Pakistan International School Jeddah – English Section

Department of chemistry
Academic Session 2023-2024

Mid-term Exam Review Pack

Name: __________________
Grade: Y10- _____
1.
melting point boiling point electrical conductivity electrical conductivity
substance / °C / °C as a solid as a liquid

A 839 1484 good good

B –188 –42 poor poor

C 776 1497 poor good

D
–

117 78 poor poor

E 1607 2227 poor poor

F –5 102 poor good

(a) Which substance could be a metal?

[1]

(b) State all the substances that are liquid at room temperature.

[1]

(c) Which substance could have a macromolecular structure similar to that of silicon(IV) oxide?

[1]

(d) Which substance could be sodium chloride?

[1]

[Total: 4]

1
2.
 [Total: 8]

(b) The diagrams represent the same number of particles of a gas in two containers, D and E,
which have different volumes. The two containers are at the same temperature.

D E

In which container will the pressure be higher? Explain your answer.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
3. Complete the following table which gives the number of protons, electrons and neutrons in each
of the five particles.

number of number of number of

particle
protons electrons neutrons

19 19 20
..............
56
26 Fe
.............. .............. ..............
3 2 4
..............
70 3+
31 Ga
.............. .............. ..............
34 36 45
..............
[Total: 8]

4. (a)
b. Magnesium reacts with chlorine to form magnesium chloride, MgCl 2.

c. One physical property typical of ionic compounds, such as MgCl 2 , is that they are
soluble in water.

Give two other physical properties that are typical of ionic compounds.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]

d. Aqueous silver nitrate is added to aqueous magnesium chloride.

A white precipitate forms.

Write an ionic equation for this reaction. Include state symbols.

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
5 (a)

(b)

6 (a) Aqueous ammonium sulfate, (NH4 )2SO4, is warmed with aqueous sodium hydroxide.

The pungent-smelling gas ammonia, NH3, is produced.

Balance the equation for this reaction.

(NH4) 2SO4 + ......NaOH → ......NH3 + ......H2O + Na2SO4 [1]

(b) A 2.8 g sample of impure ammonium sulfate is found to contain 0.7 g of impurities.

Calculate the percentage of ammonium sulfate in this sample.

percentage of ammonium sulfate = .............................. % [1]

2
(c) Ammonia gas is prepared at the front of a laboratory.

The pungent smell of ammonia spreads throughout the laboratory slowly.

(i) Name the process that occurs when ammonia gas spreads throughout the laboratory.

.......................................................................................................................................

[1]

(ii) Explain, using ideas about particles, why ammonia gas spreads throughout the laboratory.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iii) Explain why carbon dioxide gas, CO2 , will spread throughout the laboratory at a slower
rate than ammonia gas, NH3.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) Ammonia is produced in the Haber process.

The equation for the reaction is shown.

N2(g) + 3H 2(g) → 2NH3 (g)

(i) In the Haber process, a temperature of 450 °C and a pressure of 200 atmospheres are
used in the presence of finely‑divided iron.

A larger equilibrium yield of ammonia would be produced if a lower temperature and a

higher pressure are used.

Explain why a lower temperature and a higher pressure are not used.

lower temperature ...............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

higher pressure ...................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) Suggest the pH of aqueous ammonia.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

3
7 (a) Nitrogen reacts with fluorine to form nitrogen trifluoride, NF3.

(i) The chemical equation can be represented as shown.

N≡N + 3 F–F  2 F–N–F

F

Some bond energies are shown in the table.

bond bond energy in kJ / mol

N≡N 945
F–F 160
N–F 300

Calculate the energy change for the reaction between nitrogen and fluorine, using the
following steps:

● energy taken in to break bonds

.............................. kJ

● energy released when bonds are formed

.............................. kJ

● energy change during the reaction.

.............................. kJ / mol
[3]

(ii) Use your answer to (i) to deduce whether this reaction is endothermic or exothermic.
Explain your answer.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

4
(iii) Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement in a molecule of
NF3.

Use dots for nitrogen electrons and crosses for fluorine electrons.

Show outer electrons only.

F N F

[3]

(b) Lithium nitride melts at 813 °C. Nitrogen trifluoride melts at –206 °C.

Explain in terms of attractive forces why lithium nitride has a much higher melting point than
nitrogen trifluoride.

In your answer refer to the types of attractive forces between particles and their relative
strengths.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [3]

5
8.

(vi) Write the ionic half-equation for the formation of aluminium during the electrolysis.

................................................................................................................................................... [1]

6
 .
9

(i)
10. Three ways of making salts are

● titration using a soluble base or carbonate

● neutralisation using an insoluble base or carbonate
● precipitation.

(a) Complete the following table of salt preparations.

method reagent 1 reagent 2 salt

titration ................................... ................................... sodium nitrate

................................... ...................................

neutralisation nitric acid ................................... copper(II) nitrate

...................................

precipitation ................................... ................................... silver(I) chloride

................................... ...................................

neutralisation sulfuric acid zinc(II) carbonate ...................................

