A Project Report On

HOW TO WORK A.C.

Submitted to Board of Technical Education Rajasthan, Jodhpur In Partial Fulfillment of the requirement for the Award of the diploma In Mechanical R&AC

Session 2012-13 Submitted by:

Anil Kumar Polytechnic IInd Year (ME) SVP, Alwar

Supervised by:
Mr. Pankaj Pal Head Of Department (ME) SVP, Alwar

Department of Mechanical R&AC

SIDDHI VINAYAK POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE, M.I.A., ALWAR (RAJ.)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
A research study cannot be completed without the help guidance of various individual & institutions. I expressed my sincere thanks and gratitude to all those who made it possible for me to complete this report. With great pleasure and sincerity I wish to express my deepest sense of gratitude to my guide for their valuable guidance and Practice suggestions and for patiently enduring my numerous queries. I would like to Special thanks HOD Mr. Pankaj Pal who extended their full co operation during my training period and encouraging me to clear my doubts and enlightened me on the various aspects of and industry, and helps me in the successful completion of my training. I wish to thank Hyundai Automobile Modern Machinery Store for providing me an opportunity to work with them on this project. My stay in the organization has been a great learning experience. This exposure has greatly enriched me with knowledge.

ABSTRACT
The addition of Practical Training Report in the curriculum of the Diploma engineering by the Board of Technical Education Rajasthan Jodhpur is an appreciable act which enables us to learn to work in a team & where we have to stress during the course of Training Programs. The Project on Hyundai Automobile Modern Machinery Store is infecting the honest work as per the spirit of the training report. While working in company, we come to know how to face the difficulties & to cooperate within a team. We do not claim the originality of the materials presented in this report. We have taken assistance from a large no. of books & literatures for presenting the Report. In the end we hearty thankful to Mr. Pankaj Pal for taking extra pain in completing our training.

DECLARATION
I, am Anil Kumar student of Mechanical Engineering of SIDDHI VINAYAK POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE, M.I.A., ALWAR (RAJ.) hereby declare that the all information written in this practical training report file are true. The project entitled assigned to me by Hyundai Automobile Modern Machinery Store during my summer training for the partial fulfillment from SIDDHI VINAYAK POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE, M.I.A., ALWAR (RAJ.) is the original work done by me and the information provided in the study is authentic to the best of my knowledge.

(ANIL KUMAR)

INDEX

FRONT AXLE1 STEERING SYSTEM2 Types of steering system.3 Manual steering systems.3 Worm and sector steering...4 Worm and tapered peg steering.4 Worm and roller steering gear...5 Manual re circulating ball and sector steering..5 Manual rack and pinion steering6 Power assisted steering system.6 Power rack and pinion..7 Power re circulating ball8 Geometry parameters involved in suspension and steering...8 Wheel camber..8 Camber angle...8 Rate of camber change8 Wheel caster..9 Caster angle..9 Rate of caster change..9 Kingpin geometry.10 Kingpin inclination...10 Kingpin offset10 Wheel toe11 Static toe angle..11

Static toe11 Ackermann steering...12 Suspension kinematic parameters13 Instantaneous centre..13 Roll centre13 Roll centre location.13 Roll resistance arm.14 Rollover arm14 Jacking.14 Analysis of car steering system..14 Steering system geometry...14 Steering system mechanism14 Steering system design15 Steering system requirements15 Design of the steering system geometry15 Ackermann condition.16 Selection of the steering parameters.17 Selection of the steering mechanism.18 Position of the steering mechanism...19 Position relative to the front axle..19 Position in a vertical plane19 Steering movement ratio21 Quick release mechanism..22 Crossover Steering - Drag Link to opposite end of Tie Rod.22 Types of steering22 Crossover Steering - Drag Link to Opposite Knuckle22

V-Link Steering.23 Re-circulating Ball and Tie Rod. 23 (IFS) Rack-and-Pinion.24 Double Crossover..25 POWER STEARING SYSTEM..25