GATE BY RK Kanodia Signals and Systems

UNIT 5
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Signal & System
e2 t, t < 0 30. y( t) = u( t) * h( t) , where h( t) = -3t e , t >0 1 5 1 (A) e -2 t u( - t - 1) + - e -3t u( -t) 2 6 3 (B) (C) (D) 1 2t 5 1 e u( -t - 1) + - e-3t u( -t) 2 6 3 1 2t 1 e + [5 - 3e 2 t - 2 e -3t ]u( t) 2 6 1 2t 1 e + [5 - 3e 2 t - 2 e -3t ]u( -t) 2 6
(A) (B) (C) (D)
5 3 1 13 -4 t sin t + cos t + e - t e , t 0 34 34 6 61 5 3 13 -4 t 1 - t sin t + cos t e + e , t 0 34 34 51 6 3 5 13 -4 t 1 - t sin t + cos t e + e , t 0 34 34 51 6 3 5 1 13 -4 t sin t + cos t + e -4 t e , t 0 34 34 6 51 d 2 y ( t) dy ( t) +6 + 8 y( t) = 2 x( t), dt 2 dt y (0 - ) = -1, dy( t) = 1, x( t) = e - t u( t) dt 0 -
37.
Statement for Q.31-34: The impulse response of LTI system is given. Determine the step response. 31. h( t) = e - |t | (A) 2 + e t - e - t (C) e t u( -t + 1) + [2 - e - t ]u( t) 32. h( t) = d( 2 ) ( t) (A) 1 (C) d( 3) ( t) 33. h( t) = u( t) - u( t - 4) (A) tu( t) + (1 - t) u( t - 4) (C) 1 + t 34. h( t) = y( t) (A) u( t) (C) 1 Statement for Q.35-38: The system described by the differential equations has been specified with initial condition. Determine the output of the system and choose correct option. 35. dy( t) + 10 y( t) = 2 x( t), y(0 - ) = 1, x( t) = u( t) dx (B) 1 (1 + 4 e -10 t ) 5 (D) - 1 (1 + 4 e -10 t ) 5 (B) t (D) tu( t) (B) tu( t) + (1 - t) u( t - 4) (D) (1 + t) u( t) (B) u( t) (D) d( t) 38. (B) e t u( -t + 1) + 2 - e - t (D) e t + [2 - e - t - e t ]u( t) (A) (B)
2 - t 5 -2 t 5 -4 t e - e + e , t 0 3 2 6 2 5 -2 t 5 -4 t + e + e , t 0 3 2 6
(C) 4 + 5( 3e -2 t + e -4 t ) , t 0 (D) 4 - 5( 3e -2 t + e -4 t ), t 0 d 2 y( t) 3dx( t) , + y( t) = dt 2 dt y (0 - ) = -1, dy( t) = 1, x( t) = 2 te- t u( t) dt 0 -
(A) sin t + 4 cos t - 3te -3t + t, t 0 (B) 4 sin t - cos t - 3te - t , t 0 (C) sin t - 4 cos t + 3te -3t + t, t 0 (D) 4 sin t + cos t - 3te - t , t 0 39. The raised cosine pulse x( t) is defined as 1 (cos wt + 1) , x ( t) = 2 0, p p t w w otherwise
The total energy of x ( t) is 3p 3p (B) (A) 4w 8w (C) 3p w (D) 3p 2w
(A) 1 (1 + 4 e -10 t ) u( t) 5 (C) - 1 (1 + 4 e -10 t ) u( t) 5
40. The sinusoidal signal x( t) = 4 cos (200 t + p 6) is passed through a square law device defined by the input output relation y ( t) = x 2 ( t). The DC component in the signal is (A) 3.46 (C) 2.83
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d 2 y( t) dy( t) dx( t) , 36. +5 + 4 y( t) = 2 dt dt dt dy( t) = 1, x( t) = sin t u( t) y (0 - ) = 0, dt 0 -
(B) 4 (D) 8
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Continuous-Time Systems
Chap 5.1
41. The impulse response of a system is h( t) = d( t - 0.5). If two such systems are cascaded, the impulse response of the overall system will be (A) 0.58( t - 0.25) (C) d( t - 1) (B) d( t - 0.25) (D) 0.5 d( t - 1)
46. The y( t) = x( t) * h( t) is
y(t) y(t)
1+a
1-a
42. Fig. P5.1.40 show the input x( t) to a LTI system and impulse response h( t) of the system.
x(t) h(t)
(A)
y(t) y(t)
(B)
a
1 5 t 3 t
1+a 2
1+a
1-a
(C)
(D)
Fig P5.1.42
The output of the system is zero every where except for the (A) 0 < t < 5 (C) 1 < t < 5 (B) 0 < t < 8 (D) 1 < t < 8
47. If dy( t) dt contains only three discontinuities, the value of a is (A) 1 (C) 3 (B) 2 (D) 0
43. Consider the impulse response of two LTI system S1 : h1 ( t) = e - (1 - 2 j ) t u( t) S2 : h2 ( t) = e cos 2 t u( t) The stable system is (A) S1 (C) Both S1 and S2 (B) S2 (D) None
-t
48. Consider the signal x( t) = d( t + 2) - d( t - 2).The value of E for the signal y( t) = (A) 4 (C) 1 49. The
x( t) dt
(B) 2 (D)
is
response of a system S to a complex input
44. The non-invertible system is (A) y( t) = x( t - 4) (C) y( t) = dx( t) dt (B) y( t) =

-
x( t) = e j 5t is specified as y( t) = te j 5t . The system
(A) is definitely LTI x( t) dt (B) is definitely not LTI (C) may be LTI (D) information is insufficient 50. The response of a system S to a complex input
(D) None of the above
45. A continuous-time linear system with input x( t) and output y( t) yields the following input-output pairs: x( t) = e j 2 t y( t) = e j 5t x( t) = e - j 2 t y( t) = e - j 5t If x1 ( t) = cos (2 t - 1), the corresponding y1 ( t) is (A) cos (5 t - 1) (C) cos 5( t - 1) Statement for Q.4647: Suppose that 1, x( t) = 0, 0 t 1 elsewhere and (B) e- j cos (5 t - 1) (D) e j cos (5 t - 1)
x( t) = e j8 t is specified as y( t) = cos 8 t. The system (A) is definitely LTI (B) is definitely not LTI (C) may be LTI (D) information is insufficient. 51. The auto-correlation of the signal x( t) = e - t u( t) is (A) (C) 1 t 1 e u( -t) + e - t u( t) 2 2 1 -t 1 e u( -t) + e - t u( t) 2 2 (B) (D) et 1 - t + ( e - e t ) u( t) 2 2 1 t 1 e u( -t) - e - t u( t) 2 2
t h( t) = x , where 0 < a 1. a
*********************
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Page 253
UNIT 5
Signal & System
SOLUTIONS
1. (A) 2p = 60 p T T= p 30
11. (C)
x(10t)
1 x(10t-5) 1
-0.5 -0.4
0.4 0.5
0.1
0.9
Fig S5.1.11
2. (C) T1 =
2p 2p 2p 2p s, T2 = s, LCM , = 2p 5 7 7 5
12. (D) Multiplication by 5 will bring contraction on time scale. It may be checked by x(5 0.8) = x( 4). 13. (A) Division by 5 will bring expansion on time scale. 20 It may be checked by y( t) = x = x( 4). 5 1, 14. (C) y( t) = -1, 0,
-4 5
3. (D) Not periodic because of t. 4. (D) Not periodic because least common multiple is infinite. 5. (C) y( t) is not periodic although sin t and 6 cos 2 pt are independently periodic. The fundamental frequency cant be determined. 6. (C) This is energy signal because E =
for - 5 < t < - 4 for 4 < t <5 otherwise
E = (1) 2 dt + ( -1) 2 dt = 2
-5 4
| x ( t)|dt <
-4 t -4 t e u( t) dt = e dt = 0
1 4
15. (D) E = 2 x 2 ( t) dt = 2 (1)1 dt + 2 (5 - t) 2 dt

0 0 4
7. (A) | x( t)| = 1, E =
| x( t)| dt
2
=8+ =
2 26 = 3 3
So this is a power signal not a energy. P = lim 1 T 2T

T
16. (B) Let x1 ( t) = v( t) then y1 ( t) = u{v( t)} Let x2 ( t) = kv( t) then y2 ( t) = u{kv( t)} ky1 ( t) (Not homogeneous not linear) y1 ( t) = u{v( t)}, y2 ( t) = u{v( t - to)} = y1 ( t - to) (Time invariant)
-T
| x( t)| dt
2
=1
8. (D) v( t) is sum of 3 unit step signal starting from, 1, 2, and 3, all signal ends at 4. 9. (A) The function 1 does not describe the given pulse. It can be shown as follows :
u(a-t) u(t-b) u(a-t) - u(t-b)
The response at any time depends only on the excitation at time t = to and not on any future value. (Causal) 17. (C) y1 ( t) = v( t - 5) - v( 3 - t) y2 ( t) = kv( t - 5) - kv( 3 - t) = ky1 ( t) (Homogeneous) Let x1 ( t) = v( t) then y1 ( t) = v( t - 5) - v( 3 - t) Let x2 ( t) = 2 w( t) then y2 ( t) = w( t - 5) - w( 3 - t) Let x3( t) = x( t) + w( t) Then y3( t) = v( t - 5) + w( t - 5) - v( 3 - t) - w( 3 - t) (Additive)
Fig S5.1.3.9
10. (B)
r(t-4)
2
r(t-6)
2
r(t-4) - r(t-6)
2
= y1 ( t) + y2 ( t) linear.
Since it is both homogeneous and additive, it is also y1 ( t) = v( t - 5) - v( 3 - t) y2 ( t) = v( t - to - 5) - v( 3 - t + to) = y1 ( t - to)

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Fig S5.1.10
(Time invariant)
Page 254
Continuous-Time Systems
Chap 5.1
At
time,
t = 0, y(0) = x( -5) - x( 3).
Therefore
the
21. (C) All option are linear. So it is not required to check linearity. d y1 ( t) - 8 y1 ( t) = v( t) dt d Let x2 ( t) = v( t - to) then t y2 ( t) - 8 y2 ( t) = v( t - to) dt Let x1 ( t) = v( t) then t The first equation can be written as d ( t - to) y( t - to) - 8 y( t - to) = v( t - to) dt This equation is not satisfied if y2 ( t) = y1 ( t - to) therefore y2 ( t) y1 ( t - to) x( l) y( l) dl + 8 dl l - - l (Time Variant)
t
response at time, t = 0 depends on the excitation at a later time t = 3. and so is y( t). t t 18. (D) y1 ( t) = v , y2 ( t) = kv = ky1 ( t) 2 2 (Homogeneous) x3 = v( t) + w( t) then t t y3( t) = v + w = y1 ( y) + y2 ( t) 2 2 linear t t t - to y1 ( t) = v , y2 - to y( t - to) = v 2 2 2 (Time variant) At time t = -2, y( -2) = x( -1), therefore, the response at time t = -2, depends on the excitation at a later time, t = -1. It x( t) is bounded then y( t) is bounded. 19. (C) y1 ( t) = cos 2 pt v( t) y2 ( t) k cos 2 pt v( t) = ky1 ( t) x3( t) = v( t) + w( t) y3( t) = cos 2 pt [ v( t) + w( t)] = y1 ( t) + y2 ( t) linear. y1 ( t) = cos 2 pt v( t) y2 ( t) = cos 2 pt ( t - to) y( t - to) = cos [2 p( t - to)]v( t - to) (Time Variant) The response at any time t = to depends only on the excitation at that time and not on the excitation at any later time. If x( t) is bounded then y( t) is bounded. 20. (C) y1 ( t) = |v( t)|, y2 ( t) = |kv( t)| = k y1 ( t) If k is negative k y1 ( t) ky1 ( t) (Not Homogeneous Not linear). y1 ( t) = |v( t)|, y2 ( t) = | y( t - to)| = y1 ( t - to) (Time Invariant) The response at any time t = to depends only on the excitation at that time and not on the excitation at any later time. If x( t) is bounded then y( t) is bounded. (Causal) (Stable) (Causal) (Stable) (Additive) (Homogeneous) (Not causal) (Stable) (Additive) (Not causal) (Stable) If x( t) is bounded then x( t - 5) and x( 3 - t) are bounded
The system can be written as y( t) =
Since it is both homogeneous and additive, it is also
So the response at any time, t = to depends on the excitation at t to , and not on any future values. (Causal) The Homogeneous solution to the differential equation is of the form y( t) = kt8 . If there is no excitation but the zero excitation, response is not zero. The response will increases without bound as time increases. (Unstable) 22. (C) y1 ( t) = y2 ( t) =
t+ 3 t+ 3
v(l)dl
t+ 3
Since it is both homogeneous and additive. It is also y3( t) =
kv(l)dl = k v(l)dl = ky1 ( t)

- t+ 3
(Homogeneous)
x3( t) = v( t) + w( t)
t+ 3 -
[ v( l) + w( l)]dl =
v( l)dl +
t+ 3
w( l)dl
(Additive)
= y1 (t) + y2 (t)
Since it is Homogeneous and additive, it is also linear. y1 ( t) = y2 ( t) =

t+ 3
v(l)dl v(l - to )dl =

t - to + 3 -
t+ 3
v(l)dl = y (t - t )
1 o
(Time invariant) The response at any time, t = to , depends partially on the excitation at time to to < t < ( to + 3) which are in future. If x( t) is a constant k, then y ( t) =
t+ 3
(Not causal)
kdl = k dl and as
-
t+ 3
t , y ( t) increases without bound.
(unstable)
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Page 255
UNIT 5
Signal & System
11. x[ n + 2 ] y[ n - 2 ]
x[n] 3
pn pn pn p 14. x[ n] = cos + - sin + 3 cos 3 2 8 4 (A) periodic with period 16 (B) periodic with period 4
1 2 3 4 5 6 n
(A)
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
2 1
(C) periodic with period 2 (D) Not periodic

n j - p 6
x[n] 3
(B)
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 n
15. x[ n] = 2 e
(A) periodic with 12p (C) periodic with 11p
(B) periodic with 12 (D) Not periodic
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1 -1
16. The sinusoidal signal has fundamental period

n
N = 10 samples. The smallest angular frequency, for which x[ n] is periodic, is 1 (A) rad/cycle 10 (C) 5 rad/cycle
(C)
-2 -3
(B) 10 rad/cycle (D) p rad/cycle 5
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1 -1
17. Let x[ n], - 5 n 3 and h[ n], 2 n 6 be two finite duration signals. The range of their convolution is (A) -7 n 9 (C) 2 n 3 (B) -3 n 9 (D) -5 n 6
(D)
-2 -3
Statement for Q.1215: A discrete-time signal is given. Determine the period of signal and choose correct option. pn pn 1 12. x[ n] = cos + sin + 9 2 7 (A) periodic with period N = 126 (B) periodic with period N = 32 (C) periodic with period N = 252 (D) Not periodic n pn 13. x[ n] = cos cos 8 8 (A) Periodic with period 16 p (B) periodic with period 16( p + 1) (C) periodic with period 8 (D) Not periodic Statement for Q.1826: x[ n] and h[ n] are given in the question. Compute the convolution y[ n] = x[ n] * h[ n] option. 18. x[ n] = {1, 2, 4}, h[ n] = {1, 1, 1, 1, 1} (A) {1, 3, 7, 7, 7, 6, 4} (B) {1, 3, 3, 7, 7, 6, 4} (C) {1, 2, 4} (D) {1, 3, 7} 19. x[ n] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, h [ n] = {1} (A) {1, 3, 6, 10, 15} (C) {1, 4, 9, 16, 20} (B) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} (D) {1, 4, 6, 8, 10} and choose correct
20. x[ n] = {1, 2, -1}, h [ n] = x [ n] (A) {1, 4, 1} (C) {1, 2, -1}

