Sorghum amplum HABIT Annual. Culms robust, or of moderate stature; 100400 cm long; 48 mm diam.

; 68 noded; without nodal roots, or with prop roots. Culm-internodes distally pruinose. Culm-nodes pubescent, or bearded. Lateral branches lacking, or sparse. Leaf-sheaths glabrous on surface. Ligule a ciliolate membrane; 1.73.3 mm long. Leaf-blades 1018 mm wide. Leaf-blade surface glabrous, or hispid; with tubercle-based hairs. INFLORESCENCE Inflorescence a panicle with branches tipped by a raceme. Panicle open; dense; 1128 cm long. Primary panicle branches 115 -nate; simple, or sparsely divided; 37 cm long. Panicle axis smooth, or scaberulous. Panicle branches apically expanded; pubescent in axils. Racemes 1.41.8 cm long; bearing a triad of spikelets, or few fertile spikelets; bearing 1(2) fertile spikelets on each. Rhachis evident, or obsolete; fragile at the nodes; ciliate on margins. Rhachis internodes linear. Rhachis internode tip oblique. Spikelets in pairs, or in threes. Fertile spikelets sessile; 1 in the cluster. Companion sterile spikelets pedicelled; 1 in the cluster, or 2 in the cluster. Pedicels filiform; flattened; 6 7 mm long; ciliate. STERILE SPIKELETS Companion sterile spikelets well-developed; containing empty lemmas, or male; lanceolate; dorsally compressed; 8.510 mm long; as long as fertile; separately deciduous. Companion sterile spikelet glumes chartaceous; 79 -veined; puberulous; muticous. Companion sterile spikelet lemmas enclosed by glumes; 8.510 mm long. FERTILE SPIKELETS Spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile florets; 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension. Spikelets elliptic; dorsally compressed; compressed slightly; 7.311 mm long; falling entire; deciduous with accessory branch structures. Spikelet callus cuneate; curved; 11.5 mm long; base pungent. GLUMES Glumes dissimilar; with lower wider than upper; exceeding apex of florets; firmer than fertile lemma; dull, or shiny. Lower glume ovate; 1 length of spikelet; cartilaginous; much thinner above; without keels; keel-less except near apex; 79 -veined. Lower glume lateral veins with cross-veins. Lower glume surface glabrous, or pilose. Lower glume hairs dark brown; 34 mm long. Upper glume ovate; cartilaginous; much thinner above; without keels; 7 -veined. Upper glume surface glabrous, or pubescent. FLORETS Basal sterile florets barren; without significant palea. Lemma of lower sterile floret lanceolate; hyaline; 2 -veined; acute. Fertile lemma ovate; hyaline; 1 -veined. Lemma apex dentate; 2 -fid; awned; 1 -awned. Principal lemma awn from a sinus; geniculate; 6590 mm long overall; with twisted column. Column of lemma awn glabrous. Palea absent or minute. FLOWER Lodicules 2; oblong; 0.5 mm long; fleshy; ciliate. Anthers 3; 44.6 mm long. Stigmas 2. Ovary glabrous. FRUIT Caryopsis with adherent pericarp; ellipsoid; 55.3 mm long; obtuse. DISTRIBUTION Australasia: Australia.

NOTES Andropogoneae. Lazarides 1993.

Sorghum bicolor

HABIT Annual. Culms erect; robust; 100600 cm long; 50300 mm diam. Culm-nodes glabrous. Leaves cauline. Ligule an eciliate membrane; 13 mm long. Leaf-blade base broadly rounded. Leaf-blades 30100 cm long; 510 mm wide.

INFLORESCENCE Inflorescence a panicle with branches tipped by a raceme. Peduncle straight, or deflexed.

Panicle open, or contracted; lanceolate, or ovate, or globose; equilateral, or nodding; 450 cm long; 220 cm wide. Primary panicle branches appressed, or spreading; not whorled; moderately divided. Panicle branches pubescent, or villous.

Racemes bearing few fertile spikelets; 16 fertile spikelets on each. Rhachis tough; ciliate on margins. Rhachis internodes filiform, or linear; 0.55 mm long. Rhachis internode tip transverse.

Spikelets in pairs. Fertile spikelets sessile; 1 in the cluster. Companion sterile spikelets pedicelled; 1 in the cluster. Pedicels filiform; ciliate.

STERILE SPIKELETS Companion sterile spikelets well-developed; male; lanceolate; as long as fertile; separately deciduous. Companion sterile spikelet glumes herbaceous; muticous. Companion sterile spikelet lemmas enclosed by glumes.