...................................
[6]

(b) (i) Write an ionic equation with state symbols for the preparation of silver(I) chloride.

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) Complete the following equation.

ZnCO3 + H2SO4 → ............... + ............... + ...............

[2]

[Total: 10]

8
11. Copper(II) oxide reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid.

CuO(s) + 2HCl (aq) CuCl 2(aq) + H 2O(l)

6.00 g of copper( II) oxide were added to 50.0 cm3 of 1.00 mol / dm3 hydrochloric acid. This was an
excess of copper(II) oxide.
(a) (i) Calculate the number of moles of copper(II) oxide added to the hydrochloric acid.

moles of copper(II) oxide = ............................. mol [2]

(ii) Calculate the number of moles of hydrochloric acid used.

moles of hydrochloric acid = ............................. mol [1]

(iii) Calculate the mass of copper(II) oxide that did not react.

mass of copper(II) oxide that did not react = ............................. g [2]

(b) Crystals of hydrated copper(II) chloride were obtained from the solution at the end of the
reaction.

The crystals had the following composition by mass: Cl, 41.52%; Cu, 37.43%; H, 2.34%;
O, 18.71%.

Calculate the empirical formula of the crystals.

empirical formula = ............................. [2]

10
12. (a) When aqueous sodium hydroxide is added to aqueous iron(II) sulfate, a precipitate forms.

(i) What colour is this precipitate?

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Write the ionic equation for this reaction. Include state symbols.

....................................................................................................................................... [3]
.......................................................................................................................................

(b)

(c) Deduce the charge on the iron ion in each of these compounds.

FeF3 ...........................................................................................................................................

Fe(NO3) 3 ....................................................................................................................................
[2]

11
13.

13
14. At most temperatures, samples of nitrogen dioxide are equilibrium mixtures.

2NO2 (g) N2O 4(g)

dark brown pale yellow

(i) At 25 °C, the mixture contains 20 % of nitrogen dioxide. At 100 °C this has risen to
90 %. Is the forward reaction exothermic or endothermic?
Give a reason for your choice.

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) Explain why the colour of the equilibrium mixture becomes lighter when the pressure
on the mixture is increased.

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

14
15. Ammonia is a compound which only contains the elements nitrogen and hydrogen. It is a
weak base.

(a) (i) Define the term base.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Given aqueous solutions of ammonia and sodium hydroxide, both having a
concentration of 0.1 mol / dm 3, how could you show that ammonia is the weaker
base?

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) The position of tin in the reactivity series is:

zinc
iron
tin
copper

For each of the following, decide if a reaction would occur. If there is a reaction,
complete the equation, otherwise write ‘no reaction’.

Cu + Sn2+ → ..........................................

Fe + Sn2+ → ..........................................

Sn + Zn2+ → .......................................... [4]

15
16. 20.0 g of small lumps of calcium carbonate and 40 cm3 of hydrochloric acid, concentration
2.0 mol / dm3 , were placed in a flask on a top pan balance. The mass of the fl ask and contents
was recorded every minute.
.
cotton wool to prevent
drops of acid spray escaping

flask

40 cm3 of hydrochloric acid, 2.0 mol / dm3

20.0 g of small lumps of

calcium carbonate

balance

The mass of carbon dioxide given off was plotted against time.

mass of
carbon dioxide

0
0 time
CaCO3(s) + 2HCl (aq)  CaCl 2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

In all the experiments mentioned in this question, the calcium carbonate was in excess.

(a) (i) Explain how you could determine the mass of carbon dioxide given off in the first five
minutes.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) Label the graph F where the reaction rate is the fastest, S where it is slowing down
and 0 where the rate is zero. [2]

(iii) Explain how the shape of the graph shows where the rate is fastest, where it is
slowing down and where the rate is zero.

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) Sketch on the same graph, the line which would have been obtained if 20.0 g of small
lumps of calcium carbonate and 80 cm 3 of hydrochloric acid, concentration 1.0 mol / dm3,
had been used. [2]

16
 (c) Explain in terms of collisions between reacting particles each of the following.

(i) The reaction rate would be slower if 20.0 g of larger lumps of calcium carbonate and
40 cm3 of hydrochloric acid, concentration 2.0 mol / dm3 , were used.

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) The reaction rate would be faster if the experiment was carried out at a higher
temperature.

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

17.
 The Periodic Table of Elements
Group
I II III IV V VI VII VIII
1 2
H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
7 9 relative atomic mass 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
–

17
85 88 89 91 93 96 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
lanthanoids
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
– – –

133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
Fr Ra actinoids Db Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Fl Lv
Rf Sg Cn
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium flerovium livermorium
– – – – – – – – – – – – –

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71

lanthanoids La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
–

139 140 141 144 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
actinoids Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
– – – – – – – – – – – –

232 231 238

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).