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(B) {1, 4, 2, -4, 1} (D) {2, 4, -2}
Page 260
Discrete-Time Systems
Chap 5.2
21. x[ n] = {1, -2, 3}, h [ n] = {0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1}

25. x[ n] = {1, 4, -3, 6, 4}, h[ n] = {2, -4, 3}

(A) {1, -2, 4, 1, 1, 1}
(A) {2, 4, -19, 36, -25, 2, 12}
(B) {0, 0, 3}
(B) {4, -19, 36, -25}
(C) {0, 0, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1}
(C) {1, 4, -3, 6, 4}
(D) {0, 0, 1, -1, 2, 2, 1, 3}
(D) {1, 4, -3, 6, 4}
22. x[ n] = {0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1}, h[ n] = {1, -2, 3}

(A) {0, 0, 1, -1, 2, 2, 1, 3}
1, 26. x[ n] = 2, 0
n = -2, 0, 1 n = -1 elsewhere
h (n) = d[ n ] - d[ n - 1] + d[ n - 4]
(A) d[ n ] - 2 d[ n - 1 ] + 4 d[ n - 4 ] + d[ n - 5 ] (B) d[ n + 2 ] + d[ n + 1 ] - d[ n ] + 2 d[ n - 3 ] + d[ n - 4 ] + d[ n - 5 ] (C) d[ n + 2 ] - d[ n + 1 ] + d[ n ] + 2 d[ n - 3 ] - d[ n - 4 ] + 2 d[ n - 5 ] (D) d[ n ] + 2 d[ n - 1 ] + 4 d[ n - 5 ] + d[ n - 5 ]
(B) {0, 0, 1, -1, 2, 2, 1, 3}
(C) {1, -2, 3, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1}
(D) {1, -2, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1}
Statement for Q.2730: In question y[ n] is the convolution of two signal. Choose correct option for y[ n]. 27. y[ n] = ( -1) n * 2 n u[2 n + 2 ] (A) (C) 4 6 8 ( -1) n u[ -n + 2 ] 3 1 u[ n] * u[ n + 2 ] 4n 1 12 (B) - n u[ n + 2 ] 3 4 1 16 (D) - n u[ n + 2 ] 3 4 (B) (D) 4 u[ -n + 2 ] 6 8 ( -1) n 3
23. x[ n] = {1, 1, 0, 1, 1}, h[ n] = {1, -2, - 3, 4}

(A) {1, -1, - 2, 4, 1, 1}
(B) {1, -1, - 2, 4, 1, 1}
(C) {1, -1, - 5, 2, 3, -5, 1, 4}
28. y[ n] =
(D) {1, -1, - 5, 2, 3, -5, 1, 4}
1 1 (A) - n u[ n] 3 4 4 1 1 n (C) u[ n + 2 ] 3 12 4
24. x[ n] = {1, 2, 0, 2, 1}, h[ n] = x[ n]
(A) {1, 4, 4, 4, 10, 4, 4, 4, 1}
29. y[ n] = 3n u[ -n + 3] * u[ n - 2 ] 3n , (A) 2 83 , 2 3n , (C) 2 81 , 2 n 5 n6 n 5 n6 3n , (B) 83 , 2 3n , (D) 6 81 , 2 n 5 n6
(B) {1, 4, 4, 4, 10, 4, 4, 4, 1}

(C) {1, 4, 4, 10, 4, 4, 4, 1}
n 5 n6
Page 261
(D) {1, 4, 4, 10, 4, 4, 4, 1}
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UNIT 5
Signal & System
30. y[ n] = u[ n + 3] * u[ n - 3] (A) ( n + 1) u[ n] (C) ( n - 1) u[ n] 31. The convolution of (B) nu[ n] (D) u[ n]

p x[ n] = cos ( 2 n) u[ n]
37. x[ n] as shown in fig. P5.2.37

5 +
and
x[n]
10
y[n]
h[ n] = u[ n - 1] is f [ n]u[ n - 1]. The function f [ n] is n = 4 m + 1, 4 m + 2 1, (A) n = 4 m, 4 m + 3 0, 0, (B) 1, 1, (C) 0, 0, (D) 1, n = 4 m + 1, 4 m + 2 n = 4 m, 4 m + 3 n = 4 m + 1, 4 m + 3 n = 4 m, 4 m + 2 n = 4 m + 1, 4 m + 3 n = 4 m, 4 m + 2
Fig. P5.2.37
(A) P, Q, R, S (C) P, R, S
(B) Q, R, S (D) P, Q, S

x[n] + + y[n]
Fig. P5.2.38
(A) P, Q, R, S Statement for Q.3238: Let P be linearity, Q be time invariance, R be causality and S be stability. In question discrete time input x[ n] and output y[ n] relationship has been given. In the option properties of system has been given. Choose the option which match the properties for system. 32. y[ n] = rect ( x[ n]) (A) P, Q, R (C) R, S, P 33. y[ n] = nx[ n] (A) P, Q, R, S (C) P, R 34. y[ n] =
n +1 m = -
(B) P, Q, R (D) Q, R, S
(C) P, Q Statement for Q.3941:
Two discrete time systems S1 fig. P5.2.3941.
and S2
are
connected in cascade to form a new system as shown in
x[n]
S2
(B) Q, R, S (D) S , P, Q
S1
y[n]
Fig. P5.2.3941.
39. Consider the following statements (B) Q, R, S (D) Q, S (a) If S1 and S2 are linear, the S is linear (b) If S1 and S2 are nonlinear, then S is nonlinear (c) If S1 and S2 are causal, then S is causal (d) If S1 and S2 are time invariant, then S is time invariant (B) R, S (D) Q, R True statements are : (A) a, b, c (C) a, c, d (B) R, S, P (D) P, Q, R (B) b, c, d (D) All
u[ m ]
(A) P, Q, R, S (C) P, Q 35. y[ n] = x[ n] (A) Q, R, S (C) S, P, Q
40. Consider the following statements (a) If S1 and S2 are linear and time invariant, then interchanging their order does not change the system. (b) If S1 and S2 are linear and time varying, then interchanging their order does not change the system. True statement are

x[n] 2 y[n]
Fig. P5.2.36
(A) P, Q, R, S (C) P, Q
Page 262
(B) Q, R, S (D) R, S
(A) Both a and b (C) Only b

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(B) Only a (D) None
Chap 5.2
41. Consider the statement (a) If S1 and S2 are noncausal, the S is non causal (b) If S1 and/or S2 are unstable, the S is unstable. True statement are : (A) Both a and b (C) Only b (B) Only a (D) None
(D) Above all 45. The system shown in fig. P5.2.45 is

x[n] 1 4 + + + 1 4 -1 2 y[n]
D D
y[n-2]
42. The following input output pairs have been observed during the operation of a time invariant system : x1 [ n] = {1, 0, 2} x2 [ n] = {0, 0, 3} x3[ n] = {0, 0, 0, 1}
S S
Fig. P5.2.45
(A) Stable and causal y1 [ n] = {0, 1, 2}

S
(B) Stable but not causal (C) Causal but unstable (D) unstable and not causal 46. The impulse response of a LTI system is given as 1 h[ n] = - u[ n]. 2 The step response is (A) 1 1 2 - - 3 2
n +1 n
y2 [ n] = {0, 1, 0, 2} y3[ n] = {1, 2, 1}
The conclusion regarding the linearity of the system is (A) System is linear (B) System is not linear (C) One more observation is required. (D) Conclusion cannot be drawn from observation. 43. The following input output pair have been observed during the operation of a linear system: x1 [ n] = { -1, 2, 1} x2 [ n] = {1, - 1, - 1} x3[ n] = {0, 1, 1}
S S
u[ n] u[ n]
(B)
1 1 2 - - 3 2
u[ n] u[ n]
(C)
1 1 2 + - 3 2
n +1
(D)
1 1 2 + - 3 2
47. The difference equation representation for a system is y[ n] 1 y[ n - 1] = 2 x[ n], 2 y [ -1] = 3
y1 [ n] = {1, 2, - 1, 0, 1} y2 [ n] = { - 1, 1, 0, 2} y3[ n] = {1, 2, 1} (A)
The natural response of system is 3 1 - u[ n] 2 2 3 1 u[ n] 2 2

n n
(B)
2 1 - u[ n] 3 2 21 u[ n] 32
n
(C)
(D)
The conclusion regarding the time invariance of the system is (A) System is time-invariant (B) System is time variant (C) One more observation is required (D) Conclusion cannot be drawn from observation 44. The stable system is (A) y[ n] = x[ n] + 11 . y[ n - 1] (B) y[ n] = x[ n] 1 ( y[ n - 1] + y[ n - 2 ]) 2 be
48. The difference equation representation for a system is y[ n] - 2 y[ n - 1] + y[ n - 2 ] = x[ n] - x[ n - 1] If y[ n] = 0 for n < 0 and x[ n] = d[ n], then y[2 ] will (A) 2 (C) -1 (B) -2 (D) 0
49. Consider a discrete-time system S whose response to a complex exponential input e jpn S : e jpn
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2 2
is specified as
(C) y[ n] = x[ n] - (15 . y[ n - 1] + 0.4 y[ n - 2 ])
e jp3n
Page 263
UNIT 5
Signal & System
24. (B) y[ n] = {1, 4, 4, 10, 4, 4, 4, 1}
28. (C) For n + 2 < 0 for n + 2 0 or
or
n < - 2, y [ n] = 0
n+2 k=0
n - 2, y[ n] =
4k
4 1 1 , 3 12 4 n
1 1 2 0 2 1 1 2 0 2 1
2 2 4 0 4 2
0 0 0 0 0 0
2 2 4 0 4 2
1 1 2
4 1 1 n y[ n] = u[ n + 2 ] 3 12 4
n -2
29. (D) For n - 2 3 or n 5 , y[ n] =

0 2 1
k=
3k =
81 , 2
3n 6
for n - 2 4 or n 6, y[ n] = 3n , y[ n] = 6 81 , 2 n 5 n6
k = -
Fig. S5.2.24
25. (A) y[ n] = {2, 4, -19, 36, -25, 2, 12}
30. (A) For n - 3 < - 3 or

-3 -6 12 -9 6 12 -24 18 4 8 -16 12
n < 0,
n -3 k = -3
y[ n] = 0
1 2 -4 3 2 -4 3
4 8 -16 12
for n - 3 - 3 or y[ n] = ( n + 1) u[ n] 31. (A) For n - 1 < 0 For n -1 0 1, y[ n] = 0, or
n > 0, y[ n] =
1 = n + 1,
y[ n] = 0
n -1
or
n <1 ,
Fig. S5.2.25
p n 1, y[ n] = cos k k=0 2
26. (B) x[ n] = {1, 2, 1, 1}, h[ n] = {1, -1, 0, 0, 1}

n = 4 m + 1, 4 m + 2 n = 4 m, 4 m + 3 y2 [ n] = rect ( kv[ n])
32. (B) y1 [ n] = rect ( v[ n]) ,

1 1 -1 0 0 1 1 -1 0 0 1 2 2 -2 0 0 2 1 1 -1 0 0 1 1 -1 -1 0 0 1
y2 [ n] k y1 [ n]
(Not Homogeneous not linear) (Time Invariant) (Causal)
y1 [ n] = rect ( v[ n]), y2 [ n] = rect ( v[ n - no ]) y1 [ n - no ] = rect ( v[ n - no ]) = y2 [ n] At any discrete time n = no , the response depends only on the excitation at that discrete time. No matter what values the excitation may have the response can only have the values zero or one. (Stable) 33. (C) y1 [ n] = nv[ n] , ky1 [ n] = y2 [ n] Let x1 [ n] = v[ n] Let x2 [ n] = w[ n] then then y1 [ n] = nv[ n] y2 [ n] = nw[ n] y2 [ n] = nkv[ n] (Homogeneous)
Fig. S5.2.26
y[ n] = {1, 1, -1, 0, 0, 2, 1, 1}
y[ n ] = d[ n + 2 ] + d[ n + 1 ] - d[ n ] + 2 d[ n - 3 ] + d[ n - 4 ] + d[ n - 5 ]
27. (D) y[ n] = 1 2n - 2 = 1 1+ 2
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n -2
k=n -2
( -1)
2n -k = 2n
k=n -2
1 - 2
Let x3[ n] = v[ n] + w[ n] then y3[ n] = n( v[ n] + w[ n]) = nv[ n] + nw[ n] = y1 [ n] + y2 [ n] linear.

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(Additive)
8 ( -1) n 3
Since the system is homogeneous and additive, it is also y1 [ n - no ] = ( n - no) v[ n - no ] yn [ n] = nv[ n - no ]
Chap 5.2
(Time variant) At any discrete time, n = no the response depends only on the excitation at that same time. unbounded as n approaches infinity. 34. (C) y1 [ n] = y2 [ n] = ky1 [ n] y1 [ n] = y3[ n] = =
n +1 n +1 n = - n +1 n +1
If the excitation is bounded, the response is bounded. (Stable). 37. (B) y1 [ n] = 10 v[ n] - 5, y2 [ n] ky1 [ n] y2 [ n] = 10 kv[ n] - 5
(Causal) (Unstable)
If the excitation is a constant, the response is
(Not Homogeneous so not linear) (Time Invariant)
m = -
v[ m ] ,
y2 [ n ] =
n +1
y1 [ n] = 10 v[ n] - 5, y2 [ n] = 10 v[ n - no ] - 5 y1 [ n - no ] = 10 v[ n - no ] - 5, = y2 [ n] At any discrete time, n = no the response depends only on the excitation at that discrete time and not on any future excitation. (Causal) (Stable). If the excitation is bounded, the response is bounded.
m = -
kv[ m ]
(Homogeneous)
v[ m ], y2 [ n] =
n +1
n = -
w[ m ]
m = -
( v[ n] + w[ m ])
n +1 1 2
m = -
v[ m ] + w[ n] = y [ n] + y [ n]
m = -
(Additive)
38. (B) y[ n] = x[ n] + y[ n - 1], y[ n - 1] = x[ n - 1] + y[ n - 2 ] y[ n] = x[ n] + x[ n - 1] + y[ n - 2 ], Then by induction y[ n] = x[ n - 1] + x[ n - 2 ] + K x[ n - k] + K = x[ n - k]

k=0
Since the system is homogeneous and additive it is also linear y1 [ n] =

n +1 m = -
v[ n] , y2 [ n] =
n -no +1 m = -
n +1
m = -
v[ m - no ]
Let m = n - k then y[ n] = y1 [ n] =
y1 [ n - no ] =
v[ m ] =
n +1
m =n
x[ m ] = x[ m ]
m = - 1
q = -
v[ q - no ] = y2 [ n]
(Time Invariant)
m = -
v[ m ] ,
n
y2 [ n ] =
m = -
kv[ m ] = ky [ n]
(Homogeneous)
n
At any discrete time, n = no , the response depends on the excitation at the next discrete time in future. (Anti causal) If the excitation is a constant, the response increases without bound. (Unstable)
y3[ n] =
m = -
(v[ m ] + w[ m ]) = v[ m ] + w[ m ]
m = - m = -
= y1 [ n] + y2 [ n] System is Linear. y1 [ n] =
m = -
(Additive) , y2 =
v[ m ]
n -no
m = -
v[ n - n ]
o
35. (A) y1 [ n] = v[ n] , y2 = kv[ n] = k v[ n] ky1 [ n] = k v[ n] y2 [ n] (Not Homogeneous Not linear) y1 [ n] = v[ n] , y2 [ n] = v[ n - no ] y1 [ n - no ] = v[ n - no ] = y2 [ n] on the excitation at that time (Time Invariant) At any discrete time n = no , the response depends only (Causal) (Stable). 36. (B) y[ n] = 2 x [ n]
2
y1 [ n] can be written as y1 [ n - no ] =
m = -
v[ m ] = v[ q - n ] = y [ n]
q = - o 2
(Time Invariant) At any discrete time n = no the response depends only on the excitation at that discrete time and previous discrete time. without bound. (Causal) (Unstable) If the excitation is constant, the response increase
If the excitation is bounded, the response is bounded.
Let x1 [ n] = v[ n] ky[ n] y2 [ n] Let x1 [ n] = v[ n]
then y1 [ n] = 2 v 2 [ n] y2 [ n] = 2 k2 v 2 [ n] (Not homogeneous Not linear) then y1 [ n] = 2 v 2 [ n] (Time invariant) (Causal)
39. (C) Only statement (b) is false. For example S1 : y[ n] = x[ n] + b, and S2 : y[ n] = x[ n] - b , where b 0 S{x[ n]} = S2 {S1 {x[ n]}} = S2 {x[ n] + b} = x[ n] Hence S is linear. 40. (B) For example S1 : y[ n] = nx[ n] and S2 : y[ n] = nx[ n + 1] If x[ n] = d[ n] then S2 {S1 {d[ n]}} = S2 [0 ] = 0,
Page 267
Let x2 [ n] = kv[ n] then
Let x2 [ n] = v[ n - no ] then y2 [ n] = 2 v 2 [ n - no ] y1 [ n - no ] = 2 v[ n - no ] = y2 [ n] on the excitation at that time. At any discrete time, n = no , the response depends only
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CHAPTER
5.3
THE LAPLACE TRANSFORM
Statement for Q.1-12: Determine the Laplace transform of given signal. 1. x( t) = u( t - 2) (A) -e s
-2 s
6. x( t) = u( t) - u( t - 2) (A) (C) e -2 s - 1 s 2 s d { te - t u( t)} dt (B) (D) s ( s + 1) 2 e- s ( s + 1) 2 (B) (D) 1 - e -2 s s -2 s
(B)
-2 s
s 7. x( t) = (A)
e (C) 1+ s 2. x( t) = u( t + 2) (A) (C) 1 s e -2 s s
-2 s
(D) 0
1 s( s + 1) 2 e- s s+1
(B) (D)
1 s
(C)
-e - 2 s s
8. x( t) = tu( t) * cos 2 pt u( t) (A) 1 s( s 2 + 4 p2 ) 1 s ( s + 4 p2 )

