12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09

European Seminar on Sustainable Development

Chances and risks of REDD regarding climate change and the role of the European Union
European Seminar on Sustainable Development Sinaia, Romania April 2013 Group RED

12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09

European Seminar on Sustainable Development

1. Problem: Climate change and global warming

Forestry sector responsible for 20% of GHG emissions Deforestation as a main contributer 47% of all forests located in humid tropics Logging and land use change as income source for indigenous people Discrepancy between economic and ecologic interests

12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09

European Seminar on Sustainable Development

2. Option: Mitigation REDD and REDD+ UN-Programme: Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) Enhanced by aspects of sustainable development (REDD+) Compensating opportunity cost from avoiding deforestation and forest degradation

12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09

Group members

European Seminar on Sustainable Development

Marion Balthasar FernUniversitt in Hagen Germany Environmental Sciences

Mark Janssen Open Universiteit The Netherlands Environmental Sciences

Veronique Kuss Universiteit Antwerpen Belgium Environmental Sciences

David R. Maas Leuphana Universitt Lneburg Germany Business Administration/ Sustainability Sciences

Tilman Stechele FernUniverstitt in Hagen Germany Environmental Sciences

Jacqueline Steindl Karl-Franzens-Universitt Graz Austria Teacher Studies

Tutor: Sebastian Gebauer

Expert: Daniel Otto

12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09

European Seminar on Sustainable Development

3a. Research: Research Questions

How can the European Union foster a global agreement on REDD that contributes to climate change mitigation and sustainable development?
How is REDD built and what are the coherences within SD? What are the different stakeholders and what is the EU's position? Which action has been done by and in the EU and how can they be enhanced? What are the problems and risks related to the introduction and maintenance of REDD? What are the achievements and chances of REDD in terms of its status quo and further development?

Hypotheses

12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09

European Seminar on Sustainable Development

3b. Research: Method Literature based Application of the four module approach (Parker et al. 2009)
Scope Reference level Financing Distribution

12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09

European Seminar on Sustainable Development

3c. Research: The Four Module Approach

12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09

European Seminar on Sustainable Development

3d. The Four Module Approach - Financing Direct-market approach

Usage of REDD CERs REDD credits very cheap

Market-linked approach
E.g. auctioning of credits

Fund-based approach
Voluntary or compulsory Constraint in usage E.g. UN-REDD Programme Fund, FCPF funds,

12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09

European Seminar on Sustainable Development

3e. The Four Module Approach Phased approach

Source: BMZ, Ready for REDD 2011

12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09

European Seminar on Sustainable Development

3f. Research: The Four Module Approach

12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09

European Seminar on Sustainable Development

3g. The Four Module Approach - Distribution

Source: Parker et al. 2009

12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09

European Seminar on Sustainable Development

4. Answers: How REDD is built. No global mechanism yet Most actions take sustainable aspects in consideration (REDD+). Actions mostly implemented on a national level. Also efforts on sub-national level. Actions publicly funded. Mostly fund-based, phased approach being implemented. Negotiations on all factors are going on.

12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09

European Seminar on Sustainable Development

4a. Answers: The coherences within SD Ecologic: Supports climate change mitigation Social: Cooperation with indigenous people Economic: Change to a greener economy Reduced deforestation and forest degradation will improve quality of life for current and future generations in developed and developing countries.

12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09

European Seminar on Sustainable Development

4b. Answers: The stakeholders United Nations Organization Funding governments European Union Receiving governments The private sector NGOs

12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09

European Seminar on Sustainable Development

Time
(Indonesia)
TCG

Key:

Funding Governments Receiving Governments Others

USA

Canada The EU Japan CfRN

AOSIS
COMIFAC UNO

Norway Australia

Brazil Indonesia TNC

Scale Subnational National Global Not specified

12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09

European Seminar on Sustainable Development

Financing
UNO Brazil

Key:

Funding Governments Receiving Governments Others

Phased Approach

AOSIS

The EU

* Additional Distribution
Mechanism

Norway CfRN

Canada Japan

Australia USA TNC* TCG* COMIFAC

Indonesia

Scope RED

REDD+

REDD

12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09

European Seminar on Sustainable Development

4c. Answers: The EUs position and its actions

Hesitation / reluctance: Integration of REDD carbon credits within the EU ETS Difficult negotiation position:
Internal governance problem External credibility problem

Actions: EU REDD Facility, FLEGT (and several others) Enhancements

Development of coherent opinion on REDD Establishment of a better negotiation position Promotion of a global mechanism for REDD

12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09

European Seminar on Sustainable Development

12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09

European Seminar on Sustainable Development

4d. Answers: REDD in practice

Source: REDD Monitor

12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09

European Seminar on Sustainable Development

4e. Answers: Problems and risks

Case study: Indonesia Conflicting policies Weak government Tenure problems Mechanism related aspects Rule enforcement MRV Targeting of financing Role of indigenous people REDD fatigue
Source: REDD Monitor

12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09

European Seminar on Sustainable Development

4f. Answers: Achievements and chances Case study: Brazil Strong government Redistribution of work to a subnational level Supporting citizens Consequent law enforcement

Source: REDD Monitor

12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09

European Seminar on Sustainable Development

4g. Answers: How can the EU foster a global agreement on REDD that contributes to climate change mitigation and SD? Improvement of EUs difficult negotiation position Global agreement needed REDD can be an effective policy to mitigate climate change and promote SD

12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09

European Seminar on Sustainable Development

5. Testing of hypotheses
1) REDD is an efficient and effective policy to counteract climate change on a global level. 2) The EU can play a decisive role with regard to a successful implementation of REDD by providing financial resources and knowledge, alongside participation in framing, furthering and maintaining the necessary policy. 3) REDD offers economic alternatives to destructive land use practices to developing countries.