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Issue No.: 2 Title Page

CON 5.12 Revision No.: 1 Page 1 of 1 6.6.12

Technical Procedures Manual TPM (Issue No. 2) CON 5.12 : Determination of Concretes Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration to CS1:2010, Vol. 2, Section 19
DOCUMENT REVISION RECORD
Section No.
Title Page Amendment Summary

Revision No./Date Initial Release 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

6.6.12

Contents 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Appendix 3 Appendix 4 Appendix 5 Appendix 6 6.6.12 Appendix 7 Approved by W.C. Leung W.C. Leung
SE C/L SE C/L

6.6.12

16.4.12

Issued by

M.F. Lau SGE/L

M.F. Lau SGE/L

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Issue No.: 2

CON 5.12 Revision No.: 1 Page 1 of 1

Amd. Summary

6.6.12

AMENDMENT SUMMARY
Amendment Date: 6.6.12 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Section 3: Sample Preparation & Conditioning was revised. Section 4: Procedure was revised. Section 5: Q s was changed to Q a . Appendix 6: Worksheet format was revised. Appendix 7: Test report format was revised.

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Issue No.: 2 Contents

CON 5.12 Revision No.: Page 1 of 1 16.4.12

CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE AMENDMENT SUMMARY CONTENTS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. SCOPE APPARATUS SAMPLE PREPARATION AND CONDITIONING PROCEDURE CALCULATION AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS REPORTING OF RESULTS NOTES

APPENDIX 1 APPENDIX 2 APPENDIX 3 APPENDIX 4 APPENDIX 5 APPENDIX 6 APPENDIX 7

: : : : : : :

APPLIED VOLTAGE CELL BRASS SHIM AND SCREEN CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF APPLIED LOAD CELL UNCERTAINTY SAMPLE UNCERTAINTY CALCULATION SHEET SAMPLE WORKSHEET SAMPLE TEST REPORT

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Issue No.: 2

CON 5.12 Revision No.: Page 1 of 2

Sections 1 & 2

16.4.12

1. 1.1

SCOPE This method sets out the procedure for determination of electrical conductance of concrete to provide a rapid indication of its resistance to the penetration of chloride ions in accordance with CS1:2010, Vol. 2 : Section 19. The details of the test method apply to specimens with actual diameters ranging from 95 mm to 102 mm.

1.2

2. 2.1

APPARATUS Applied Voltage Cell Two symmetric polymethyl methacrylate chambers, each containing an electrically conductive brass shim and screen. A typical cell is shown in Appendix 1. Brass Shim A brass ring with external diameter 100 mm, engraved an area of 75 mm diameter, 0.5 mm thickness. A typical shim is shown in Appendix 2. Brass Screen Screen of mesh with aperture 0.85 mm (No. 20), 100 mm diameter was soldered between two brass shims. A typical screen is shown in Appendix 2. Electric Wire An insulated copper wire 1.6 mm diameter (No. 14) shall be soldered between two brass shims. Constant Voltage Power Supply Capable of holding voltage constant at 600.1 V over 0-2A range of currents. Multimeter, Dual Display Capable of measuring 60 V dc and current up to 2 A across applied voltage cell over the entire test. Voltage should be accurate to 0.1 V dc and current accurate to 1 mA. Thermocouple Probe and Readout Thermocouple probes and readout shall be 0 to 120oC range and can be readable to 0.1C and accurate to 0.5C. Specimen-Cell Sealant Silicone rubber caulking capable of sealing concrete to the cell against water, dilute sodium hydroxide and sodium chloride solution at temperatures up to 90C. Sodium Chloride Solution 3.0 percent by mass, reagent grade, in distilled water. Sodium Hydroxide Solution 0.3 normal, reagent grade, in distilled water.