2 2
3. x( t) = e -2 t u( t + 1) (A) (C) 1 s+2 e- ( s + 2 ) s+2 (B) (D) e- s s+2 -e - s s+2
(B)
2p s 2 ( s 2 + 4 p2 ) s3 s + 4 p2
2
(C)
(D)
9. x( t) = t 3u( t) (A) 3 s4 6 s4 (B) -3 s4 6 s4
4. x( t) = e 2 t u( -t + 2) (A) (C) e
2 (s - 2 )
-1 s -2
-2 ( s - 2 )
(B) (D)
e s+2 e s -2
-2 s
-2 s
(C)
1-e s -2
(D) -
5. x( t) = sin 5 t 5 (A) 2 s +5 5 (C) 2 s + 25 s (B) 2 s +5 s (D) 2 s + 25
10. x( t) = u( t - 1) * e -2 t u( t - 1) (A) e -2 ( s + 1 ) 2s + 1 e- ( s + 2 ) s+2 (B) e -2 ( s + 1 ) s+1 e -2 ( s + 1 ) s+2

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(C)
(D)
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UNIT 5
Signal & System
11. x( t) = e -3t cos 2 t dt

0
17. X ( s) = ( s + 3) s(( s + 3) 2 + 4) -s( s + 3) ( s + 3) 2 + 4
s2 - 3 ( s + 2)( s 2 + 2 s + 1) (B) ( e -2 t + 2 te - t ) u( t) (D) ( e - t + 2 te -2 t ) u( t)
(A)
-( s + 3) s(( s + 3) 2 + 4) s( s + 3) ( s + 3) 2 + 4 d -t { e cos t u( t)} dt
(B)
(A) ( e -2 t - 2 te - t ) u( t) (C) ( e - t - 2 te -2 t ) u( t) 18. X ( s) =
(C)
(D)
12. x( t) = t
3s + 2 s + 2 s + 10 1 -t (A) 3e cos 3t - e- t sin 3t u( t) 3

2
-( s 2 + 4 s + 2) (A) 2 ( s + 2 s + 2) 2 (C) ( s + 2 s + 2) ( s 2 + 4 s + 2) 2
2
( s 2 + 4 s + 2) (B) 2 ( s + 2 s + 2) 2 (D) -( s + 2 s + 2) ( s 2 + 4 s + 2) 2
2
1 (B) 3e- t sin 3t - e- t cos 3t u( t) 3 (C) ( 3e - t cos 3t - e - t sin 3t) u( t) (D) ( 3e - t sin 3t + 3e- t cos 3t) u( t) 19. X ( s) = 4 s 2 + 8 s + 10 ( s + 2)( s 2 + 2 s + 5)
Statement for Q.1324: Determine the time signal x( t) corresponding to given X ( s) and choose correct option. s+3 13. X ( s) = 2 s + 3s + 2 (A) (2 e -2 t + e - t ) u( t) (C) (2 e -2 t - e - t ) u( t) 14. X ( s) = 2 s 2 + 10 s + 11 s2 + 5 s + 6 (B) (2 e - t - e -2 t ) u( t) (D) (2 e - t + e -2 t ) u( t)
(A) (2 e -2 t + 2 e - t sin 2 t - 2 e - t cos 2 t) u( t) (B) (2 e -2 t + 2 e - t cos 2 t - 2 e - t sin 2 t) u( t) (C) (2 e -2 t + 2 e - t cos 2 t - e - t sin 2 t) u( t) (D) (2 e -2 t + 2 e - t sin 2 t - e - t cos 2 t) u( t) 20. X ( s) = 3s 2 + 10 s + 10 ( s + 2)( s 2 + 6 s + 10)
(A) ( e -2 t + 2 e -3t cos t + 2 e -3t sin t) u( t) (B) ( e -2 t + 2 e -3t cos t - 6 e -3t sin t) u( t) (C) ( e -2 t + 2 e -3t cos t - 2 e -3t sin t) u( t) (D) (9 e -2 t - 6 e -3t cos t + 3e -3t sin t) u( t) 21. X ( s) = 2 s 2 + 11s + 16 + e -2 s ( s2 + 5 s + 6)
(A) 2 d( t) + ( e -3t - e-2 t ) u( t) (B) 2 d( t) + ( e -2 t - e-3t ) u( t) (C) 2 d( t) + ( e (D) 2 d( t) - ( e 15. X ( s) =

-t -2 t -2 t
+ e ) u( t) + e -3t ) u( t)
-3t
(A) 2 d( t) + ( 3e -2 t - 2 e-3t ) u( t - 2) (B) 2 d( t) + (2 e -2 t - e -3t + e -2 ( t - 2 ) + e -3( t - 2 ) ) u( t) (C) 2 d( t) + (2 e -2 t - e -3t ) u( t) + ( e -2 t - e -3t ) u( t - 2) (D) 2 d( t) + (2 e -2 t - e -3t ) u( t) + ( e -2 ( t - 2 ) - e -3( t - 2 ) ) u( t - 2) 22. X ( s) = s d2 ds 2 1 1 s2 + 9 + s+3
2s - 1 s2 + 2 s + 1
-t
(A) ( 3e - 2 te ) u( t) (B) ( 3e- t + 2 te- t ) u( t) (C) (2 e- t - 3te- t ) u( t) (D) (2 e- t + 3te- t ) u( t) 16. X ( s) = 5s + 4 s 3 + 3s 2 + 2 s
-3t 2 t t2 (A) u( t) e + 3 sin 3t + 9 cos 3t (B) ( e -3t + 2 t sin 3t + t 2 cos 3t) u( t) 2t (C) e -3t + sin 3t + t 2 cos 3t u( t) 3 (D) ( e -3t + t 2 sin 3t + 2 t cos 3t) u( t)
(A) (2 + e - t + 3e -2 t ) u( t) (B) (2 + e - t - 3e -2 t ) u( t) (C) ( 3 + e - t - 3e -2 t ) u( t) (D) ( 3 + e - t + 3e -2 t ) u( t)

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The Laplace Transform
Chap 5.3
23. X ( s) = (A) e (C)

-0 .5t
1 (2 s + 1) 2 + 4 1 (B) e - t sin t u( t) 2 (D) e - t sin t u( t) (B) -te - t u( t - 1) (D) te - t u( t - 1)
Statement for Q.3033: Given the transform pair x( t) u( t)

L
sin t u( t)
1 -0 .5t e sin t u( t) 4
-2 s
2s . s2 + 2
Determine the Laplace transform Y ( s) of the given time signal in question and choose correct option.
24. X ( s) = e
1 d 1) 2 ds ( s +
30. y( t) = x( t - 2) (A) 2 se -2 s s2 + 2 2( s - 2) ( s - 2) 2 + 1 dx( t) dt (B) (D) 4 ( s 2 + 2) 2 4 ( s 2 + 2) 2 (B) 2 se 2 s s2 + 2 2( s + 2) ( s + 2) 2 + 1
(A) - te - t u(1 - t) (C) -( t - 2) 2 e - ( t - 2 ) u( t - 2) Statement for Q.2529:
(C)
(D)
Given the transform pair below. Determine the time signal y( t) and choose correct option. cos 2 t u( t) 25. Y ( s) = ( s + 1) X ( s) (A) [cos 2 t - 2 sin 2 t ]u( t) (C) [cos 2 t + 2 sin 2 t ]u( t) sin 2 t (B) cos 2 t + u( t) 2 sin 2 t (D) cos 2 t u( t) 2 (C)
L
31. y( t) = x( t) * (A) 4 s3 ( s 2 + 2) 2 -4 s 3 ( s + 2) 2
2
X ( s).
32. y( t) = e - t x( t) (A) (C) 2( s + 1) ( s + 1) 2 + 2 2( s + 1) s2 + 2 s + 4 (B) (D) 2( s + 1) s2 + 2 s + 2 2( s + 1) s2 + 2 s
26. Y ( s) = X ( 3s) 2 (A) cos t u( t) 3 (C) cos 6 t u( t) 27. Y ( s) = X ( s + 2) (A) cos 2( t - 2) u( t) (C) cos 2( t + 2) u( t) X ( s) 28. Y ( s) = 2 s (A) 4 cos 2 t u( t) (C) t cos 2 t u( t)
2
1 2 (B) cos t u( t) 3 3 (D) 1 cos 6 t u( t) 3
33. y( t) = 2 tx( t) (A) (C) 8 - 4 s2 ( s 2 + 2) 2 4 s2 s2 + 1 (B) (D) 4 s2 - 8 ( s 2 + 2) 2 s2 s +1

2
(B) e2 t cos 2 t u( t) (D) e-2 t cos 2 t u( t)
Statement for Q.3443: Determine the bilateral laplace transform and (B) 1 - cos 2 t u( t) 4 choose correct option. 34. x( t) = e - t u( t + 2) (A) (B) (B) t cos 2( t - 3) u( t) (D) -t cos 2( t - 3) u( t) (C) (D) e2 ( s + 1 ) , s+1 1 , 1+ s e2 ( s + 1 ) , s+1 1 , 1+ s Re ( s) > -1 Re ( s) < - 1 Re ( s) < - 1 Re ( s) > -1
Page 271
cos 2 t (D) u( t) t2
29. Y ( s) =
d -3s [ e X ( s)] ds
(A) t cos 2( t - 3) u( t - 3) (C) -t cos 2( t - 3) u( t - 3)
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UNIT 5
Signal & System
35. x( t) = u( -t + 3) 1 - e -3s , (A) s (B) -e -3s , s

-3s
(A) Re ( s) > 0 (B) Re ( s) < 0 (C)
e 3s , s-3 e 3s , s-3 e 3( s -1 ) , s-3 e 3( s -1 ) , s-3
Re ( s) > 3 Re ( s) < 3 Re ( s) > 3 Re ( s) < 3
1-e (C) s (D)
Re ( s) < 0 (D) Re ( s) > 0
-e -3s , s
36. y( t) = d( t + 1) (A) e , Re( s) > 0

s s
(B) e , Re ( s) < 0
s
41. x( t) = cos 3t u( -t) * e - t u( t) -s , (A) ( s + 1)( s2 + 9) (B) (C) -s , ( s + 1)( s2 + 9) s , ( s + 1)( s 2 + 9) s , ( s + 1)( s 2 + 9)
Re ( s) > 0 -1 < Re ( s) < 0 -1 < Re ( s) < 0 Re ( s) > 0
(C) e , all s 37. x( t) = sin t u( t) 1 , (A) (1 + s 2 ) (B) 1 , (1 + s 2 )
(D) None of above
Re ( s) < 0 (D) Re ( s) > 0 Re ( s) < 0 Re ( s) > 0
-1 (C) , (1 + s 2 ) (D) -1 , (1 + s 2 )
t 2
42. x( t) = e t sin (2 t + 4) u( t + 2) (A) (B) (C) (D) e 2 ( s -1 ) , ( s - 1) 2 + 4 e 2 ( s -1 ) , ( s - 1) 2 + 4 e( s - 2 ) , ( s - 1) 2 + 4 e( s - 2 ) , ( s - 1) 2 + 4 d -2 t [ e u( -t)] dt Re ( s) < - 1 Re ( s) > -1 Re ( s) < - 1 Re ( s) > -1 Re ( s) > 1 Re ( s) < 1 Re ( s) > 1 Re ( s) < 1
38. x( t) = e u( t) + e u( t) + e u( -t)
t
-t
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 s2 + 2 s - 2 , (2 s + 1)( s 2 - 1) 6 s2 + 2 s - 2 , (2 s + 1)( s 2 - 1) 1 1 1 , + + s + 0.5 s + 1 s - 1 1 1 1 , + s + 0.5 s + 1 s - 1
Re ( s) < - 0.5 -1 > Re ( s) > 1 -1 < Re ( s) < 1 -0.5 < Re ( s) < 1

