4. What are the three major points of the cell theory?

-All living things are made up of cells -Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things -Living cells only come from other living cells 5. Name four features all cells have in common? -Cell membrane -DNA -Cytoplasm -Ribosomes 6. Draw up a table to compare the two major types of cells. Include the name of each type of cell, their size, structural differences and examples. Name Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

size

Small

Big

-No nucleus Structural differences -no organelles

-Have a nucleus with a double membrane bound - cytoplasm is filled with working organelles

7. Which organelles is found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? - Both cells have vacuoles 8. Draw up a table to summarise the function of different parts of the cell. Use the following headings: cell part, structure, function and visibility. 9. What would you look for to determine if a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic? -look for any membrane bound organelle or a nucleus. If there isnt any organelles than the cell is prokaryotic 10. What would you look for to determine if a cell is from a plant or an animal? -look for a cell wall because only plant cells have a cell wall and also look for chloroplast too.

-Resolution is how clear you can see something and magnification is how close or big you can see something.

12. How is the magnification of an object with a light microscope calculated? -you multiply the lenses together. The eye piece is at 10x and the other lenses are 4x 40x and 100x so which ever lens you use while looking through the eye piece you just multiply them together. 13. Draw up a table to compare the human eye, the light microscope and the electron microscope. Consider magnification, how they work, advantages and disadvantages. 14. Stains are often used for looking at cells with a light microscope. Why are they used? -Light microscopes shine light through specimen so we can see them easier, with the use of stain it enhances the contrast of the cell so we can easily identify its organelles and structure. 53. List four factors that increase the rate of diffusion. - The concentration in gradient -Temperature ( higher temperature will give particles the energy to move quicker) -Diffusion difference (wall thickness) -Diffusion materials (materials made of lighter atoms will diffuse faster than thicker ones) 54. Explain why an animal cell placed in distilled water will burst whereas a plant cell placed in distilled water will not bust. In your answer show that you understand what is meant by osmosis. -Plant cells have a rigid cell wall whereas animal cells dont. If cells were to be placed in water osmosis will occur which is the net movement of water in and out of the cell. The plants cell wall will help keep them from expanding too much. 55. List six functions of membranes in general.
1.separate the interior of the cell from the outside environment. 2.controls the entrance and exit of substance in/out the cell (selective permeability). 3.give the cell the definite shave 4.connect cells together by plasmodesmata and help in forming tissue 5.help in signaling, may be contain some kind of receptor for such signals 6.adhering of cells on surfaces e.g. helps in transformation and conjugation in bacteria 7.help in maintain cell potential

56. Membranes are selectively (partially or semi) permeable. What does this mean?

-this means that it will only allow certain particles to pass through