Name: Laxamana, Carl Laurence H.

Date: 10-15-22
Course & Section: BS ES-1A-M Score: ________

Lecture Activity No. 4

Plant Cell
A. Overview:
The cell is the fundamental unit of life. It performs many life processes: it takes in
food, breakdown food molecules, build new parts, get rid of waste materials and
reproduce. All these and more are made possible through the proper coordination of its
organelles.
In this activity, you will identify ten (10) organelles or structures present in the
plant cell using descriptive clues about their appearance and function. You will also be
given a chance to write your own story line considering the other plant cell structures.

B. Objective: Identify the animal cell structures and functions.

C. Materials: stories cell meeting involving ten animal cell structures and illustration.
D. Procedure:
1. Read the storyline about a meeting of top ten cell structures.
2. Analyze what the cell structures have stated and try to identify who is talking
following the given description. Enter your answer chronologically on the column
mark cell structure.
3. Analyze the role or function played by each structure and categorize it as to
synthesis, breakdown, control, protection and transport.
4. Write number one (1) on the designated box corresponding to the function and
zero (0) if the function is not performed at all. Note that there are cell structures,
which may perform more than one function.

CELL MEETING
Top ten cell structures are called upon to talk about the role they play in the well
being of the cell. Everyone is aware that each is associated with a specific process of the
cell’s activity and collectively they form the basic building blocks of life.

Mr. Nucleus who is seated at the center is appointed, the meeting director. He
carefully listened and jotted down what each cell structures has said. After everybody has
finished his or her turn, Mr. Nucleus categorized the functions cited into five major
divisions: synthesis, breakdown, control, protection and transport.
Let us try to figure out what were actually said in the meeting:
1. They say I am selective. Who cares! I ought to be for I communicate with our
outside world and acts as barrier that regulates the entrance and exit of materials
in the cell. Plasma Membrane
2. I maybe single membrane bounded and small, but I am regarded to be super
strong. Every time food enters the cell I readily act on it, digest and make it
suitable for cell use. Lysosome
3. I am made up of flattened sacs; it is I who does the packaging of all cell
products. I also prepare proteins for secretion after Mr. E.R releases them. Golgi
Apparatus
 4. I am green, oval disk for I am chlorophyll rich. I am called the tiny food factory of
the living world. Chloroplast
5. I am bean-shaped body in the cytoplasm regarded as the site of cellular
respiration. I provide the cell the energy it needs and as such, I am termed as the
cells’ “powerhouse”. Mitochondria
6. I am often attached to Mr. ER but can also be found all throughout the cytoplasm.
I maybe small but mind you; I am responsible for making proteins, the building
blocks of life. Ribosome
7. I am more like a bubble in the cell getting bigger each day. I can either store food
particles or expel excess water and wastes from the cell. In plants, I appear
bigger and more in number. Vacuole
8. Though I am limited to plants, I can surely take good care of her. I clothed, give
shape and will forever guard her against mechanical injury. Cytoskeleton
9. We two always come in pair. We are found lying just outside the nucleus of an
animal cell. When the cell reaches maturity, we initiate the move to make her
reproduce. Centrioles
10. Well, as you can see I contain the miracle threads of life that determine what
the cell is going to be like. Never take me out, or else all other cell functions will
stop. Chromatin

Data:
CELL PARTS AND FUNCTIONS

CELL FUNCTIONS
STRUCTURE SYNTHESIS BREAKDOWN CONTROL PROTECTION TRANSPORT
1. Plasma 0 0 1 1 1
Membrane
2. Lysosome 0 1 0 0 0
3. Golgi 1 0 0 0 1
Apparatus
4. Chloroplast 1 0 0 0 0
5. Mitochondria 1 1 1 0 0
6. Ribosome 1 0 0 0 1
7. Vacuole 0 1 0 0 0
8. Cytoskeleton 0 0 0 1 0
9. Centrioles 0 1 0 0 0
10. Chromatin 1 0 0 0 1

Analysis
1. Each cell in an organism has all of the basic parts. Each has a function that benefits
the other cells, how might the presence of different cell structures in plant and animal help
them perform their functions as an organism. Explain.
Organelles are small structures found inside cells. These organelles function
similarly to human organs in that they keep the cell alive. Each organelle serves a
specific purpose in the cell's survival
2. Which part of a plant cell is its control center? What does the cell’s control center do?
The nucleus is the cell's command and control center. It is the largest organelle in
the cell and contains the cell's DNA. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) contains all of
the information required for cells to live, function, and reproduce. The nucleolus
is another organelle found within the nucleus.
3. How are mitochondria and chloroplasts alike? How are they different? Mitochondria
and chloroplast are plant cell organelles. However, chloroplasts are absent in
animals, but mitochondria are present in both. Mitochondria use oxygen and
nutrients to generate energy for the cell in the form of ATP. In a plant cell, the
chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis.
4. A plant cell secretes a protein. Trace the protein’s production, packaging, and release
from the cell. A secretory protein is a protein that is secreted by a cell. Ribosomes
attached to the endoplasmic reticulum produce these proteins (rough
endoplasmic reticulum). The proteins are then transported in the form of vesicles
from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the cis-Golgi apparatus, where they
undergo various modifications such as sugar addition. Following modification,
these proteins are repackaged in vesicles that fuse with the cell membrane and
are secreted from the cell.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum -> Golgi Apparatus -> Cell Membrane