t
43. x( t) = e t (A) (B) (C) (D) 1-s , s+1 1-s , s+1 s -1 , s+1 s -1 , s+1
39. x( t) = e t cos 2 t u( -t) + e - t u( t) + e 2 u( t) (A) (B) (C) (D) (1 - s) 1 1 , 0.5 < Re ( s) < 1 + + 2 ( s - 1) + 4 s + 1 s - 0.5 (1 - s) 1 1 , -1 < Re ( s) < 1 + + ( s - 1) 2 + 4 s + 1 s - 0.5 ( s - 1) 1 1 , 0.5 < Re ( s) < 1 + + ( s - 1) 2 + 4 s + 1 s - 0.5 ( s - 1) 1 1 , -1 < Re ( s) < 1 + + ( s - 1) 2 + 4 s + 1 s - 0.5
Statement for Q.4449: Determine the corresponding time signal for given bilateral Laplace transform. 44. X ( s) = e 5s with ROC: Re ( s) < -2 s+2
40. x( t) = e ( 3t + 6 ) u( t + 3)
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(A) e -2 ( t + 5) u( t + 5)
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UNIT 5
Signal & System
(A)
1 -t e sin t u( t) 2
(B) 2 e- t cos t u( t) 1 -t e sin t u( t) 2
62. A stable system has input is (A) d( t) - ( e -2 t cos t + e -2 t sin t) u( t) (B) d( t) - ( e -2 t cos t + e -2 t sin t) u( t - 2) (C) d( t) - ( e 2 t cos t + e 2 t sin t) u( t) (D) d( t) - ( e 2 t cos t + e 2 t sin t) u( t + 2)
x( t) and output
y( t) = e -2 t cos t u( t). The impulse response of the system
(C) 2 e - t cos t u( t) + (D)
1 -t e cos t u( t - 1) + 2 e - t sin t u( t - 1) 2 d 3 y( t) d 2 y( t) dy( t) + 4 +3 = x( t) 3 2 dt dt dt All initial condition are zero, x( t) = 10 e -2 t
58.
63. The relation ship between the input x( t) and output y( t) of a causal system is described by the differential equation dy( t) + 10 y( t) = 10 x( t) dt The impulse response of the system is (A) -10 e -10 t u( -t + 10) (C) 10 e -10 t u( -t + 10) (B) 10 e -10 t u( t) (D) -10 e -10 t u( t)
5 5 (A) + 5 e - t - 5 e -2 t + e -3t u( t) 3 3 5 5 (B) - 5 e - t + 5 e -2 t + e -3t u( t) 3 3 (C) (D) 5 5 u( t) - 5 u( t - 1) + 5 u( t - 2) + u( t - 3) 3 3 5 5 u( t) + 5 u( t - 1) - 5 u( t - 2) + u( t - 3) 3 3
59. The transform function H ( s) of a causal system is 2 s2 + 2 s - 2 H ( s) = s2 - 1 The impulse response is (A) 2 d( t) - ( e- t + et ) u( -t) (B) 2 d( t) - ( e + e ) u( t)
t -t
64. The relationship between the input x( t) and output y( t) of a causal system is defined as d 2 y( t) dy( t) dx( t) . - 2 y( t) = -4 x( t) + 5 2 dt dt dt The impulse response of system is (A) 3e - t u( t) + 2 e 2 t u( -t) (B) ( 3e - t + 2 e 2 t ) u( t) (C) 3e - t u( t) - 2 e 2 t u( -t) (D) ( 3e - t - 2 e 2 t ) u( -t)
*******
(C) 2 d( t) + e u( t) - e u( -t)
t
-t
(D) 2 d( t) + ( e- t + et ) u( t) 60. The transfer function H ( s) of a stable system is 2s - 1 H ( s) = 2 s + 2s + 1 The impulse response is (A) 2 u( -t + 1) - 3tu( -t + 1) (B) ( 3te- t - 2 e- t ) u( t) (C) 2 u( t + 1) - 3tu( t + 1) (D) (2 e- t - 3te- t ) u( t) 61. The transfer function H ( s) of a stable system is H ( s) = s2 + 5 s - 9 ( s + 1)( s 2 - 2 s + 10)
The impulse response is (A) -e - t u( t) + ( e t sin 3t + 2 e t cos 3t) u( t) (B) -e - t u( t) - ( e t sin 3t + 2 e t cos 3t) u( -t) (C) -e - t u( t) - ( e t sin 3t + 2 e t cos 3t) u( t) (D) -e - t u( t) + ( e t sin 3t + 2 e t cos 3t) u( -t)
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Chap 5.3
SOLUTIONS
1. (B) X ( s) = x( t) e - st dt = e - st dt =
0 2
r ( t) = e -2 t u( t)
R( s) =
1 s+2 e- ( s + 2 ) s2
e -2 s s
v( t) = e -2 t u( t - 1) x( t) = q( t) * v( t) 1 s e X ( s) = s+2
-2 ( s + 1 )
L L
V ( s) =
X ( s) = Q( s) V ( s)
2. (A) X ( s) = x( t) e -3t dt = u( t + 2) -3t dt = e -3t dt =

0 0 0
L 11. (B) p( t) = e -3t cos 2 t u( t) P ( s) =
3. (A) X ( s) = e -2 t e - st dt =
0
1 s+2
s+3 ( s + 3) 2 + 4
p( t) dt X ( s) =
1 P ( s) p( t) dt + s - s
4. (C) X ( s) = x( t) e - st dt = e 2 t u( -t + 2) e - st dt
0 0
( s + 3) s[( s + 3) 2 + 4 ]
L
= e t ( 2 - s ) dt =
0
2 (2 - s )
- 1 1 - e -2 ( 2 - s ) = 2-s s -2
12. (A) p( t) = e - t cos t u( t) q( t) = d p( t) dt

L
P ( s) =
s+1 ( s + 1) 2 + 1
5. (C) X ( s) =
2
5 ( e j 5t - e - j 5t ) - st e dt = 2 2 25 j s + 0 1 - e -2 s s
L
Q( s) = X ( s) = -
s( s + 1) ( s + 1) 2 + 1 d Q( s) ds
x( t) = tq( t) 6. (B) X ( s) = e - st dt =
0
P ( s) = 1 ( s + 1) 2
X ( s) =
-( s 2 + 4 s + 2) ( s 2 + 2 s + 2) 2 s+3 A B = + ( s + 3s + 2) s + 1 s + 2
2
7. (B) p( t) = te - t u( t) x( t) = d p( t) dt
L
13. (B) X ( s) = A=
X ( s) =
s ( s + 1) 2 1 s2 s s + 4 p2
2
s+3 s+3 = 2, B = = -1 s + 2 s = -1 s + 1 s = -2
8. (A) p( t) = tu( t) q( t) = cos 2 pt u( t) x( t) = p( t) * q( t) X ( s) =

2
P ( s) = Q( s) =
x( t) = [2 e - t - e -2 t ]u( t) 14. (A) X ( s) = 2 1 1 1 =2 + ( s + 2) ( s + 3) ( s + 2) ( s + 3)
L L
X ( s) = P ( s)Q( s)
x( t) = 2 d( t) + ( e-3t - e-3t ) u( t) 15. (C) X ( s) = 2s - 1 A B = + s 2 + 2 s + 1 ( s + 1) ( s + 1) 2
1 s( s + 4 p2 )
L
9. (C) p( t) = tu( t) q( t) = - tp( t) x( t) = - tq( t) t n u( t)
P ( s) =
1 s2
B = (2 s - 2) s = -1 = -3, A = 2 x( t) = x( t) = [2 e - t - 3te - t ]u( t) 16. (B) X ( s) = 5s + 4 A B C = + + 2 s + 3s + 2 s s s + 1 s + 2

3
Q( s) = X ( s) =
d -2 P ( s) = 3 ds s
d 6 Q( s) = 4 ds s
A = sX ( s) s = 0 = 2, B = ( s + 1) X ( s) s = -1 = 1, C = ( s + 2) X ( s) s = -2 = -3 x( t) = [2 + e - t - 3e -2 t ]u( t)
n! sn + 1
L
10. (D) p( t) = u( t) q( t) = u( t - 1)
P ( s) = e- s s2
1 s
17. (C) X ( s) = =
s2 - 3 ( s + 2)( s 2 + 2 s + 1)
Q( s) =
A B C + + ( s + 2) ( s + 1) ( s + 1) 2
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UNIT 5
Signal & System
A = ( s + 2) X ( s) s = -2 = 1, C = ( s + 1) 2 X ( s) A + B =1 x( t) = [ e
-2 t
-t
B =0
s = -1
= -2
- te ]u( t) 3s + 2 3( s + 1) 1 = 2 2 ( s + 1) 2 + 32 s + 2 s + 10 ( s + 1) + 3
2
s L 23. (C) P ap( at) a 1 1 -t L e sin 2 t u( t) ( s + 1) 2 + 4 2 x( t)

L
18. (A) X ( s) =
1 -0 .5t e sin t u( t) 4 1 ( s + 1) 2
L L L
1 x( t) = 3e - t cos 3t - e - t sin 3t u( t) 3 19. (C) X ( s) = 4 s 2 + 8 s + 10 ( s + 2)( s 2 + 2 s + 5)
24. (C) P ( s) = Q( s) = d P ( s) ds
p( t) = te - t u( t)
q( t) = -tp( t) = -t 2 e - t u( t) x( t) = q( t - 2)
A B( s + 1) C = + + 2 2 ( s + 2) ( s + 1) + 2 ( s + 1) 2 + 2 2 A = ( s + 2) X ( s) s = -2 = 2 A + B=4 B =2 C = -2 5 A + 2 B + 2 C = 10
X ( s) = e -2 sQ( s)
x( t) = - ( t - 2) e ( t - 2 ) u( t - 2)
L
25. (A) sX ( s) + X ( s)
dx( t) + x( t) dt
x( t) = [2 e -2 t + 2 e - t cos 2 t - e - t sin 2 t ]u( t) 3s 2 + 10 s + 10 20. (B) X ( s) = ( s + 2)( s 2 + 6 s + 10) A B( s + 3) C = + + ( s + 2) ( s + 3) 2 + 1 ( s + 3) 2 + 1 A = ( s + 2) X ( s) s = -2 = 1, A + B = 3 10 A + 6 B + 2 C = 10 x( t) = [ e

-2 t
y( t) = ( -2 sin 2 t + cos 2 t ) u( t)
L
s 26. (B) X a X ( 3s) B =2

L
ax( at)
1 2 cos t u( t) 3 3
L
27. (D) X ( s + 2) 28. (B) P ( s) =
e-2 t x( t)
C = -6
-3t
+ 2e
-3t
cos t - 6 e
sin t ]u( t)
X ( s) s
- L t
x( t) dt
-
21. (D) X ( s) =
2 s 2 + 11s + 16 + e -2 s ( s2 + 5 s + 6) P ( s) s
L
cos 2 t u( t) dt =
sin 2 t 2
A B e -2 s e -2 s =2 + + + ( s + 2) ( s + 3) ( s + 2) ( s + 3) A= B= ( s + 2)(2 s 2 + 11s + 16) =2 ( s2 + 5 s + 6) s = -2 ( s + 3)(2 s + 11s + 16) = -1 ( s2 + 5 s + 6) s = -3

2
sin 2 t 1 - cos 2 t dt = u( t), 2 4 0

t L
29. (C) P ( s) = e -3s X ( s) = cos 2( t - 3) u( t - 3) d L Q( s) = P ( s) ds = -t cos 2( t - 3) u( t - 3). 30. (A) x( t - 2)

L
p( t) = x( t - 3)
x( t) = 2 d( t) + [2 e -2 t - e-3t ]u( t) + [ e -2 ( t - 2 ) - e -3( t - 2 ) ]u( t - 2) 22. (C) P ( s) = Q( s) = d2 P ( s) ds 2 1 s2 + 9

L
q( t) = - p( t)
p( t) =
1 sin 3t u( t) 3 t2 sin 3t u( t) 3
e -2 s X ( s), Y ( s) =
q( t) = ( -1) 2 t 2 p( t) = d q( t) - q(0 - ) dt
2 se -2 s s2 + 2
R( s) = sQ( s) =
r ( t) =
31. (A) p( t) =
d x( t) dt
P ( s) = sX ( s)
2t sin 3t u( t) + t 2 cos 3t u( t) 3 1 L V ( s) = v( t) = e -3t u( t) s+3 2 t x( t) = v( t) + r ( t) = sin 3t u( t) + t 2 cos 3t u( t) + e -3t u( t) 3

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y( t) = x( t) * p( t) 32. (A) e - t x ( t)
Y ( s) = P ( s) X ( s) = s( X ( s)) 2 X ( s + 1) = 2( s + 1) ( s + 1) 2 + 2
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Chap 5.3
33. (B) 2 tx( t)
-2
d 4 s2 - 8 X ( s) = 2 ds ( s + 2) 2
42. (A) x( t) = e -2 e t + 2 sin (2 t + 4) u( t + 2) p( t + 2) X ( s) =

L
e 2 s P ( s), Re ( s) > 1 -1 , Re ( s) < - 2 s+2
34. (A) X ( s) =

x( t) e
- st
dt e2 ( s + 1 ) , Re( s) > - 1 s+1

3 -3s
e 2 s e -2 , ( s - 1) 2 + 4
= e - t e - st dt = e - t ( s + 1 ) dt =
-2 -2
43. (A) p( t) = e -2 t u ( -t) q( t) = Re ( s) < 0 d p( t) dt

L
P ( s) =
-e 35. (B) X ( s) = u( -t + 3) e - st dt = e - st dt = s - - 36. (C) Y ( s) =
Q( s) = sP ( s) X ( s) = Q( s - 1) = 1-s 1+ s
x( t) = e t q( t)
d( t + 1) e
jt
- st
dt = e s ,
All s
Re ( s) < - 1 thus left-sided . 44. (C) Left-sided 1 L P ( s) = s+2 X ( s) = e 5s P ( s) Re ( s) > 0 x( t) = - e

L -2 ( t + 5)
37. (B) X ( s) =
( e - e ) - st e dt 2j 0
- jt
p( t) = -e -2 t u( -t) x( t) = p( t + 5)
1 1 1 , e t ( j - s ) dt e - t ( j + s ) dt = = j s2 2j 2 1 + 0 0 38. (D) X ( s) = e e - st + e - t e - st dt +
0 0 t 2
u( -( t + 5))
ee
t - st
dt
45. (A) Right-sided 1 L P ( s) = ( s - 3) X ( s) = d2 P ( s) ds 2

L
p( t) = e 3t u( t) x( t) = t 2 e 3t u( t)
1 1 1 + s + 0.5 s + 1 s - 1 -0.5 < Re ( s) < 1
Re ( s) > -0.5, Re ( s) > -1, Re ( s) < 1
46. (D) Left-sided x( t) = -u( -t) + u ( -t + 1) + d( t + 2)

t 2
39. (A) X ( s) =
( e - e ) - st e dt + e - t e- st dt + e e - st dt 2j 0 0
jt
- jt
47. (C) Right-sided, P ( s) = Q( s) = e-3s P ( s) d R( s) = Q( s) ds V ( s) = 1 R( s) s

t L L
1 s
p( t) = u( t)
Re ( s) < 1, Re ( s) > -1, Re ( s) > 0.5 Therefore X ( s) = 0.5 < Re ( s) < 1
q( t) = p( t - 3) = u( t - 3) r ( t) = -tq( t) = -tu( t - 3) v( t) =
s -1 1 1 + + ( s - 1) 2 + 4 ( s + 1) s - 0.5
r( t) dt
40. (C) x( t) = e -3e -3( t + 3) u( t + 3) p( t) = e u( t)

3t
v( t) = - tdt = 3
1 2 ( t - 9) 2 x( t) = 1 2 ( t - 9) 2 -
t
L L
1 P ( s) = s-3 Q( s) = e 3s P ( s) = e 3s s-3
X ( s) =
1 v( s) s
q( t) = p( t + 3) X ( s) = e 3( s -1 ) , s-3
Re ( s) > 3
L
9 -1 x( t) = ( t 3 - 27) + ( t - 3) u( t - 3) 6 2 -s - 4 -3 2 = + s 2 + 3s + 2 ( s + 1) s + 2
48. (B) X ( s) = P ( s)Q( s)
41. (B) p( t) * q( t)
-s 1 X ( s) = 2 s + 9 s + 1 Re ( s) > -1, Re ( s) < 0 -1 < Re ( s) < 0
Left-sided, x( t) = 3e - t u( -t) - 2 e -2 t u( -t) 49. (A) X ( s) = Left-sided,

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5 1 ( s + 1) ( s + 1) 2
x( t) = -5 u( -t) + te - t u( -t)
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UNIT 5
Signal & System
50. (D) x(0 + ) = lim sX ( s) =

x
s =0 s + 5s - 2
2
h( t) = (2 e - t - 3te - t ) u( t). 61. (A) H ( s) = -1 2( s - 1) 3 + + ( s + 1) ( s - 1) 2 + 32 ( s - 1) 2 + 32
s2 + 2 s 51. (A) x(0 + ) = lim sX ( s) = 2 =1 s s + 2s - 3 52. (D) x(0 + ) = lim sX ( s) =

s
System is stable h( t) = - e - t u( t) + (2 e t cos 3t + et sin 3t) u( -t) 62. (A) X ( s) = H ( s) = =1 1 , s+1 Y ( s) = ( s + 2) ( s + 2) 2 + 1
-2 s
(6s + s ) =0 s2 + 2 s - 2
3 2
53. (A) x( ) = lim sX ( s) =

s 0
2 s3 + 3s =0 s2 + 5 s + 1
Y ( s) ( s + 1)( s + 2) = X ( s) ( s + 2) 2 + 1
s+2 54. (C) x( ) = lim sX ( s) = 2 =2 s 0 s + 3s + 1 55. (B) x( ) = lim sX ( s) =

s 0 -
( s + 2) 1 ( s + 2) 2 + 1 ( s + 2) 2 + 1
h( t) = d( t) - ( e-2 t cos t + e-2 t sin t) u( t) 63. (B) sY ( s) + 10 Y ( s) = 10 X ( s) H ( s) = Y ( s) 10 = X ( s) s + 10
e -3s (2 s2 + 1) 1 = s2 + 5 s + 4 4
56. (C) sY ( s) - y(0 ) + 10 Y ( s) = 10( s) 1 y(0 ) = 1, X ( s) = s 10 1 1 Y ( s) = + = s( s + 1) ( s + 1) s

