioxide carbon monoxide chlorine copper

glucose iron(III) oxide limestone nitrogen oxygen

Answer the questions using the substances in the list.

Each substance may be used once, more than once or not at all.

State which substance is:

(a) a product of respiration

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) the main constituent of hematite

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) an element which has a sulfate that is used to test for water

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) a colourless toxic gas

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(e) a reactant in fermentation

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(f) a reducing agent in the extraction of iron

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(g) a conductor of electricity when solid

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
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(h) a gas that is approximately 21% of clean, dry air.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 8]

3 Stainless steel is an alloy.

Give one use of stainless steel.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

4 Name the element which is used to galvanise iron.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

5 Iron can be made into stainless steel.

(a) Give one use of stainless steel.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Describe one advantage of stainless steel compared with pure iron.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 2]

6 (a) Use words from the list to complete these sentences about how steel is made from iron.

acidic basic chlorides methane neutral

nitrogen oxides oxygen sulfates

A gas is blown through the molten iron. The name of this gas is .....................................

Acidic gases are formed. These acidic gases react with .................................................. [3]

(b) State one use of mild steel.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 4]

7 Some elements are shown in the order they appear in the reactivity series.

The most reactive element is at the top.

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sodium

calcium

magnesium

aluminium

zinc

iron

hydrogen

copper

Answer the questions using the list of elements.

Each element may be used once, more than once or not at all.

Identify:

(a) a non-metal

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) a metal which is stored under oil

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) the main component of steel

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) a metal with three electrons in the outer shell of its atoms

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(e) a metal found in brass

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(f) a metal that forms chlorides of the type XCl2 and XCl3

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(g) Name two metals from the list which are extracted by reduction of their ores using carbon.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................ [2]

[Total: 8]
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8 Name the alloy that contains zinc and copper only.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

9 Some properties of four substances, A, B, C and D, are shown in the table.

ductility
(how easy it is conductivity
substance strength hardness
to pull into a of heat
wire)

A weak poor hard poor

B strong not ductile very hard good

C very strong very good hard good

D weak poor soft good

Answer these questions using only the information in the table.

(a) State which substance, A, B, C or D, is best used in the core of an overhead electricity cable.

Explain your answer.

substance ........................................................................................................................

explanation ......................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [3]

(b) State which substance, A, B, C or D, is best used for the tip of a drill.

Explain your answer.

substance ........................................................................................................................

explanation ......................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 6]
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10 Complete these sentences about the uses of aluminium using words from the list.

conductivity corrosion density heavy

malleability reduction strong weak

Aluminium is used in the manufacture of aircraft because it is relatively

...................................... and has a low ...................................... . Aluminium is used

for food containers because of its resistance to ................................. . [3]

[Total: 3]

11 Alloys of copper are used to make coins.

(a) What is meant by the term alloy?

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Suggest why an alloy of copper is used to make coins instead of using pure copper.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 2]

12 Iron is a transition element.

(a) Which two substances react with iron to form rust?

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................ [2]

(b) Which metal is used to galvanise iron?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 3]

13 Stainless steel is an alloy of iron.

(a) What is meant by the term alloy?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Give one common use of stainless steel.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
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[Total: 2]

14 Iron does not rust when it is completely coated with zinc. When the zinc is scratched, the iron still
does not rust.

(a) Explain why the iron does not rust when it is completely coated with zinc.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Explain why the iron still does not rust when the zinc is scratched.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 4]

15 The following formulae represent different substances.

Al Ag CaCO3 CH4 Cl2 Cu SO2

State which of these substances is used to make food containers.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

16 The following are the symbols and formulae of some elements and compounds.

Ar Ca(OH)2 Cl2 CO2 Cu Fe SO2 V2O5

State which element or compound is used as an electrical conductor in cables.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

17 Cobalt is added to iron to make steel alloys.

(a) What is meant by the term alloy?

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
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(b) Give one reason why alloys are used instead of pure metals.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 2]

18 The table shows some properties of four metals.

density in melting point relative relative electrical

metal 3
g / cm in °C strength conductivity

aluminium 2.7 660 7 9

cobalt 8.9 1495 21 4

gallium 5.9 30 1 1

nickel 8.9 1455 20 3

Answer these questions using only the information shown in the table.

(a) Which metal is most suitable to make the body of an aircraft?

Give a reason for your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Which metal is most suitable to use for overhead power cables?
Give a reason for your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) Which two metals in the table are transition elements?