FERTILE SPIKELETS Spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile florets; 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension. Spikelets oblong, or ovate, or obovate, or orbicular; dorsally compressed; 3 10 mm long; persistent on plant. Spikelet callus glabrous, or pilose; base obtuse.

GLUMES Glumes dissimilar; with lower wider than upper; exceeding apex of florets; firmer than fertile lemma; parallel to lemmas, or gaping. Lower glume ovate; 1 length of spikelet; chartaceous, or coriaceous; pallid, or red, or black; 2-keeled; keeled above. Lower glume surface glabrous, or pilose. Lower glume apex obtuse, or acute. Upper glume ovate; chartaceous, or coriaceous; 1-keeled; keeled above; 57 -veined. Upper glume surface glabrous, or pubescent. Upper glume margins ciliate. Upper glume apex entire, or dentate; 2 -fid.

FLORETS Basal sterile florets barren; without significant palea. Lemma of lower sterile floret elliptic; 0.8 length of spikelet; hyaline; 25 -veined; ciliolate on margins. Fertile lemma obovate; 13 mm long; hyaline; 13 -veined. Lemma margins ciliate. Lemma apex entire, or dentate; 2 fid; muticous, or awned; 1 -awned. Principal lemma awn from a sinus; geniculate; with twisted column. Column of lemma awn pubescent; hairy on the spiral. Palea present.

FLOWER Lodicules 2; ciliate.

FRUIT Caryopsis exposed between gaping lemma and palea at maturity.

DISTRIBUTION Europe: central, southwestern, southeastern, and eastern. Africa: north, Macaronesia, west tropical, west-central tropical, northeast tropical, east tropical, southern tropical, south, and western Indian ocean. Asia-temperate: Siberia, Soviet far east, Soviet Middle Asia, Caucasus, western Asia, Arabia, China, Mongolia, and eastern Asia. Asia-tropical: India, Indo-China, Malesia, and Papuasia. Australasia: Australia and New Zealand. Pacific: southwestern, south-central, northwestern, and north-central. North America: northwest USA, north-central USA, northeast USA, southwest USA, south-central USA, southeast USA, and Mexico. South America: Mesoamericana, Caribbean, northern South America, western South America, Brazil, and southern South America.

Sorghum amplum KEBIASAAN Tahunan. Batang yang kuat, atau perawakan sedang, 100-400 cm, diameter 4-8 mm, 6-8-noded,. Tanpa akar nodal, atau dengan akar prop. Batang-ruas distal pruinose. Batangnode puber, atau berjenggot. Cabang lateral kurang, atau jarang. Daun-selubung di permukaan licin. Ligule membran ciliolate, 1,7-3,3 mm. Daun-bilah lebar 10-18 mm. Daun-blade permukaan licin, atau hispid, dengan tuberkel berbasis rambut. Inflorescence Perbungaan berupa malai dengan cabang ditepis segugus. Malai terbuka, padat, 11-28 cm. Primer malai cabang 1-15-nate, sederhana, atau jarang terbagi; 3-7 cm. Malai axis halus, atau scaberulous. Cabang malai apikal diperluas, puber di axils. Racemes 1,4-1,8 cm panjang, membawa tiga serangkai bulir, atau bulir subur sedikit, bantalan 1 (-2) bulir subur pada masing-masing. Rhachis jelas, atau usang, rapuh di node; Ciliata pada marjin. Rhachis ruas linear. Rhachis ruas ujung miring. Bulir berpasangan, atau tiga. Subur bulir sessile, 1 di cluster. Companion bulir steril pedicelled, 1 di cluster, atau 2 di cluster. Pedicels filiform, diratakan, 6-7 mm; Ciliata. STERILE Companion bulir bulir steril berkembang dengan baik, yang mengandung lemma kosong, atau laki-laki, lanset, bagian punggung dikompresi, 8,5-10 mm, asalkan subur, secara terpisah gugur. Companion gabah steril glumes chartaceous, 7-9 berurat-, puberulous; muticous. Companion lemma gabah steril tertutup oleh glumes, 8,5-10 mm. SUBUR bulir bulir terdiri dari 1 kuntum steril basal, 1 kuntum subur, tanpa ekstensi rhachilla. Bulir eliptik, punggung dikompresi, dikompresi sedikit; 7,3-11 mm, jatuh secara keseluruhan; gugur dengan struktur cabang aksesori. Gabah kalus cuneate, melengkung, 1-1,5 mm panjang, dasar tajam. Glumes glumes berbeda, dengan rendah lebih luas daripada atas; melebihi puncak kuntum, lebih tegas daripada lemma subur, kusam, atau mengkilat. Menurunkan glume ovate, 1 panjang gabah, tulang rawan, jauh lebih kurus di atas, tanpa keels, keel-kurang kecuali apex dekat, 7-9 berurat-. Menurunkan vena lateralis glume dengan cross-vena. Rendah glume permukaan licin, atau berbulu. Rambut glume rendah coklat gelap, 3-4 mm panjang. Atas glume ovate, tulang rawan, lebih tipis atas, tanpa keels, 7-berurat. Atas glume permukaan licin, atau puber. Kuntum steril kuntum Basal tandus, tanpa palea signifikan. Lemma dari rendah steril floret lanset, hialin, 2-veined; akut. Lemma Subur ovate, hialin, 1-berurat. Lemma apex dentate, 2-fid, awned, 1-awned. Lemma Principal awn dari sinus, geniculate, 65-90 mm panjang keseluruhan, dengan kolom bengkok. Tiang glabrous lemma awn. Palea absen atau menit. BUNGA Lodicules 2, lonjong, 0,5 mm, berdaging; Ciliata. Kepala sari 3, 4-4,6 mm. Stigma 2. Ovarium tidak berbulu.