-
h( t) = 10 e-10 t u( t)
64. (B) Y ( s)( s 2 - s - 2) = X ( s)(5 s - 4) H ( s) = Y ( s) 5s - 4 3 2 = = + X ( s) s 2 - s - 2 s + 1 s - 2
y( t) = u( t)
2
h( t) = 3e - t u( t) + 2 e 2 t u( t).
57. (C) s Y ( s) - 2 s + 2 sY ( s) - 2 + 5 Y ( s) = 1 ( s 2 + 2 s + 5) Y ( s) = 3 + 2 s 2s + 3 2( s + 1) 1 Y ( s) = 2 = + s + 2 s + 5 ( s + 1) 2 + 2 2 ( s + 1) 2 + 2 2 y( t) = 2 e - t cos t u( t) + 1 -t e sin t u( t) 2 10 ( s + 2)
***********
58. (B) s 3Y ( s) + 4 s 2 Y ( s) + 3sY ( s) = Y ( s) =
10 A B C D = + + + s( s + 1)( s + 2)( s + 3) s ( s + 1) ( s + 2) s + 3
5 A = sY ( s) s = 0 = , B = ( s + 1) Y ( s) s = -1 = -5, 3 C = ( s + 2) Y ( s) s = -2 = 5, D = ( s + 3) Y ( s) s = 0 = 5 5 y( t) = - 5 e - t + 5 e -2 t + e -3t u( t) 3 3 h( t) = 0 for t < 0 5 3
59. (D) For a causal system H ( s) = 2 + 1 1 + s + 1 s -1
h( t) = 2 d( t) + ( e- t + e t ) u( t) 2 3 , System is stable s + 1 ( s + 1) 2
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60. (D) H ( s) =
Page 278
CHAPTER
5.4
THE Z-TRANSFORM
Statement forQ.1-12: Determine the z-transform and choose correct option. 1. x[ n] = d[ n - k] , k > 0 (A) z , (C) z ,
k k
6. x[ n] = 3n u[ -n - 1] z (A) , |z|> 3 3-z (C) 3 , |z|> 3 3-z

|n|
(B) (D)
z , |z|< 3 3-z 3 , |z|< 3 3-z
z >0 z 0
(B) z (D) z
-k -k
, ,
z >0 z 0
2. x[ n] = d[ n + k] , k > 0 (A) z - k , z 0 (C) z - k , all z 3. x[ n] = u[ n] 1 (A) , |z|> 1 1 - z -1 (C) z , |z|< 1 1 - z -1

n
2 7. x[ n] = 3 (A)
(B) z k , z 0 (D) z k , all z
-5 z 3 2 , - <z <(2 z - 3)( 3z - 2) 2 3 -5 z 2 3 , <|z|< (2 z - 3)( 3z - 2) 3 2 5z 2 2 , <|z |< (2 z - 3) ( 3z - 2) 3 3 5z 3 2 , - <z <(2 z - 3)( 3z - 2) 2 3
n n
(B) (B) (D) 1 , |z|< 1 1 - z -1 z , |z|> 1 1 - z -1
(C)
(D)
1 4. x[ n] = ( u[ n] - u[ n - 5 ]) 4 (A) (C) z - 0.25 , z > 0.25 z 4 ( z - 0.25)

5 5
(B) (D)
z - 0.25 , z >0 z 4 ( z - 0.25)

5 5
1 1 8. x[ n] = u[ n] + u[ -n - 1] 2 4 (A) 1 1 , 1 -1 1 -1 1- z 1- z 2 4 1 1 + , 1 -1 1 -1 1- z 1- z 4 2 1 1 <|z|< 4 2 1 1 <|z|< 4 2
z 5 - 0.25 5 , z < 0.25 z 3( z - 0.25)

4
z 5 - 0.25 5 , all z z 4 ( z - 0.25)
1 5. x[ n] = u[ -n] 4 (A) (C) 4z 1 , |z|> 4z - 1 4 1 1 , |z|> 1 - 4z 4 (B) (D) 4z 1 , |z|< 4z - 1 4 1 1 , |z|< 1 - 4z 4
(B)
(C)
1 1 1 , |z|> 1 -1 1 -1 2 1- z 1- z 2 4

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Page 279
UNIT 5
Signal & System
33. X ( z) =
1 1 , |z|< -2 1 - 4z 4
37. Consider three different signal

n 1 x1 [ n] = 2 n - u[ n] 2
(A) - 2 2 ( k + 1 ) d[ -n - 2( k + 1)]
k=0
(B) - 2 2 ( k + 1 ) d[ -n + 2( k + 1)]
k=0
x2 [ n] = -2 n u[ -n - 1] + x3[ n] = - 2 n u[ -n - 1] -
1 u[ -n - 1] 2n 1 u[ n] 2n
(C) - 2 2 ( k + 1 ) d[ n + 2( k + 1)]
k=0
(D) - 2 2 ( k + 1 ) d[ n - 2( k + 1)]
k=0
Fig. P.5.4.37 shows the three different region. Choose the correct option for the ROC of signal
Im R1 z - plane R2 R3 2 Re
1 2
34. X ( z) = ln (1 + z -1 ) , |z|> 0 ( -1) (A) k

k -1
d[ n - 1]
( -1) (B) k
k -1
d[ n + 1]
( -1) k (C) d[ n - 1] k 35. If z-transform is given by
( -1) k (D) d[ n + 1] k
X ( z) = cos ( z -3), |z|> 0, The value of x[12 ] is (A) (C) 1 24 1 6 (B) (D) 1 24 1 6 (A) (B) (C) (D) R1 x1 [ n] x2 [ n ] x1 [ n] x3[ n] R2
Fig. P5.4.37
R3 x3[ n] x1 [ n] x2 [ n ] x1 [ n]
x2 [ n ] x3[ n] x3[ n] x2 [ n ]
36. X ( z) of a system is specified by a pole zero pattern in fig. P.5.4.36.

Im z - plane Re 2
38. Given 7 -1 z 6 X ( z) = 1 -1 1 -1 1 - z 1 + z 2 3 1+ For three different ROC consider there different
1 3
Fig. P.5.4.36
solution of signal x[ n] : (a) |z|>

n 1 1 -1 , x[ n] = n -1 - u[ n] 2 3 2
Consider three different solution of x[ n]

n 1 x1 [ n] = 2 n - u[ n] 3
(b) |z|<
1 u[ n] 3n 1 x3[ n] = - 2 n u[ n - 1] + n u[ -n - 1] 3 Correct solution is x2 [ n] = - 2 n u[ n - 1] (A) x1 [ n] (C) x3[ n] (B) x2 [ n] (D) All three
-1 -1 1 , x[ n] = n -1 + 3 3 2
u[ -n + 1]
n
(c)
1 1 1 -1 <|z |< , x[ n] = - n -1 u[ -n - 1] - u[ n] 3 2 2 3
Correct solutions are (A) (a) and (b) (C) (b) and (c) (B) (a) and (c) (D) (a), (b), (c)
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The z-Transform
Chap 5.4
39. X ( z) has poles at z = 1 2 and z = -1. If time signal x[ n] is (A) 1 u[ n] - ( -1) n u[ -n - 1] 2 n -1
x [1] = 1
44. The transfer function of a causal system is given as H ( z) = 5z2 z2 - z - 6
x [ -1] = 1, and the ROC includes the point z = 3 4. The
The impulse response is (A) ( 3n + ( -1) n 2 n + 1 ) u[ n] (B) ( 3n + 1 + 2 ( -2) n ) u[ n] (C) ( 3n -1 + ( -1) n 2 n + 1 ) u[ n] (D) ( 3n -1 - ( -2) n + 1 ) u[ n] 45. A causal system has input x[ n] = d[ n] + y[ n] = d[ n] 1 1 d[ n - 1] - d[ n - 2 ] and output 4 8 3 d[ n - 1] . 4
1 (B) n u[ n] - ( -1) n u[ -n - 1] 2 (C) (D) 1 2 n -1 u[ n] + u[ -n + 1]
1 u[ n] + u[ -n + 1] 2n
40. x[ n] is right-sided, X ( z) has a signal pole, and x[0 ] = 2, x[2 ] = 1 2. x[ n] is u[ -n] (A) n -1 2 (C) u[ -n] 2n +1 u[ n] (B) n -1 2 (D) u[ -n] 2n +1
The impulse response of this system is (A)

n n 1 -1 1 5 2 u[ n] 3 4 2
41. The z-transform function of a stable system is given as 23 -1 z 2 1 -1 z ) 2 (B)
1 1 -1 5 + 2 3 4 2
n
u[ n]
H ( z) =
(1 - 2 z -1 ) (1 +
(C)
1 3
n 1 n -1 5 2 u[ n] 4 2 n n
The impuse response h[ n] is 1 (A) 2 n u[ -n + 1] - u[ n] 2 -1 (B) 2 n u[ -n - 1] + u[ n] 2 -1 (C) -2 n u[ -n - 1] + u[ n] 2 1 (D) 2 n u[ n] - u[ n] 2 42. Let x[ n] = d[ n - 2 ] + d[ n + 2 ]. (B) z 2 (D) 2 z 2 The unilateral
n n n n
(D)
1 1 1 5 + 2 3 2 4
u[ n]
46. A causal system has input x[ n] = ( -3) n u[ n] and output

n 1 y[ n] = 4(2) n - u[ n]. 2
The impulse response of this system is

n 1 n 1 (A) 7 - 10 u[ n] 2 2 n 1 (B) 7(2 n ) - 10 u[ n] 2 n 1 (D) 10 (2 n ) - 7 u[ n] 2
z-transform is (A) z -2 (C) -2 z -2
1 2 (C) 10 - 7(2) n u[ n] 2
47. A system has impulse response h[ n] = 1 u[ n] 2n
43. The unilateral z-transform of signal x[ n] = u[ n + 4 ] is (A) 1 + z + z 2 + 3z + z 4 (C) 1 + z -1 + z -2 + z -3 + z -4 (B) (D) 1 1-z 1 1 - z -1
The output y[ n] to the input x[ n] is given by y[ n] = 2 d[ n - 4 ]. The input x[ n] is (A) 2 d[ -n - 4 ] - d[ -n - 5 ] (C) 2 d[ -n + 4 ] - d[ -n + 5 ]

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(B) 2 d[ n + 4 ] - d[ n + 5 ] (D) 2 d[ n - 4 ] - d[ n - 5 ]
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UNIT 5
Signal & System
48. A system is described by the difference equation y[ n] 1 y[ n - 1] = 2 x[ n - 1] 2
53. The z-transform of a signal x[ n] is given by X ( z) = 3 10 -1 1z + z -2 3
The impulse response of the system is -1 1 (B) n - 2 u[ n + 1] (A) n - 2 u[ n - 1] 2 2 (C) 1 2

n -2
If X ( z) converges on the unit circle, x[ n] is (A) (B) 1 3n -1 8 1 3n -1 8 1 3n -1 8 1 3

n -1
u[ n - 2 ]
(D)
-1 u[ n - 2 ] 2n -2
u[ n] -
3n + 3 u[ -n - 1] 8
u[ n] u[ n] -
49. A system is described by the difference equation y[ n] = x[ n] - x[ n - 2 ] + x[ n - 4 ] - x[ n - 6 ] The impulse response of system is (A) d[ n] - 2 d[ n + 2 ] + 4 d[ n + 4 ] - 6 d[ n + 6 ] (B) d[ n] + 2 d[ n - 2 ] - 4 d[ n - 4 ] + 6 d[ n - 6 ] (C) d[ n] - d[ n - 2 ] + d[ n - 4 ] - d[ n - 6 ] (D) d[ n] - d[ n + 2 ] + d[ n + 4 ] - d[ n + 6 ] 50. The impulse response of a system is given by h[ n] = 3 u[ n - 1]. 4n (C)
3n + 3 u[ -n - 1] 8 3n + 3 u[ -n] 8 3n + 3 u[ -n] 8
(D) -
u[ n] -
54. The transfer function of a system is given as H ( z) = 4 z -1 1 -1 1 - z 4

2
, |z|>
1 4
The h[ n] is (A) Stable (C) Stable and Causal (B) Causal (D) None of the above
The difference equation representation for this system is (A) 4 y[ n] - y[ n - 1] = 3 x[ n - 1] (B) 4 y[ n] - y[ n + 1] = 3 x[ n + 1] (C) 4 y[ n] + y[ n - 1] = - 3 x[ n - 1] (D) 4 y[ n] + y[ n + 1] = 3 x[ n + 1] 51. The impulse response of a system is given by h[ n] = d[ n] - d[ n - 5 ] The difference equation representation for this system is (A) y[ n] = x[ n] - x[ n - 5 ] (C) y[ n] = x[ n] + 5 x[ n - 5 ] (B) y[ n] = x[ n] - x[ n + 5 ] (D) y[ n] = x[ n] - 5 x[ n + 5 ]
55. The transfer function of a system is given as 1 2 z + 2 . H ( z) = 1 1 z - z - 2 3 Consider the two statements Statement(i) : System is causal and stable. Statement(ii) : Inverse system is causal and stable. The correct option is (A) (i) is true (B) (ii) is true (C) Both (i) and (ii) are true (D) Both are false 56. The impulse response of a system is given by -1 -1 h[ n] = 10 u[ n] - 9 u[ n] 2 4 For this system two statement are Statement (i): System is causal and stable
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n n
52. The transfer function of a system is given by H ( z) = z( 3z - 2) 1 z2 - z 4
The system is (A) Causal and Stable (B) Causal, Stable and minimum phase (C) Minimum phase (D) None of the above
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Statement (ii): Inverse system is causal and stable.
The z-Transform
Chap 5.4
The correct option is (A) (i) is true (C) Both are true 57. The system y[ n] = cy[ n - 1] - 0.12 y[ n - 2 ] + x[ n - 1] + x[ n - 2 ] is stable if (A) c < 112 . (C) |c |< 112 . (B) c > 112 . (D) |c |> 112 . (B) (ii) is true (D) Both are false
62. The impulse response of the system shown in fig. P5.4.62 is

X(z) + z-1 z-1 Y(z)
z-1
Fig. P5.4.62
n -2
(A) 2 2 (B)
(1 + ( -1) n ) u[ n] +
1 d[ n] 2
2n 1 (1 + ( -1) n ) u[ n] + d[ n] 2 2
n -2
58. Consider the following three systems y1 [ n] = 0.2 y[ n - 1] + x[ n] - 0.3 x[ n - 1] + 0.02 x[ n - 2 ] y2 [ n] = x[ n] - 0.1 x[ n - 1] y3[ n] = 0.5 y[ n - 1] + 0.4 x[ n] - 0.3 x[ n - 1] The equivalent system are (A) y1 [ n] and y2 [ n] (C) y3[ n] and y1 [ n] (B) y2 [ n] and y3[ n] (D) all
(C) 2 2 (D)
(1 + ( -1) n ) u[ n] -
1 d[ n] 2
2n 1 [1 + ( -1) n ] u [ n] - d [ n] 2 2
63. The system diagram for the transfer function H ( z) = z z2 + z + 1
is shown in fig. P5.4.63. This system diagram is a