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.8

2.9

2.10

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Issue No.: 2

CON 5.12 Revision No.: Page 2 of 2

Sections 1 & 2

16.4.12

2.11

Vacuum Pump Capable of maintaining a pressure of less than 50 mm Hg (6650 Pa) in desiccator. Vacuum Gauge Accurate to 5 mm Hg (665 Pa) over range 0 to 100 mm Hg (0 to 13300 Pa) pressure. Vacuum Desiccator 250 mm inside diameter or larger with two hose connections. Each connection must be equipped with a stopcock. Coating Rapid setting, electrically nonconductive polymer capable of sealing the side surface of concrete cores. Movable Bed Water-cooled Diamond Saw Diamond saw capable for cutting a 503 mm slice from 100 mm diameter core or cylinder. Beaker and Filling Funnel For containing and filling sodium chloride solution and sodium hydroxide solution into the cell. Plastic Container, Wooden Spatulas and Disposable Brushes For mixing and applying Polymer coating to the surface of the concrete core. Vernier calipers capable of measuring dimensions to an accuracy of 0.1 mm. Belt sander

2.12

2.13

2.14

2.15

2.16

2.17

2.18 2.19

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Issue No.: 2 Section 3

CON 5.12 Revision No.: 1 Page 1 of 1 6.6.12

3. 3.1

SAMPLE PREPARATION AND CONDITIONING Check whether the surface of the core has been modified. Record the present and the thickness of overlay and surface treatment Mark a reference line using an indelible marker to indicate the cutting location. The location shall be recorded on the worksheet. The marking of the core position shall be measured from the outer end (i.e. the end where core drilling started). (see Notes 1) Take a set of four photographs of the core at 90O intervals with the Test Request and specimen number. Use the water-cooled diamond saw to cut a 503 mm slice from the top of the core or cylinder, with the cut parallel to the top of the core. Using a belt sander to remove any burrs on the end of the specimen. Use the caliper to measure the length of the specimen parallel to the axis at four evenly distributed positions around the diameter. Calculate the average measured length (L) and record to the nearest 1 mm. Use the caliper to measure the diameter of the specimen at each one-third point along the length of the specimen. Two measurements should be taken at right angles to each other at each point. Calculate the average measured diameter (D) and record to the nearest 0.1 mm. Vigorously boil a litre or more of distilled water in a large sealable container. Remove the container from heat, cap tightly, and allow cooling to ambient temperature. Allow specimen prepared in Clause 3.4 to surface dry in air for at least 1 hour. Prepare approximately 10 g of rapid setting coating and brush onto the side surface of specimen. Place the specimen on a suitable support while coating to ensure complete coating of sides. The coating should be allowed to cure until it is no longer sticky to the touch. Fill any apparent holes in the coating and allow additional curing time, as necessary. Place the specimen in vacuum desiccator to ensure both end faces of specimen to be exposed. Seal the desiccator and close the water stopcock. Open the vacuum line stopcock and start vacuum pump to decrease the pressure to less than 50 mm Hg (6650 Pa) within a few minutes. Maintain vacuum for 3 hours. Fill the desiccator with the de-aerated water prepared in Clause 3.7. With vacuum pump still running, open the water stopcock and drain sufficient water into the desiccator to cover specimen. Do not allow air to enter desiccator through the stopcock. Close the water stopcock and allow vacuum pump to run for one additional hour. Close the vacuum line stopcock, then turn off the pump. Open the vacuum line stopcock to allow air to re-enter desiccator. Change pump oil if necessary. Soak the specimen under water in the desiccator for 182 hours.

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.6

3.7

3.8

3.9

3.10

3.11 3.12

3.13

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Issue No.: 2 Section 4

CON 5.12 Revision No.: 1 Page 1 of 1 6.6.12

4. 4.1

PROCEDURE Remove the specimen from water, blot off excess water, and transfer it to a sealed container, in which the specimen will be maintained in 95 percent or higher relative humidity. Set the specimen onto the 0.85 mm brass screen. Apply the sealant around the specimen-cell boundary. Cover exposed face of the specimen with a rubber or plastic sheeting. Place rubber stopper in cell filling hole to restrict moisture movement. Allow the sealant to cure. Repeat steps in Clause 4.2 on second half of cell. Fill the side of the cell containing the top surface of the specimen with 3.0 percent NaCl solution. (That side of the cell will be connected to the negative terminal of the power supply in Clause 4.6). Fill the other side of the cell (which will be connected to the positive terminal of the power supply) with 0.3 N ( reagent grade) NaOH solution (see Notes 2). Attach electrical connections to power supply and the Dual Display Multimeter as shown in Appendix 3. Turn power supply on, set to (60.00.1) V, and record initial current reading. Temperatures of the specimen, applied voltage cell, and solutions shall be 20 to 25C at the time when the test is initiated, that is, when the power supply is turned on. Maintain the air temperature around the specimen at 20 to 25C during the test. Read and record the current at every 30 minutes up to 6 hours. Each half of the test cell must remain filled with the appropriate solution for the entire period of the test. Monitor the temperature of the solutions with a pair of thermocouple probe through the 5mm vent hole in the top of the cell. Record the temperature at every 30 minutes up to 6 hours. Stop the test if the temperature of the solutions exceeds 90C in order to avoid damage to the cell and boiling off the solutions (see Notes 3). Terminate the test after 6 hours.

