Tutorial: 8 (Solutions) Date: 26/03/13 1.

After passing the received signal through a narrow-band filter of bandwidth 8 kHz centered on kHz, we get ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ( ) and Where ( ) is the narrow-band noise produced at the filter output, and ( ) are its in-phase and quadrature components. Coherent detection of ( ) yields the output ( ) ( ) ( ) The average power of the modulated wave is where is the average power of is ( ). To calculate the average power of the in-phase noise component ( ), we refer to the spectra shown in Fig.1: Part (a) of Fig. 1 shows the power spectral density of the noise ( ), and a superposition of the frequency response of the narrow-band filter. ( ) produced at the filter Part (b) shows the power spectral density of the noise output. Part (c) shows the power spectral density of the in-phase component ( ) of ( ). Note that since the bandwidth of the filter is small compared to the carrier frequency , we have approximated the spectral characteristic of ( ) to be flat at the level of ( ) is (from Fig. 1c): Hence, the average power of ( )( ) The output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is therefore Expressing this result in decibels, we have an output SNR of 31 dB ( ) ( W/Hz) 8 Khz

-400 a

400

f(kHz)

( ) ( W/Hz) 8 Khz

0 b ( ) (W/Hz)

f(kHz)

8 KHz

f(KHz) c. Figure- 1 2. We know that the quadrature components of a narrow-band noise have autocorrelations: ( ) Where of ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

( ) the autocorrelation of the narrow-band noise is, ( ) is the Hilbert transform is the band center. The cross-correlations of the quadrature components are ( ) a. For a DSBSC systems, ( ) ( ) Where ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ( ) ( ) ( ) ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

( ), and

( )

is the carrier frequency, and

( ) is the autocorrelation function of the narrow .

- band noise on the interval

b. For an SSB system using the lower sideband, ( ) ( ) Where in this case, . c. For an SSB system with only the upper sideband transmitted, the correlations are similar to (b) above, expect that ( band noise is on the interval ) is replaced by ( . ), and the narrow( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ( ( ( ) ) ) ) ( ) ( ) ( ( ( ( ) ) ) )

( ) is the autocorrelation of the narrow-band noise on the interval

3. (a) The power spectral density of in-phase component or quadrature component is defined by ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) { We note that, for ,the ( ) ( 1.0 ) and ( ) are as shown below:

f -1 0 2

1.0

f -2 We thus find that ( ) or 0 1 ( ) is shown below:

( ) 2.0

( )

0.5

f -2 -1 0 1 2

(b) The cross spectral density We therefore find that ( ) ( )

( ) is defined by: is as shown below:

0.5

-2

-1 0 -0.5 1 2

Next we,note that ( ) ( )

We thus find that

( ) is as shown below:

( ) 0.5

0 -2 -1

2 f

-0.5

4. (a) Express the noise ( ) in terms of its in-phase and qudrature phase components as follows:

( ) The envelope of ( ) is

( )

()

( )

( )

()

Which is Rayleigh distributed. That is ( ) { ( )

To evaluate the value of as follows: ( )

,we note that the power spectral density of ( )

( ) or

( ) is

-B

Since the mean of ( ) is zero, we find that

Therefore ( ) { ( )

(b) The mean value of the envelope is equal to .

, and its variance is equal to