X(z) + Y(z)
59. The z-transform of a causal system is given as X ( z) = The x[0 ] is (A) -15 . (C) 1.5 (B) 2 (D) 0 . z -1 2 - 15 -1 . z + 0.5 z -2 1 - 15
z-1
z-1
Fig. P5.4.63
(A) Correct solution 60. The z-transform of a anti causal system is X ( z) = 12 - 21z 3 - 7 z + 12 z 2 (B) Not correct solution (C) Correct and unique solution (D) Correct but not unique solution
The value of x[0 ] is 7 (A) 4 (C) 4 61. Given the z-transforms X ( z) = The limit of x[ ] is (A) 1 (C)
(B) 0 (D) Does not exist
*****************
z( 8 z - 7) 4z2 - 7z + 3
(B) 2 (D) 0
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The z-Transform
Chap 5.4
z 2 - 3z 1 - 3z -1 = 3 3 z 2 + z -1 1 + z -1 - z -2 2 2 2 1 1 , ROC : <|z|< 2 = 1 + 2 z -1 1 - 1 z -1 2 2 1 x[ n] = -2(2) n u[ -n - 1] - n u[ n] 2 24. (A) X ( z) = 25. (A) x[ n] is right sided 1 49 47 z - z -1 4 32 32 = + X ( z) = 1 - 16 z -1 1 + 4 z -1 1 - 4 z -1 47 n 49 x[ n] = ( -4) n + 4 u[ n] 32 32 26. (C) x[ n] is right sided 1 -1 2 X ( z) = 2 + + z -1 1+ z 1 - z -1 x[ n] = 2 d[ n + 2 ] + (( -1) n - 1) u[ n + 2 ]
1 2 , n even and n 0 = 4 n odd 0 ,

n
2-n , = 0,
n even and n 0 n odd

33. (C) X ( z) = -4 z 2 (2 z) 2 k = - 2 2 ( k + 1 ) z 2 ( k + 1 )
k=0 k=0
x[ n] = - 2 2 ( k + 1 ) d[ n + 2 ( k + 1)]
k=0
34. (A) ln (1 + a) = X ( z) =
( -1) k -1 ( a) k k k =1
( -1) k -1 ( z -1 ) k k k =1 ( -1) k -1 d[ n - 1] k k =1
x [ n] =
35. (B) cos a = X ( z) =
27. (A) d[ n] + 2 d[ n - 6 ] + 4 d[ n - 8 ] 28. (B) x[ n] is right sided, x[ n] = 29. (D) x[ n] is right sided signal X ( z) = 1 + 3z
-1
( -1) k 2 k a k = 0 (2 k) !
k d[ n - k]
k=5
10
( -1) k -3k 2 k (z ) k = 0 (2 k) !
k=0
x [ n] =
(2 k) ! d [ n - 6 k]
( -1) k
n = 12
12 - 6 k = 0, k = 2,
+ 3z
-2
+z
-3
x[ n] = d[ n] + 3d[ n - 1] + 3d[ n - 2 ] + d[ n - 3]
( -1) 2 1 x[12 ] = = 4! 24 36. (D) All gives the same z transform with different ROC. So all are the solution. 37. (C) x1 [ n] is right-sided signal z1 > 2 , z1 > 1 gives z1 > 2 2
30. (A) x[ n] = d[ n + 6 ] + d[ n + 2 ] + 3d[ n] + 2 d [ n - 3] + d[ n - 4 ] 31. (B) X ( z) = 1 + z + z2 z3 + + ......... 2 ! 3! 1 1 1 ......... +1 + + + 2 z 2!z 3! z3
d[ n + 2 ] d[ n + 3] x[ n] = d[ n] + d[ n + 1] + + ...... 2! 3! d[ n - 2 ] d[ n - 3] +d[ n] + d[ n - 1] + + ......... 2! 3! 1 x [ n] = d [ n] + n! 32. (A) X ( z) = 1 +

k
x2 [ n] is left-sided signal 1 1 z 2 < 2, z 2 < gives z 2 < 2 2 x3[ n] is double sided signal 1 1 z 3 > and z 3 < 2 gives < z3 < 2 2 2 38. (B) X ( z) = 2 -1 , + 1 -1 1 1- z 1 + z -1 2 z x[ n] = 2 -1 u[ n] - u[ n] 2n 3
n
z z + 4 4
-2
-2
1 -2 = 4 z k=0
1 x [ n] = d[ n - 2 k] k=0 4
|z|> |z|<
1 (Right-sided) 2 1 (Left-sided) 3
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-2 -1 n x[ n] = n + u[ -n - 1] 3 2
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UNIT 5
Signal & System
1 1 2 -1 <|z|< (Two-sided) x[ n] = - n u[ -n - 1] - u[ n] 3 2 2 3 So (b) is wrong. 3 39. (A) Since the ROC includes the z = , ROC is 4 1 <|z|< 1, 2 A B X ( z) = + 1 -1 1 + z -1 1- z 2 A x[ n] = n u[ n] B ( -1) n u[ -n - 1] 2 A 1= A =2 , 2 x[ -1] = 1 = ( -1) B( -1) B = 1 1 x[ n] = n -1 u[ n] - ( -1) n u[ -n - 1] 2 40. (B) x[ n] = Cpn u[ n] , x[0 ] = 2 = C x[2 ] = 1 = 2 p2 2
n
-2 5 Y ( z) 3 3 , H ( z) = = + X ( z ) 1 - 1 z -1 1 + 1 z -1 4 2 h[ n] =
n n 1 -1 1 5 2 u[ n] 3 4 2
46. (D) X ( z) = Y ( z) =
1 1 + 3z -1
4 1 3 = -1 1 1 1 - 2z 1 - z -1 (1 - 2 z -1 ) 1 - z -1 2 2 10 Y ( z) -7 = + X ( z ) 1 - 2 z -1 1 - 1 z -1 2
H ( z) =
n 1 h[ n] = 10(2) n - 7 u( n) 2
47. (D) H ( z) =
p=
1 , 2 X ( z) =
1 , Y ( z ) = 2 z -4 1 -1 1- z 2
1 x[ n] = 2 u( n) 2 41. (B) H ( z) = 1 1 + -1 1 1 - 2z 1 + z -1 2
Y ( z) = 2 z -4 - z -5 H ( z)
x[ n] = 2[ d - 4 ] - d[ n - 5 ]
z -1 -1 48. (A) Y ( z) 1 = 2 z X ( z) 2 H ( z) = Y ( z) 2 z -1 = z -1 X ( z) 12
n -1
h[ n] is stable, so ROC includes |z|= 1 1 ROC : <|z|< 2 , 2 -1 h[ n] = (2) u[ -n - 1] + u [ n] 2

n n
1 h[ n] = 2 2
u[ n - 1] Y ( z) = (1 - z -2 + z -4 - z -6 ) X ( z)
42. (A) X + ( z) =
n =0
x[ n]z x[ n]z
-n
= d[ n - 2 ]z - n = z -2
49. (C) H ( z) =
h[ n] = d[ n] - d[ n - 2 ] + d[ n - 4 ] - d[ n - 6 ] 31 44
n -1
43. (D) X ( z) =
-n
n =0
n =0
-n
1 = 1 - z -1
50. (A) h[ n] =
u[ n - 1]
3 2 44. (B) H ( z) = + -1 1 - 3z 1 + 2 z -1 h[ n] is causal so ROC is |z|> 3, h[ n] = [ 3n + 1 + 2 ( -2) n ]u[ n] z -1 z -2 3z -1 , Y ( z) = 1 4 8 4
45. (A) X ( z) = 1 +
3 -1 z Y ( z) 4 H ( z) = = X ( z ) 1 - 1 z -1 4 1 3 Y ( z ) - z -1 Y ( z) = z -1 X ( z) 4 4 1 3 y[ n] - y[ n - 1] = x[ n - 1] 4 4
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The z-Transform
Chap 5.4
51. (A) H ( z) =
Y ( z) = 1 - z -5 X ( z)
So y1 and y2 are equivalent. 59. (B) Causal signal x[0 ] = lim X ( z) = 2

z
y[ n] = x[ n] - x[ n - 5 ] 1 2 2 , poles at z = 2 3
52. (D) Zero at : z = 0,
60. (C) Anti causal signal, x[0 ] = lim X ( z) = 4

z
(i) Not all poles are inside |z|= 1, the system is not causal and stable. (ii) Not are poles and zero are inside |z|= 1, the system is not minimum phase. 3 27 8 8 53. (A) X ( z) = + 1 -1 1 - 3z -1 1- z 3 Since X ( z) converges on |z|= 1. So ROC must include this circle. 1 ROC : <|z|< 3, 3 3n + 3 x[ n] = - n -1 u[ n] u[ -n - 1] 3 8 8 1 1 54. (C) h[ n] = 16 n u[ n]. So system is both stable and 4 causal. ROC includes z = 1. 55. (C) Pole of system at : z = 1 1 , 2 3 1 Pole of inverse system at : z = 2
n
3 61. (A) The function has poles at z = 1, . Thus final 4 value theorem applies. 7 ) 4 =1 lim x( n) = lim( z - 1) X ( z) = ( z - 1) n z 1 3 ( z - 1) z - 4 z(2 z 62. (C) [2 Y ( z) + X ( z)] z -2 = Y ( z) H ( z) = z -2 1 - 2 z -2
=-
1 1 1 4 4 h[ n] = - + + 2 1 - 2 z -1 1 + 2 z -1 1 1 d[ n] + {( 2 ) n + ( - 2 ) n } u[ n] 2 4
63. (D) Y ( z) = X ( z) z -1 - { Y ( z) z -1 + Y ( z) z -2 } Y ( z) z -1 z = = 2 -1 -2 X ( z) 1 + z + z z + z +1 So this is a solution but not unique. Many other correct diagrams can be drawn.
For this system and inverse system all poles are inside |z|= 1. So both system are both causal and stable. 56. (A) H ( z) = 10 9 1 -1 1 1+ z 1 + z -1 4 2
***********
1 - 2 z -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 + z 1 + z 2 4
Pole of this system are inside |z|= 1. So the system is stable and causal. For the inverse system not all pole are inside |z|= 1. So inverse system is not stable and causal. 57. (C) |a2|= 0.12 < 1, a1 =| -c |< 1 + 0.12, |c |< 112 . 58. (A) Y1 ( z) = 1 - 0.1z -1 , Y2 ( z) = 1 - 0.1z -1 Y3( z) = 0.4 - 0.3z -1 1 - 0.5 z -1
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Page 289
CHAPTER
5.6
THE DISCRETE-TIME FOURIER TRANSFORM
Statement for Q.19: Determine the discrete-time Fourier Transform for the given signal and choose correct option. 1, 1. x[ n] = 0, sin 5W (A) sin W (C) sin 2.5W sin W
n
1 5. x[ n] = u[ -n - 1] 2 (A) (C) e jW 2 - e - jW e jW 2 - e jW (B) (D) 2 e jW 2 - e - jW 2 e jW 2 - e jW
-n
|n| 2 otherwise (B) sin 4W sin W
6. x[ n] = 2 d[ 4 - 2 n] (A) 2 e - j 2 W (C) 1 7. x[ n] = u[ n] (B) 2 e j 2 W (D) None of the above
3 2. x[ n] = u[ n - 4 ] 4 (A)
( (
3 4
e - jW
3 - jW 1- 4 e 3 4
) )
(B)
3 4
e jW
3 jW 1- 4 e
(A) pd(W) 4
1 1 + e - jW 1 1 - e - jW 0, 1, 2}
(B) (D)
1 1 - e - jW 1 1 + e - jW
(C) pd(W) +
(C)
e - jW
3 4
1+
e jW
(D) None of the above 8. x[ n] = {-2, - 1,
3. x[ n] = u[ n - 2 ] - u[ n - 6 ] (A) e 3 jW + e 3 jW + e 4 jW + e 5 jW (C) e -2 jW + e -3 jW + e -4 jW + e -5 jW 4. x[ n] = a|n| , |a|< 1 (A) (C) 1-a 1 - 2 a sin W + a 2

2
(B) (D)
e -2 jW(1 - e 3 jW) 1 - e jW e
-2 jW
(A) 2 j(2 sin 2W + sin W) (C) -2 j(2 sin 2W + sin W) ) p 9. x[ n] = sin n 2 (A) p( d[W - p 2 ] - d[W + p 2 ]) j ( d[W + p 2 ] - d[W - p 2 ]) 2
(B) 2(2 cos 2W - cos W) (D) -2(2 cos 2W - cos W)
(1 - e 1 - e - jW
-3 jW
(B)
1-a 1 - 2 a cos W + a 2
2
(B)
1 - a2 1 - 2 ja sin W + a 2
(C) 2 p( d[W - p 2 ] - d[W + p 2 ]) (D) jp( d[W + p 2 ] - d[W - p 2 ])
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The Discrete-Time Fourier Transform
Chap 5.6
Statement for Q.1021: Determine the signal having the Fourier
16. X ( e jW) = j 4 sin 4W - 1 (A) 4 pd[ n + 4 ] - 4 pd[ n - 4 ] - 2 pd[ n] (B) 2 d[ n + 4 ] - 2 d[ n - 4 ] - d[ n] (C) d[ n + 4 ] - d[ n - 4 ] - d[ n] (D) None of the above 17. X ( e jW) = (A) 5 2-n 2 + e - jW + 6
transform given in question. 10. X ( e jW) = 1 , |a|< 1 (1 - ae - jW) 2 (B) ( n + 1) a n u[ n] (D) None of the above
(A) ( n - 1) a n u[ n] (C) na u[ n] 11. X ( e jW) = 8 cos 2 w (A) (d[ n + 2 ] + 2 d[ n] + d[ n - 2 ]) (B) 2(d[ n + 2 ] + 2 d[ n] + d[ n - 2 ]) (C) -4(d[ n + 2 ] + d[ n] + d[ n - 2 ]) (D)
1 2 n
-e
- j2 W
n +1 -2 1 + u[ n] 3 n +1
-2 (B) 2 - n 1 - 3 (C) 2-n 5
u[ n]
(d[ n + 2 ] + d[ n] + d[ n - 2 ])
n +1 2 ( -1) n + u[ n] 3
2 j, 0 <W p 12. X ( e jW) = - 2 j, - p < W 0 4 pn (A) sin 2 pn 2 (C) 8 pn sin 2 pn 2 4 pn (B) sin 2 pn 2 (D) 8 pn sin 2 pn 2
(D) None of the above 18. X ( e jW) = 2+ -1 e- j 2 W 8 e - jW +1 e - jW + 1 4