5. Describe the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure. Make sure you use the
following terms: hydrophilic, hydrophobic, phospholipid, protein, bilayer, fluid, and
mosaic. Singer-Nicolson model, or the fluid mosaic model. "Mosaic" refers to the
different components that make up the membrane including proteins,
carbohydrates, and lipids. This model is currently regarded as the best. The
membrane's primary fabric is made up of amphiphilic, or dual-loving,
phospholipid molecules. These molecules' hydrophilic or water-loving areas are
in contact with the aqueous fluid both inside and outside the cell. Hydrophobic,
or water-hating, molecules are typically non-polar. A phospholipid molecule is
made up of a three-carbon glycerol backbone, two fatty acid molecules attached
to carbons 1 and 2, and a phosphate-containing group attached to carbon 3. This
arrangement gives the overall molecule a polar character or negative charge in
 the area known as the head (the phosphate-containing group) and no charge in
the area known as the tail (the fatty acids). In chemical reactions, they interact
with other non-polar molecules but not with polar molecules. Hydrophobic
molecules tend to form a ball or cluster when placed in water. The hydrophilic
regions of phospholipids form hydrogen bonds with water and other polar
molecules on both the inside and outside of the cell. As a result, the membrane
surfaces facing the cell's interior and exterior are hydrophilic. The middle of the
cell membrane, on the other hand, is hydrophobic and will not interact with water.
Phospholipids, as a result, form an excellent lipid bilayer cell membrane that
separates fluid within the cell from fluid outside the cell.
6. How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ? Give an example of each kind of cell.
Membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus, are found in eukaryotic cells.
Eukaryotes, which include you, me, plants, fungi, and insects, can be single-
celled or multi-celled. Prokaryotes include bacteria as an example. Prokaryotic
cells lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
E. Labelling
Directions: Label the following plant cell structure and give the function of each.

Plasma Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Nuclear Envelope Cell wall
Nucleus Membrane
Nuclear Pores

Vacuole Vacuolar
Nucleolus
Membrane

Chromatin

Rough
Endoplasmic
Vesicle
Reticulum
Mitochondria Cristae
Ribosome
Golgi Body Granum
Stroma
Chloroplasts Thylakoid
No. Cell Structure Function
1 Cell Wall It provides tensile
strength as well as
resistance to
mechanical and
osmotic stress.
2 Plasma Membrane In addition to offering a
cell protection, it also
maintains a consistent
environment inside the
cell.
3 Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum It generates steroids,
phospholipids like those
found in plasma
membranes, and lipid
4 Vacuole It contributes in keeping
water balanced and
sequestering waste.
5 Vacuolar Membrane It isolates the exterior
cellular cytoplasm, or
cytosol, from the inner
vacuole, or vacuole
lume
6 Mitochondria Majority of the chemical
energy required to drive
the cell's metabolic
operations is produced
by it
7 Cristae It enhances the
mitochondrion's ability
to produce ATP.
8 Granum It serves as the site of
the photosynthesis' light
reaction
9 Thylakoid It captures light energy,
converting it to the
chemical energy forms
of
ATP and NADPH
10 Chloroplast It transforms light
energy into chemical
 energy that is
reasonably
stable through the
photosynthetic process,
11 Stroma In addition to removing
waste and surplus fluid,
it feeds the tissue or
organ with nutrients
12 Vesicle help transport materials
that an organism needs
to survive and recycle
waste materials. They
can also absorb and
destroy toxic substances
and pathogens to
prevent cell damage and
infection
13 Golgi Body It functions as a factory
where proteins taken
from the ER are further
processed and sorted in
preparation for delivery
to their respective
destination
14. Ribosome It acts as a cell's site for
protein production.
15. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum It makes proteins
necessary for the
remainder of the cell to
opera
16. Chromatin Numerous cell activities,
such as DNA replication,
transcription, DNA
repair, genetic
recombination, and cell
division, are made
possible by
it.
17. Nucleolus It produces and
assemble the cell's
ribosomes. Ribosomal
RNA genes
are also translated at
this location
18. Nuclear Pores It is a substantial protein
complex that makes it
possible for ions and
tiny molecules to freely
flow into or out of the
nucleus.
19. Nuclear Envelope It provides the nucleus'
structural framework
and isolates the nucleus'
contents from the
cytoplasm
20. Nucleus The cell's metabolism,
growth, and even the
carrying of genes with
genetic information are
all controlled and
regulated by the nucleus