4.2

4.3

4.4 4.5

4.6

4.7

4.8 4.9

4.10

4.11

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Issue No.: 2

CON 5.12 Revision No.: 1 Page 1 of 1 6.6.12

Sections 5 & 6

5. 5.1

CALCULATION AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS The following formula, based on the trapezoidal rule, can be used to obtain the ampere-seconds, or coulombs, of charge passed during the 6-hour test period. Q = 900 (I 0 + 2I 30 + 2I 60 . + 2I 300 + 2I 330 + I 360 ) Where : Q I0 It = charge passed (coulombs), = current (amperes) immediately after voltage is applied, and = current (amperes) at t min after voltage is applied

5.2

If the specimen diameter is other than 95 mm, the value for total charge passed established in Clause 5.1 must be adjusted. The adjustment is made by multiplying the value established in Clause 5.1 by the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the standard and the actual specimen. That is : Q a = Q x (95/D)2 Where : Q a Qx D = charge passed (coulombs) through a 95 mm diameter specimen, = charge passed (coulombs) through X (mm) diameter specimen, and = diameter (mm) of the non-standard specimen.

5.3

Chloride Ion Penetrability can be evaluated from the results established from Clause 5.2 by using the following table :Charge Passed (Coulombs) > 4000 2000 4000 1000 2000 100 1000 < 100 Chloride Ion Penetrability High Moderate Low Very Low Negligible

6.

REPORTING OF RESULTS The report shall include the following: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) (m) Source of core or cylinder, in terms of the particular location the core or cylinder represents. Identification number of the core or cylinder specimen. Location of specimen within core or cylinder. Type of concrete, including binder type, water cement ratio, concrete grade and other relevant data supplied with samples. Description of specimen, including presence and location of reinforcing steel, presence and thickness of overlay, and presence and thickness of surface treatment. Curing history of specimen. Unusual specimen preparation, for example, removal of surface treatment. Date and age of test. Diameter and length of specimen to the nearest mm. Duration of test to the nearest min. Total electric charge passed over the test period to the nearest coulomb. Quantitative chloride ion penetrability equivalent to the calculated electric charge passed (from the Table in Paragraph 5.3). Name and signature of person responsible for the test.

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Issue No.: 2 Section 7

CON 5.12 Revision No.: Page 1 of 1 16.4.12

7.

NOTES 1. The modified surface portion of the core, for example, by texturing or by applying curing compounds, sealers, or other surface treatments, and where the intent of the test is not to include the effect of the modifications, shall be removed and the adjacent (503) mm slice shall be used for test. Reliable safety precautions should be taken to avoid the hazards of NaOH solution which can cause severe burns and injury to unprotected skin and eyes. If the test is terminated because of high temperature (exceed 90C), this should be noted in the report together with time of termination and rated the concrete as very high chloride ion penetrability.

2.

3.

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Issue No.: 2 Appendix 1

CON 5.12 Revision No.: Page 1 of 2 16.4.12

APPENDIX 1 APPLIED VOLTAGE CELL

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Issue No.: 2 Appendix 1

CON 5.12 Revision No.: Page 2 of 2 16.4.12

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Issue No.: 2 Appendix 2

CON 5.12 Revision No.: Page 1 of 2 16.4.12

APPENDIX 2 BRASS SHIM AND SCREEN

100 mm

75 mm Shim brass, 0.5 mm thick with diameter, 100 mm (external) & 75 mm (internal)

Plug, 6.4 mm male insulated Wire, copper, No. 14, solid nylon clad, 1 m long

Solder wire between brass shims

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Screen, brass, 0.85 mm aperture (No. 20). 100 mm diameter soldered between shims

Shim, brass, 0.5 mm thick

Plug, 6.4 mm male insulated

Screen soldered between shims

Appendix 2 16.4.12 Page 2 of 2 Issue No.: 2 CON 5.12 Revision No.:

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Issue No.: 2 Appendix 3

CON 5.12 Revision No.: Page 1 of 2 16.4.12

APPENDIX 3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF APPLIED CELL

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Issue No.: 2 Appendix 3

AGG 6.1 Revision No.: -Page 1 of 2 16.4.12

Power Supply 0 60 Vdc

COM

NaCl (3% by mass)

Tested Sample

02A Current

Circuit Diagram of Applied Load Cell

Data Acquisition System

NaOH (0.3N)

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Issue No.: 2 Appendix 4

AGG 6.1 Revision No.: -Page 1 of 2 16.4.12

APPENDIX 4 UNCERTAINTY

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Issue No.: 2 Appendix 4

CON 5.12 Revision No.: Page 2 of 2 16.4.12

UNCERTAINTY CON 5.xx : Determination of Concretes Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration to CS1:2010, Vol. 2, Section 19 (Reference: Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement, by ISO et al. (1995)) 1. Mathematical Model Model of measurement Q a = Q x (95/D)2 2. Combined Standard Uncertainty Combined Standard Uncertainty of Measurement,

u c = u 2 (Q s )
= u Dcomb + uQcomb
Where
2 2

u c = Combined standard uncertainty u Dcomb = Combined standard uncertainty of caliper u Qcomb = Combined standard uncertainty of charge passed

3.

Expanded Uncertainty For coverage factor, k, equal to 2 at a confidence level of 95%, the expanded uncertainty is

U = kuc

= 2 (u Dcomb )2 + (uQcomb )2

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Issue No.: 2 Appendix 5

CON 5.12 Revision No.: Page 1 of 2 16.4.12

APPENDIX 5 SAMPLE UNCERTAINTY CALCULATION SHEET

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Issue No.: 2 Appendix 5

CON 5.12 Revision No.: Page 2 of 2 16.4.12

UNCERTAINTY CALCULATION SHEET

Test Request No. : __________________________) Scope of test :

Determination of Concretes Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration to CS1:2010, Vol. 2, Section 19
Standard uncertainty of caliper,

uD
Caliper I.D. No. Standard uncertainty of repeatability of the reading,

(mm)

u Drep

(mm)

Data Acquisition System I.D. No.

Standard uncertainty of the device due to error between true value and measured value, uQ Standard uncertainty of repeatability of the reading,

(A)

uQrep

(A)

Client sample No. Lab. specimen No.

Combined standard uncertainty of caliper

u Dcomb =

(u D )2 + (u Drep )2

(mm)

Combined standard uncertainty of charge passed

uQcomb =

(uQ )2 + (uQrep )2

(A)

Expanded uncertainty, U = ku c

= 2 (u Dcomb )2 + (uQcomb )2

(C)

Tested by Name Post Date

PWL CON 5.12R Apr 2012

Checked by Name Post Date

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Issue No.: 2 Appendix 6

CON 5.12 Revision No.: 1 Page 1 of 3 6.6.12

APPENDIX 6 SAMPLE WORKSHEET

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Issue No.: 2 Appendix 6

CON 5.12 Revision No.: 1 Page 2 of 3 6.6.12

WORKSHEET
Test Request No. : Date test commenced : Date test completed :

Scope of test : Determination of concretes ability to resist chloride ion penetration in accordance with CS1:2010, Vol. 2:Section 19 (PWLTM CON 5.12)
Sample No. Customer Laboratory Cast Date Age --Drilling Test Specimen No.

Presence of overlay If yes, thickness of overlay Presence of surface treatment If yes, thickness of surface treatment Preparation of specimen : Date & time of specimen cutting

(Yes/No) (mm) (Yes/No) (mm)

Location of specimen (distance from the top of the core) Presence of steel after cutting 0 0 90

(mm) (Yes/No) 90 180 270 Mean Mean

Diameter of specimen, D Length of specimen, L

(mm) (mm)

Date & time of epoxy coated De-aeration and saturation of specimen : Date & time of tap water boiled Date & time of vacuum pump stated Date & time of de-aerated water entered into desiccator Date & time of vacuum pump closed Pressure recorded from vacuum gauge Soaking of specimen : Date & time of specimen soaked under Commenced de-aerated water Completed Caliper ID no. : ______________________ Vacuum gauge I.D. no. : _______________ Remarks : Tested by Name Post Date
PWL CON 5.12W (Sheet 1 of 2) Jun 2012

(mm Hg)