1 4
(A) 2 - n + 1 [1 + ( -2) - n ]u[ n] (B) 2 - n [1 + ( -2) - n ]u[ n] (C) 2 - n + 1 [( -1) n + 2 - n ]u[ n] (D) 2 - n [( -1) n + 2 - n ]u[ n] 19. X ( e jW) = 2 e - jW e- j 2 W 1-1 4
1, jW 13. X ( e ) = 0, (A)
3p p |W|< 4 4 p 3p 0 |W|< , |W| p 4 4
2 3pn pn sin - sin n 4 4 1 3pn pn sin - sin pn 4 4
(A) 2 n -1 [1 + ( -1) n ]u[ n] (B) 21 - n [1 + ( -1) n ]u[ n] (C) 21 - n [1 - ( -1) n ]u[ n] (D) 2 n -1 [1 - ( -1) n ]u[ n] 20. X ( e jW) = 2 (A) 9
n
(B)
2 3pn pn (C) cos + cos n 4 4 (D) 1 3pn pn cos + cos pn 4 4

jW 2
e - jW 1-1 3 j W e -1 e -2 jW 1-1 4 8
n
14. X ( e jW) = e ( -1) n + 1 p(n - 1 2)
for
-p W p (B) 2pd[ n - 1 2 ] (D) None of the above
7 1 1 + - 2 9 4
u[ n]
(A) pd[ n - 1 2 ] (C)
2 1 n 7 1 n (B) - + u[ n] 9 2 9 4 2 1 n 7 1 n (C) - - u[ n] 9 2 9 4
15. X ( e jW) = cos 2W + j sin 2W (A) 2 pd[ n + 2 ] (C) 0 (B) d[ n + 2 ] (D) None of the above
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2 (D) 9
7 1 1 - - 2 9 4
u[ n]
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UNIT 5
Signal & System
1 1 x[ n] = - u[ n] + u[ n] = 2 - n [( -1) n + 2 - n ]u[ n] 2 4 2 e - jW 2 2 19. (C) X ( e ) = = 1 - j2 W 1 - jW 1 - jW 1- e 1- e 1+ e 4 2 2

jW
27. (D) X ( e j 0 ) =
n = -
x[ n] , This condition is satisfied only
if the samples of the signal add up to zero. This is true for signal (b) and (h). 28. (A) X ( e j 0 ) =
1 1 x[ n] = 2 u[ n] - 2 - u[ n] 2 2 1 = n -1 [1 - ( -1) n ]u[ n] = 21 - n [1 - ( -1) n ]u[ n] 2 1 - jW 1- e jW 3 20. (A) X ( e ) = 1 1 1 - e - jW - e -2 jW 4 8 2 7 9 9 = + 1 - jW 1 - jW 1- e 1+ e 2 4 21 7 1 x[ n] = u[ n] + - u[ n] 9 2 9 4 21. (C) X ( e jW) = = ( b - a) e jW - ( a + b) e jW + ab

n n
n = -
x[ n] = 6
is an even signal. Therefore X ( e jW) = e - j 2 WY ( e jW),
29. (A) y[ n] = x[ n + 2 ] Y ( e ) is real and even. Y ( e jW) = e j 2 W X ( e jW)

jW
Since Y ( e jW) is real. This imply arg{ Y ( e jW)} = 0 Thus arg{ X ( e jW)} = -2W 30. (C)
-p
X (e
jW
) dW = 2 px[0 ] = 4 p
31. (A) X ( e jp) =
n = -
( -1)
x[ n] = 2
DTFT 32. (C) Ev{ x[ n]} Re{ X ( e jW)}
e j2 W
Ev{ x[ n] =
( x[ n] + x[ -n])
2
( b - a) e 1 -1 = + 1 - ( a + b) e - jW + abe- j 2 W 1 - be - jW 1 - ae - jW
- jW
1 1 1 1 , 1, 0, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0, 0, 1, , 0, - = - , 0, 2 2 2 2
x[ n] = bn u[ n] + a n u[ -n - 1] . 22. (D) The signal must be read and odd. Only signal ( h) is real and odd. 23. (A) The signal must be real and even. Only signal (c) and (e) are real and even. 24. (A) Y ( e jW) = e jaW X ( e jW),
jW
33. (D)
-p
| X ( e )|
jW
= 2 p | x[ n]| = 28 p
2 n = -
34. (C) nx[ n]

p
DTFT
d X ( e jW) dW
y[ n] = x[ n + a ]
2 dX ( e jW) 2 = 2 p |n | x[ n] = 316 p dW n = - - p
If Y ( e ) is real, then y[ n] is real and even (if x[ n] is real.). Therefore x [ n + a ] is even and x [ n] has to be symmetric about a.This is true for signal (a), (c), (e), (f) and (g). 25. (D)
35. (A) Y ( e jW) = e - j 4 W X ( e jW) 3 y[ n] = x[ n - 4 ] = ( n - 4) 4

|n - 4|
-p
X (e
jW
) dW = 2 px[0 ] ,
36. (C) Since x[ n] is real and odd, X ( e jW) is purely imaginary. Thus y[ n] = 0. 37. (D) X 2 ( e jW) = X ( e j 2 W) X ( e j 2 W)
DTFT
x[0 ] = 0 is for signal (c), (f), (g) and (h). 26. (D) X ( e jW) is always periodic with period 2 p.
Therefore all signals satisfy the condition.
x[ n] , n even x 2 [ n] = otherwise 0,
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|n| 2 3 jn , n even y[ n] = 4 0 , otherwise
The Discrete-Time Fourier Transform
Chap 5.6
38. (B) Y ( e jW) = X ( e jW ) * X ( e j ( W- p 2 ) ) y[ n] = 2 px[ n] x1 [ n], x1 [ n] = e y[ n] = 2 pn2 e jpn

2 jpn 2
This is possible only if b = -a. 44. (A) For x[ n] = d[ n], X ( e jW) = 1, h[ n] = =

p
x[ n] ,
p p
3 4
2|n|
dX ( e jW) =0 dW e jWn dW
39. (C) Y ( e jW) =
d X ( e jW) dW
|n|
1 2p
-p
Y (e
jW
) e jWn dW =
1 2p
-p
- jW
3 y[ n] = - jnx[ n] = - jn2 4
1 sin p( n - 1) e jW ( n -1 ) dW = 2 p -p p( n - 1)
45. (B) H ( e jW) = H1 ( e jW) + H 2 ( e jW) -12 + 5 e - jW 1 -2 = + 1 - jW 1 12 - 7 e - jW + e - j 2 W 1- e 1 - e - jW 3 4 H 2 ( e jW) = 1 , 1 - jW 1- e 3 1 h2 [ n] = u[ n] 3

n
40. (B) Y ( e jW) = X ( e jW ) + X ( e - jW) y[ n] = x[ n] + x[ -n] = 0
41. (C) For a real signal x[ n] od{ x[ n]}

DTFT
jIm{ X ( e jW)}
jIm{ X ( e jW)}= j sin W - j sin 2W, 1 jW = e - e - j W - e 2 jW + e -2 jW 2
46. (D) H ( e jW) = 2 u[ n] 3

n n
Y ( e jW) , X ( e jW) 1 2 - jW 1- e 3 d j dW 1 2 - jW 1 - e 3 2 - jW e = 3 2 - jW 1- e 3
Therefore od{ x[ n]} = F -1 { jIm{ X ( e jW)}} 1 = ( d[ n + 1] - d[ n - 1] - d[ n + 2 ] + d[ n - 2 ]) 2 x[ n] - x[ -n] Od{ x[ n]} = 2 Since x[ n] = 0 for n > 0, x[ n] = 2od{ x[ n] } = d[ n + 1] - d[ n + 2 ] For n < 0 Using Parsevals relation 1 2p 3=
DTFT
2 n u[ n] 3

DTFT
| X ( e )|
jW
dW =
n =- 2
| x[ n]|
2 - jW e 2 e - jW H( e ) = 3 = - jW 2 1 - e - jW 3 - 2 e 3
jW
n = -
| x[ n]|
-1
= ( x [0 ]) + 2 But x[0 ] = 0, Hence x[0 ] = 1
x[0 ] = 1,
x[ n] = d[ n] + d[ n + 1] - d[ n + 2 ] 1 42. (C) u[ n] 4
n DTFT
1 1 1 - jW 4 1- e 4
2 - jW e Y ( e jW ) 3 47. (B) H ( e ) = = X ( e jW) 1 - 2 e - jW 3 2 2 1 - e - jW Y ( e jW) = e- jW X ( e jW) 3 3

jW
y[ n] -
2 2 y[ n - 1] = x[ n - 1] 3 3
1 - jW n e d 1 1 DTFT 4 = n u[ n] j 2 dW 1 - 1 e - jW 2 1 - 1 e - jW 4 4
n =0
3 y[ n] - 2 y[ n - 1] = 2 x[ n - 1] .
n 2 1
n = -
x[ n] = X ( e
j0
)=
4 9
*********
43. (A) For all pass system H ( e jW) = 1 for all W H ( e jW) = b+ e , b + e - jW = 1 - a e - jW 1 - ae- jW
- jW
| |
|
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1 + b2 + 2 b cos W = 1 + a 2 - 2 a cos W
Page 307
CHAPTER
5.7
THE CONTINUOUS-TIME FOURIER SERIES
Statement for Q.1-5: Determine the Fourier series coefficient for given periodic signal x( t). 1. x( t) as shown in fig. P5.7.1
x(t) 10
-2p 3
x(t) A
-4p 3
2p
4p
Fig. P5.7.3
4 pk - j A 3 e (A) - 1 2 pk - j A e 2 pk 4 pk 3
(B) j
- j A e 2 pk
4 pk 3
- 1
-10
-5
10
(C) - j
Fig. P5.7.1
- 1
(D)
- j -A e 2 pk
4 pk 3
- 1
(A) 1 p (C) sin k 2 2. x( t) as shown in fig. P5.7.2

x(t) A
p (B) cos k 2 (D) 2
4. x( t) as shown in fig. P5.7.4

x(t) A 1 -1 -A t
Fig. P5.7.4
-T
T 4
T 2
A (A) (1 - ( - 1 ) k ) kp A (C) (1 - ( - 1 ) k ) jkp 5. x( t) = sin 2 t
(B)
A (1 + ( - 1 ) k ) kp A (D) (1 + ( - 1 ) k ) jkp
Fig. P5.7.2
(A) (C)
A p sin k jpk 2 A p sin k pk 2
(B) (D)
A p cos k jpk 2 A p cos k pk 2
(A) (B) (C) (D) -
1 1 1 d[ k - 1] + d[ k] - d[ k + 1] 4 2 4 1 1 1 d [ k - 2 ] + d[ k] - d[ k + 2 ] 4 2 4 1 1 d[ k - 1] + d[ k] - d[ k + 1] 2 2 1 1 d[ k - 2 ] + d[ k] - d[ k + 2 ] 2 2
3. x( t) as shown in fig. P5.7.3
Page 308
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The Continuous-Time Fourier Series
Chap 5.7
Statement for Q.6-11: In the question, the FS coefficient of time-domain signal have been given. Determine the corresponding time domain signal and choose correct option. 7. X [ k] = jd[ k - 1] - jd[ k + 1] + d[ k + 3] + d[ k - 3], wo = 2 p (A) 2(cos 3pt - sin pt) (C) 2(cos 6 pt - sin 2 pt) -1 8. X [ k] = , wo = 1 3 4 (A) 5 + 3 sin t 5 (C) 4 + 3 cos t
|k|
(A) (C)
sin 9 pt sin pt sin 18 pt 2 sin pt
(B)
sin 9 pt p sin pt
11. X [ k] As depicted in fig. P5.7.11, wo = p

X [k] 3 2 1
(B) -2(cos 3pt - sin pt) (D) -2(cos 6 pt - sin 2 pt)
5 (B) 4 + 3 sin t 4 (D) 5 + 3 cos t
k -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Fig. P5.7.11
(A) 3 cos 3pt + 2 cos 2 pt + cos pt (B) 3 sin 3pt + 2 sin 2 pt + sin pt (C) 6 sin 3pt + 4 sin 2 pt + 2 sin pt (D) 6 cos 3pt + 4 cos 2 pt + 2 cos pt
k
9. X [ k] as shown in fig. P5.7.9 , wo = p

|{X [k]}| 2 1 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
{X [k]}
p 4
Statement for Q.12-16: Consider a continuous time periodic signal x( t)

k
with
fundamental X [ k].
period
and the
Fourier Fourier
series series
-p 4
coefficients
Determine
Fig. P5.7.9
coefficient of the signal y( t) given in question and choose correct option. 12. y( t) = x( t - to ) + x ( t - to ) 2p (A) 2 cos kto X [ k] T (C) e
- to
p p (A) 6 cos 2 pt + - 3 cos 3pt - 4 4 p p (B) 4 cos 4 pt - - 2 cos 3pt + 4 4 p p (C) 2 cos 2 pt + - 2 cos 3pt - 4 4 p p (D) 4 cos 4 pt + + 2 cos 3pt - 4 4 10. X [ k] As shown in fig. P5.7.10 , wo = 2 p
|{X [k]}| 1 k -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
2p (B) 2 sin kto X [ k] T (D) e

- to
X [ k] + e to X [ -k]
X [ -k] + e to X [ k]
13. y( t) = Ev{ x( t)} (A) X [ k] + X [ - k] 2 X [ k] + X *[ - k] 2 (B) X [ k] - X [ - k] 2 X [ k] + X *[ - k] 2
(C)
(D)
{X [k]}
8p 6p 4p 2p
14. y( t) =Re{ x( t)}

k
(A)
-2p -4p -6p -8p
X [ k] + X [ - k] 2 X [ k] + X *[ - k] 2
(B)
X [ k] - X [ - k] 2 X [ k] + X *[ - k] 2
(C)
(D)
Fig. P5.7.10
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Page 309
UNIT 5
Signal & System
15. y( t) =
d 2 x( t) dt 2
2
Statement for Q.20-21: 2 pk (B) - X [ k] T 2 pk (D) - j X [ k] T

2 2
2 pk (A) X [ k] T 2 pk (C) j X [ k] T 16. y( t) = x( 4 t - 1) 8p (A) X [ k] T (C) e

8 p - jk T 2
Let x1 ( t) and x2 ( t) be continuous time periodic signal with fundamental frequency w1 and w2 , Fourier series coefficients X1 [ k] and X 2 [ k] respectively. Given that x2 ( t) = x1 ( t - 1) + x1 (1 - t)
20. The relation between w1 and w2 is 4p (B) X [ k] T (D) e

8 p jk T
(A) w2 =
w1 2
2 (B) w2 = w1
(C) w2 = w1
(D) w2 = w1
X [ k]
X [ k]
21. The Fourier coefficient X 2 [ k] will be (A) ( X1 [ k] - jX1 [ -k]) e - jw 1 k (B) ( X1 [ -k] - jX1 [ k]) e - jw 1 k (C) ( X1 [ k] + jX1 [ -k]) e - jw 1 k (D) None of the above Statement for Q.22-23: Consider three continuous-time periodic signals whose Fourier series representation are as follows.
100 1 - jk t x1 ( t) = e 50 k=0 3 k 2p
17. Consider a continuous-time signal x( t) = 4 cos 100 pt sin 1000 pt 1 with fundamental period T = . The nonzero FS 50 coefficient for this function are (A) X [ -4 ], X [ 4 ], X [ -7 ], X [7 ] (B) X [ -1], X [1], X [ -10 ], X [10 ] (C) X [ -3], X [ 3], X [ -4 ], X [ 4 ] (D) X [ -9 ], X [9 ], X [ -11], X [11] 18. A real valued continuous-time signal x( t) has a fundamental period T = 8. The nonzero Fourier series coefficients for x( t) are X [1] = X [ -1] = 4, X [ 3] = X *[ -3] = 4 j The signal x( t) would be p 3p (A) 4 cos t + 4 j sin t 4 4 p 3p (B) 4 cos t - 4 j cos t 4 4 p p 3p (C) 8 cos t + 8 cos t + 2 4 4 (D) None of the above 19. The continuous-time periodic signal is given as 2p 5p x( t) = 4 + cos t + 6 sin t 3 3 The nonzero Fourier coefficients are (A) X [0 ], X [ -1], X [1], X [ -5 ], X [5 ] (B) X [0 ], X [ -2 ], X [2 ], X [ -5 ], X [5 ] (C) X [0 ], X [ -4 ], X [ 4 ], X [ -10 ], X [10 ] (D) None of the above
Page 310
x2 ( t) = x3( t) =
100
k = -100 100
cos kp e
- jk
2p t 50
k = -100
kp - jk 50 t j sin e 2
2p
22. The even signals are (A) x2 ( t) only (C) x1 ( t) and x3( t) (B) x2 ( t) and x3( t) (D) x1 ( t) only
23. The real valued signals are (A) x1 ( t) and x2 ( t) (C) x3( t) and x1 ( t) (B) x2 ( t) and x3( t) (D) x1 ( t) and x3( t)
24. Suppose the periodic signal x( t) has fundamental period T and Fourier coefficients X [ k]. Let Y [ k] be the Fourier coefficient of y( t) where Fourier coefficient X [ k] will be (A) TY [ k] ,k0 j2 pk TY [ k] ,k0 jk (B) TY [ k] j2 pk TY [ k] jk y( t) = dx( t) dt . The
(C)
(D)
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Chap 5.7
25. Suppose we have given the following information about a signal x( t) : 1. x( t) is real and odd. 2. x( t) is periodic with T = 2 3. Fourier coefficients X [ k] = 0 for |k |> 1 4.
2 1 x( t) dt = 1 20 2
The signal will be p p (A) 4 cos t - 2 sin t 4 4 p p (B) 2 cos t + 4 sin t 4 4 p p (C) 2 cos t + 2 sin t 4 4 (D) None of the above Statement for Q.29-31: Consider the following three continuous-time signals with a fundamental period of T = 1 x( t) = cos 2 pt , y( t) = sin 2 pt , z( t) = x( t) y( t) 29. The Fourier series coefficient X [ k] of x( t) are (A)
1 2 1 2 1 2
The signal, that satisfy these condition, is (A) (B) 2 sin pt and unique 2 sin pt but not unique
(C) 2 sin pt and unique (D) 2 sin pt but not unique 26. Consider a continuous-time LTI system whose frequency response is H ( jw) =
( d[ k + 1] + d[ k - 1]) ( d[ k + 1] - d[ k - 1]) ( d[ k - 1] - d[ k + 1])
h( t) e
- jwt
dt =
sin 4 w w
(B) (C)
The input to this system is a periodic signal 2, 0 t 4 x( t) = -2, 4 t 8 with period T = 8. The output y( t) will be pt (A) 1 + sin 4
2
(D) None of the above 30. The Fourier series coefficient of y( t), Y [ k] will be (A) (B) (C) (D)
j 2 j 2 j 2
( d[ k + 1] + d[ k + 1]) ( d[ k + 1] - d[ k - 1]) ( d[ k - 1] - d[ k + 1]) ( d[ k + 1] + d[ k + 1])
pt (B) 1 + cos 4
2
pt pt (C) 1 + sin + cos 4 4
1 2j
(D) 0 31. The Fourier series coefficient of z( t) , Z [ k] will be (A)