BUAH Caryopsis dengan pericarp patuh, ellipsoid, 5-5,3 mm panjang; tumpul. DISTRIBUSI Australasia: Australia. Sorghum bicolor

KEBIASAAN Tahunan. Batang tegak, kuat, 100-600 cm, diameter 50-300 mm. Batang-node glabrous. Daun cauline. Ligule membran eciliate, 1-3 mm panjang. Daun-blade dasar bulat melebar. Daun-pisau 30-100 cm, lebar 5-10 mm.

Inflorescence Perbungaan berupa malai dengan cabang ditepis segugus. Pangkal lurus, atau deflexed.

Malai terbuka, atau kontrak, lanset, atau bulat telur, atau bulat, sama sisi, atau mengangguk, 4-50 cm panjang, 2-20 cm lebar. Cabang malai Primer appressed, atau menyebarkan, tidak whorled, cukup dibagi. Malai puber, atau vili cabang.

Racemes bantalan bulir subur sedikit, 1-6 bulir subur pada masing-masing. Rhachis sulit; Ciliata pada marjin. Rhachis ruas filiform, atau linier, 0.5-5 mm. Rhachis ruas ujung melintang.

Bulir berpasangan. Subur bulir sessile, 1 di cluster. Companion bulir steril pedicelled, 1 di cluster. Pedicels filiform; Ciliata.

STERILE Companion bulir bulir steril berkembang dengan baik, laki-laki, lanset, asalkan subur, secara terpisah gugur. Companion gabah steril glumes herba; muticous. Companion lemma gabah steril tertutup oleh glumes.

SUBUR bulir bulir terdiri dari 1 kuntum steril basal, 1 kuntum subur, tanpa ekstensi rhachilla. Bulir lonjong, bulat telur atau, atau obovate, atau bundar, bagian punggung dikompresi, 3-10 mm panjang, terus-menerus pada tanaman. Gabah glabrous kalus, atau berbulu, tumpul dasar.

Glumes glumes berbeda, dengan rendah lebih luas daripada bagian atas, puncak melebihi dari kuntum, lebih tegas daripada lemma subur, sejajar dengan lemma, atau menganga. Menurunkan glume ovate, 1 panjang gabah, chartaceous, atau seperti kulit, pucat, atau merah, atau hitam, 2tinggi; keeled atas. Rendah glume permukaan licin, atau berbulu. Menurunkan glume tumpul apex, atau akut. Atas glume ovate, chartaceous, atau seperti kulit, 1-tinggi; keeled atas, 5-7 berurat-. Atas glume permukaan licin, atau puber. Margin glume atas Ciliata. Atas glume seluruh apex, atau dentate, 2-fid.

Kuntum steril kuntum Basal tandus, tanpa palea signifikan. Lemma dari bawah floret steril elips, panjang 0,8 gabah, hialin, 2-5 berurat-; ciliolate pada marjin. Obovate lemma Subur, 1-3 mm, hialin, 1-3 berurat-. Margin Lemma Ciliata. Lemma apex keseluruhan, atau dentate, 2-fid, muticous, atau awned, 1-awned. Lemma Principal awn dari sinus, geniculate, dengan kolom bengkok. Tiang lemma awn puber, berbulu pada spiral. Palea hadir.

BUNGA Lodicules 2; Ciliata.

Caryopsis BUAH terbuka di antara lemma dan palea menganga pada saat jatuh tempo. http://www.kew.org/data/grasses-db/www/imp09504.html