Checked by Name Post Date

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Issue No.: 2 Appendix 6

CON 5.12 Revision No.: 1 Page 3 of 3 6.6.12

WORKSHEET
Test Request No. : Scope of test : Determination of concretes ability to resist chloride ion penetration in accordance with CS1:2010, Vol. 2:Section 19 (PWLTM CON 5.12) Date & time of electrical conduction test Commenced Completed (%) (N) (C) Temperature of thermocouple probe (C) NaCl Cell NaOH Cell

Concentration of Chemical NaCl Solution used NaOH Ambient Temperature

Time (min) 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360

Current passing through the cell, I (A)

Total Charge Passed, Q Adjusted Total Charge Passed, Q a Chloride Ion Penetrability

(C) (C) High / Moderate / Low / Very Low / Negligible

Formula : Q = 900 ( I 0 + 2I 30 + 2I 60 + .. + 2I 300 + 2I 330 + I 360 ) 2 R = ( 95 / D ) Qa = Q x R Data Acquisition System I.D. No. : _______________ Regulated DC Supply I.D. No. : _______________ Remarks :

Tested by Name Post Date

PWL CON 5.12 W (Sheet 2 of 2) Jun 2012

Checked by Name Post Date

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Issue No.: 2 Appendix 7

CON 5.12 Revision No.: 1 Page 1 of 3 6.6.12

APPENDIX 7 SAMPLE TEST REPORT

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Header (For issue of test reports / calibration certificates by using C Eng D (GEO) 2050, 2060, 2051 and 2053) See footer below

CON 5.12 Issue No.: 2 Appendix 7 Revision No.:1 Page 2 of 3 6.6.12

For presentation of test request information Notes : Refer to the general test report / calibration certificate forms, C Eng D (GEO) 2050, 2060, 2051 and 2053, or test report result sheet PWL .GEN 07

Scope of test : Determination of concretes ability to resist chloride ion penetration in accordance with CS1: 2010 Vol. 2:Section 19 Source/Location of sample Customer Sample No. Lab Specimen No. Grade Type of concrete W/C ratio Curing history (water at 273 C/dry)
o

Test results: Date Cast Age at test Date of test Location of specimen (distance from the top of the core) (mm) Presence of steel* (Yes/No) Presence of overlay* Presence of surface treatment* Mean Diameter Mean Length Duration of test (Yes/No) (Yes/No) (mm) (mm) (min) (days)

Total electric charge passed (Coulombs) Chloride ion penetrability Remarks :

*Photo of the specimen (as received) attached.

For signature of officers responsible for checking and certifying test results (For issue of test reports / calibration certificates by using C Eng D (GEO) 2050, 2060, 2051 and 2053) Notes: Refer to the general test report / calibration certificate forms, C Eng D (GEO) 2050, 2060, 2051 and 2053.
Footer (For issue of test reports / calibration certificates by using C Eng D (GEO) 2050, 2060, 2051 and 2053 ) Notes: The header and the footer shall follow those given in one of the general test report / calibration certificate forms. The form no. C Eng D (GEO) 2050 may be used for issue of test reports for all tests except those involving Rock and Phase II Soil Tests. The form no. C Eng D (GEO) 2060 may be used for issue of calibration certificates for all calibrations. The HOKLAS endorsed form nos. C Eng D (GEO) 2051 (for all accredited tests except calibrations and tests involving Rock and Phase II Soil Tests) and C Eng D (GEO) 2053 (for accredited calibrations) shall only be used for the issue of test and calibration results for HOKLAS accredited tests and calibrations which have been determined in accordance with the laboratorys terms of accreditation.
PWL CON 5.12 Rpt (Sheet 1 of 2) Jun 2012 General test report/calibration certificate form no.

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Header (For issue of test reports / calibration certificates by using C Eng D (GEO) 2050, 2060, 2051 and 2053) See footer below

CON 5.12 Issue No.: 2 Appendix 7 Revision No.:1 Page 3 of 3 6.6.12

Header for Continuation Sheet Notes : Refer to the continuation sheet for test report PWL GEN 09.

Lab. Sample No.

Customer Sample No.

Photographs of the specimen (as received)

For signature of officer responsible for checking test results (For issue of test reports) Notes : Refer to the continuation sheet for test report PWL GEN 09.
PWL CON 5.12 Rpt (Sheet 2 of 2) Jun 2012