.................................................................and ....................................................... [1]

[Total: 5]

19 The table shows the properties of four substances.

electrical electrical
boiling density
substance conductivity conductivity 3
point in g / cm
of solid when molten

aluminium high conducts conducts 2.70

diamond 3.51

potassium bromide high does not conduct conducts 2.75

sulfur low does not conduct 2.07

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(a) Complete the table to show the electrical conductivity of solid diamond and molten sulfur. [2]

(b) Give one piece of evidence from the table that shows that sulfur is a simple covalent substance.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) What information in the table shows that potassium bromide is an ionic compound?

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(d) (i) State one property of aluminium given in the table which makes it suitable for making
aircraft.

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Aluminium oxide is obtained from the ore bauxite.

What method is used to extract aluminium from aluminium oxide?

................................................................................................................................ [1]

[Total: 7]

20
(a) Give one common use of mild steel.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Give one common use of stainless steel.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 2]

21 The table shows the properties of some metals.

Use the information in the table to answer the questions.

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(a) Which metal would be most useful for making overhead power cables?
Give two reasons for your answer.

metal ................................

reason 1 ............................................................................................................................

reason 2 ............................................................................................................................ [2]

(b) Why is iron and not tungsten used to reinforce concrete?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) The front part of a space rocket is called a nose cone. The nose cone gets very hot as the
space rocket moves through the air.

Which metal is best to make a space rocket nose cone? Explain your answer.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 4]

22 The table shows the properties of some types of steel.

resistance
type density relative relative
3 to
of steel in g / cm strength hardness
corrosion

L 7.80 poor 4.8 200

N 7.82 very good 5.1 210

M 7.85 good 4.6 210

Which type of steel, L, M or N, would be best to reinforce concrete?

Give two reasons for your answer.

type of steel .......................

reason 1 ...................................................................................................................................

reason 2 ................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

23 State one use of aluminium. Give a reason why it is used for this purpose.

use ...........................................................................................................................................

reason ...................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]
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24 The diagram shows an electrical cable.

plastic coating

metal core

Which statement about the substances used is correct?

A The coating is plastic because it conducts electricity well.

B The core is copper because it conducts electricity well.
C The core is copper because it is cheap and strong.
D The core is iron because it is cheap and strong.
[1]

[Total: 1]

25 Steel is an alloy of iron. Write about alloys of iron.

In your answer refer to:

- the meaning of the term alloy,

- why alloys are used instead of pure iron,
- an example of the use of an alloy of iron.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 4]

26 Iron from the Blast Furnace is impure. It contains about 5% of impurities, mainly carbon, sulfur,
silicon and phosphorus, which have to be removed when this iron is converted into steel.

Mild steel is the most common form of steel. Mild steel contains a maximum of 0.3% of carbon.

High carbon steel contains 2% of carbon. It is less malleable and much harder than mild steel.
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(a) Give a use of mild steel.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Suggest a use of high carbon steel.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Explain why metals are malleable.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [3]

(d) Suggest an explanation why high carbon steel is less malleable and harder than mild steel.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 7]

27 Aluminium is in Group III of the Periodic Table.

Explain why aluminium is often used in containers for food and drinks.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

28 A major use of aluminium is the manufacture of pots and pans. One reason for this is its resistance
to corrosion.

(a) Explain why aluminium, a reactive metal, is resistant to corrosion.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
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(b) Suggest two other reasons why aluminium is suitable for making pots and pans.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 3]

29 Zinc is an important metal. Its uses include making alloys and the construction of dry cells (batteries).

Name an alloy which contains zinc. What is the other metal in this alloy?

name of alloy.............................................................................................................................

other metal in alloy.................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

30 The table shows some properties of four alloys.

thermal
alloy density in g / conductivity in
strength / GPa 3
cm W/m/K

low strength steel 250 7.70 60

high strength steel 300 7.90 56

low strength aluminium 70 2.72 170

high strength aluminium 220 2.80 100

(a) How does the strength of the steel and aluminium alloys vary with their thermal conductivity?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Which one of these alloys is the best one to use to make the body of an aircraft?
Give two reasons for your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 4]
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31 Steel is an alloy.

State one use of:

mild steel, .................................................................................................................................

stainless steel. ......................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

32 Zinc is obtained from the ore, zinc blende, ZnS.

State two major uses of zinc.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]