1 4j 1 2j 1 2j
( d[ k - 2 ] - d[ k + 2 ]) ( d[ k - 2 ] - d[ k + 2 ]) d[ k + 2 ] - d[ k - 2 ])
27. Consider a continuous-time ideal low pass filter having the frequency response | 80 1, |w H ( jw) = , | | w 0 > 80 When the input to this filter is a signal x( t) with fundamental frequency wo = 12 and Fourier series
S coefficients X [ k], it is found that x( t) y( t) = x( t).
(B) (C)
(D) None of the above 32. Consider a periodic signal x( t) whose Fourier series coefficients are 2, X [ k] = 1 |k| j 2 , Consider the statements signal has a 1. x( t) is real. 2. x( t) is even 3. dx( t) is even dt k =0 otherwise
The largest value of|k , for which X [ k] is nonzero, is | (A) 6 (C) 7 28. A continuous-time (B) 80 (D) 12 periodic
fundamental period T = 8. The nonzero Fourier series coefficients are as, X [1] = X [ -1] = j , X [5 ] = X [ -5 ] = 2,
*
The true statements are (A) 1 and 2 (B) only 2 (D) 1 and 3
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(C) only 1
UNIT 5
Signal & System
Statement for Q.33-36: A waveform for one peroid is depicted in figure in question. Determine the trigonometric Fourier series and choose correct option. 33.
x(t) 1
(A)
A 2A 1 1 + (sin t - sin 3t + sin 5 t....) 2 p 3 5 A 2A 1 1 + (cos t - cos 2 t + cos 3t....) 2 p 2 3 A 2A 1 1 + (cos t - cos 3t + cos 5 t....) 2 p 3 5 A 2A 1 1 + (sin t + cos t + sin 3t + cos 3t ....) 2 p 3 3
(B)
(C)
(D)
-p p -1 t
36.
x(t) 2
Fig. P5.7.33
2 1 1 1 (A) (cos t + cos 2 t + cos 3t + cos 4 t +....) p 2 3 4 (B) (C) 2 1 1 1 (sin t - sin 2 t + sin 3t - sin 4 t +....) p 2 3 4 2 1 1 1 (sin t + cos t - sin 2 t - cos 2 t + sin 3t +....) p 2 2 3
-1 -1 1 t
Fig. P5.7.36
(A)
2 1 1 1 (D) (sin t + cos t + sin 3t + cos 3t + sin 5 t + ....) p 3 3 5 34.

x(t) A -p
1 12 1 1 + (cos pt + cos 3pt + cos 5 pt +....) 2 p2 9 25 12 1 1 (cos pt + cos 3pt + cos 5 pt +....) p2 9 25
(B) 3 + (C)
1 12 1 1 + (sin pt - sin 3pt + sin 5 pt -....) 2 p2 9 25 12 1 1 (sin pt - sin 3pt + sin 5 pt -....) 2 p 9 25
(D) 3 +
p -A t
*****
Fig. P5.7.34
(A) (B) (C) (D)
A 4A 1 1 + sin t + sin 2 t + sin 3t +.... 2 p 2 3 A 4A 1 1 + cos t + cos 3t + cos 5 t +.... 2 p 3 5 4A 1 1 sin t + sin 3t + sin 5 t + .... p 3 5 4A 1 1 cos t + cos 2 t + cos 3t +.... p 2 3
35.
x(t) A
-p
-p 2
p 2
Fig. P5.7.35
Page 312
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Chap 5.7
SOLUTIONS
1. (D) X [ k] = 1 T
T 2 - jkw t Ad( t) e o dt = -T 2
9. (D) x( t) = = 2e
- j p 4
k = -
X [ k]e
j p
jpkt
e j ( -4 ) pt + e 4 e j ( -3) pt + e
jp 4
e j ( 3) pt + 2 e 4 e j (4 ) pt
A , T
= 2( e - j ( 4 pt + p 4 ) + e j ( 4 pt + p 4 ) ) + ( e - j ( 3pt - p 4 ) + e j ( 3pt - p 4 ) ) = 4 cos ( 4 pt + p 4) + 2 cos( 3pt - p 4) 10. (A) X [ k] = e - j 2 pk , -4 k 4
A = 10 , T = 5, X [ k] = 2 1 2. (C) X [ k] = T
T T 2
-T 2
x( t) e
- jkw ot
1 dt = T
T 4
-T 4
Ae
- jkw ot
dt
x( t) =
k = -4
- j 2 pk
e jpkt =
k = -4
- j 2 pk ( t -1 )
sin 9 pt sin pt
A = T
e - jkw o t 4 A pk - jkw - T = pk sin 2 o

4
11. (D) X [ k] =|k |, - 3 k 3 x( t) = 4p 0<t< 3 4p < t < 2p 3 jA e 2 pk

4 pk j 3 k = -
X [ k]e
jpkt
A, 2p 3. (B) T = 2 p , wo = = 1, x( t) = 2p 0, X [ k] = 1 2p
2p - jkt x( t) e dt = 0
= 3e j ( -3) pt + 2 e j ( -2 ) pt + e j ( -1 ) pt + e j (1 ) pt + 2 e j ( 2 ) pt + 3e j ( 3) pt = 6 cos 3pt + 4 cos 2 pt + 2 cos pt 12. (A) x( t - to ) is also periodic with T. The Fourier - 1 series coefficients X1 [ k] of x( t - to ) are X1 [ k] = 1 T ej kw o to
1 2p
4p 3
Ae- jkt dt =
x( t - t ) e
o T
- jkw ot
dt =
x( t) e
T
- jkw ot
dt
- A, - 1 < t < 0 2p 4. (C) T = 2, wo = = p, x( t) = 0< t<1 2 A,

1 0 1 1 - jkpt X [ k] = x( t) e - jkt dt = - Ae dt + 2 -1 2 -1
= e - jkw oto X [ k] Similarly, the FS coefficients of x( t + to ) are X 2 [ k] = e jkw oto X [ k] The FS coefficients of x( t - to ) + x( t + to ) are Y [ k] = X1 [ k] + X 2 [ k] = e - jkw oto X [ k] + e jkw oto X [ k] = 2 cos ( wo kto ) X [ k] 13. (A) Ev{ x( t)} = x( t) + x( - t) , 2
Ae - jkpt dt 0
1
A 1 - e jkp e - jkp -1 A (1 - ( -1) k ) = + = 2 jkp - jkp jkp e jt - e - jt 5. (A) sin 2 t = 2j -1 2 jt -2 jt = 4 (e - 2 + e ) 2p =2 , p

2
The fundamental period of sin 2 ( t) is p and wo = X [ k] = -1 1 1 d[ k - 1] + d[ k] - d[ k + 1] 4 2 4
The FS coefficients of x( t) are 1 1 X1 [ k] = x( -t) e - jkw ot dt = x( t) e jkw ot dt = X [ -k] TT T T Therefore, the FS X [ k] + X [ -k] Y [ k] = 2 coefficients of Ev{ x( t)} are
7. (C) x( t) =
k = -
X [ k]e
j 2 pkt
= je j 2 p t - je -
j 2 pt
+ e j6 pt + e -
j6 pt
= - 2 sin 2 pt + 2 cos 6 pt 8. (D) x( t) =
14. (C) Re{ x( t)} = -1 jkt = e + k = - 3

-1 -k
x ( t) + x *( t) , 2
k = -
X [ k]e
jkt
-1 jkt e k=0 3
-1 - jt e 4 1 = 3 + = 1 1 1 + e - jt 1 + e j t 5 + 3cos t 3 3
The FS coefficient of x *( t) is 1 X1 [ k] = x *( t) e - jkw ot dt = X1*[ -k] TT X1*[ k] = 1 T
x( t) e
T
jkw ot
dt = X [ -k]
X1 [ k] = X *[ -k] Y [ k] =
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X [ k] + X *[ - k] 2
Page 313
UNIT 5
Signal & System
10 p 4p 13. X [ k] = cos k + 2 j sin k 19 19 (A) (B) 19 ( d[ n + 5 ] + d[ n - 5 ]) + 19(d[ n + 2 ] - d[ n - 2 ]),|n | 9 2 1 ( d[ n + 5 ] + d[ n - 5 ]) + (d[ n + 2 ] - d[ n - 2 ]),|n | 9 2
18. y[ n] = x[ n] - x[ n - N 2 ] , (assume that N is even) (A) (1 - ( -1) k + 1 ) X [2 k] (C) (1 - ( -1) k + 1 ) X [ k] 19. y[ n] = x *[ -n] (A) - X *[ k ] (C) X *[ k ] (B) - X *[ -k ] (D) X *[ -k ] (B) (1 - ( -1) k ) X [ k] (D) (1 - ( -1) k\ ) X [2 k]
9 (C) ( d[ n + 5 ] + d[ n - 5 ]) + 9(d[ n + 2 ] - d[ n - 2 ]),|n | 9 2 (D) 1 ( d[ n + 5 ] + d[ n - 5 ]) + (d[ n + 2 ] - d[ n - 2 ]),|n | 9 2
20. y[ n] = ( -1) n x[ n], (assume that N is even) N (A) X k 2 N (C) X k + 1 2 Statement for Q.21-23: Consider a discrete-time periodic signal 1, 0 n 7 x[ n] = 0, 8 n 9 with period N = 10. Also y[ n] = x[ n] - x[ n - 1 ] 21. The fundamental period of y[ n] is (A) 9 (C) 11 (B) 10 (D) None of the above N (B) X k + 2 N (D) X k + - 1 2
pk 14. X [ k] = cos 21 (A) (B) (C) (D) 21 (d[ n + 4 ] + d[ n - 4 ]),|n | 10 2 1 (d[ n + 4 ] + d[ n - 4 ]),|n | 10 2 21 (d[ n + 4 ] - d[ n - 4 ]),|n | 10 2 1 (d[ n + 4 ] - d[ n - 4 ]),|n | 10 2
Statement for Q.15-20: Consider a periodic signal x[ n] with period N and FS coefficients X [ k]. Determine the FS coefficients Y [ k] of the signal y[ n] given in question. 15. y[ n] = x[ n - no ] (A) e
2 p j n ok N
X [ k]
(B) e
2 p - j n ok N
22. The FS coefficients of y[ n] are X [ k] (A)

8 p j k 1 5 1 - e 10
(C) kX [ k] 16. y[ n] = x[ n] - x[ n - 2 ] 4p (A) sin k X [ k] N

4 p - j k (C) 1 - e N X [ k]
(D) -kX [ k]
(B)
8 p - j k 1 5 1 - e 10
4p (B) cos k X [ k] N
4 p j k (D) 1 - e N X [ k]
(C)
1 10
4 p j k 5 1 - e
(D)
1 10
4 p - j k 5 1 - e
23. The FS coefficients of x[ n] are (A) j - j pk e 10 cosec Y [ k], k 0 2 10 pk pk
17. y[ n] = x[ n] + x[ n + N 2 ] , (assume that N is even) N (A) 2 X [2 k - 1], for 0 k - 1 2 (B) 2 X [2 k - 1], for 0 k (C) 2 X [2 k], (D) 2 X [2 k],
Page 318
(B)
j - j pk e 10 cosec Y [ k], k 0 2 10 1 - j pk e 10 sec Y [ k] 2 10 pk pk
N 2
(C) -
N for 0 k - 1 2 for 0 k N 2
(D)
1 - j pk e 10 sec Y [ k] 2 10
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The Discrete-Time Fourier Series
Chap 5.8
Statement for Q.24-27: Consider a discrete-time signal with Fourier representation. x[ n]

p DTFS ; 10
29. A real and odd periodic signal x[ n] has fundamental period N = 7 and FS coefficients X [ k]. Given that X [15 ] = j, X [ k] X [16 ] = 2 j, X [17 ] = 3 j. The values of X [0 ], X [ -1], X [ -2 ], and X [ -3] will be (A) 0, j, 2 j, 3 j (C) 1, -1, -2, -3 (B) 1, 1, 2, 3 (D) 0, - j , -2 j, -3 j
In question the FS coefficient Y [ k] is given. Determine the corresponding signal y[ n] and choose correct option. 24. Y [ k ] = X [ k - 5 ] + X [ k + 5 ] p (A) 2 sin n x[ n] 5 p (C) 2 sin n x[ n] 2 pk 25. Y [ k] = cos X [ k] 5 1 (A) ( x[ n + 5 ] + x[ n + 5 ]) 2 (C) p (B) 2 cos n x[ n] 5 p (D) 2 cos n x[ n] 2
30. Consider a signal x[ n] with following facts 1. x[ n] is a real and even signal 2. The period of x[ n] is N = 10 3. X [11] = 5 4. 1 10
n =0
X [ k]
= 50
The signal x[ n] is p (A) 5 cos n 10 p (C) 10 cos n 5
p (B) 5 sin n 10 p (D) 10 sin n 5
(B)
1 ( x[ n + 2 ] + x[ n - 2 ]) 2
1 ( x[ n + 10 ] + x[ n + 10 ]) (D) None of the above 2
31. Each of two sequence x[ n] and y[ n] has a period N = 4. The FS coefficient are X [0 ] = X [ 3] = 1 1 X [1] = X [2 ] = 1 and 2 2
26. Y [ k] = X [ k] * X [ k] (A) ( x[ n]) 2p

2
(B) j2 p( x[ n]) 2 (D) 2 p( x[ n]) 2
Y [0 ], Y [1], Y [2 ], Y [ 3] = 1 The FS coefficient Z [ k] for the signal z[ n] = x[ n] y[ n] will be (A) 6 (C) 6|k| (B) 6|k | (D) e
p j k 2
(C) ( x[ n]) 2 27. Y [ k] = Re{ X [ k]} x [ n] + x[ -n] (A) 2 (C) x [ n] - x[ -n] 2p
(B) (D)
x [ n] - x[ -n] 2 x [ n] + x[ -n] 2p
32. Consider a discrete-time periodic signal 11p sin n 20 x[ n] = p sin n 20 with a fundamental period N = 20. The Fourier series coefficients of this function are 1 (A) ( u[ k + 5 ] - u[ k - 6 ]), |k | 10 20 (B) 1 ( u[ k + 5 ] - u[ k - 5 ]), |k | 10 20
28. Consider a sequence x[ n] with following facts : 1. x[ n] is periodic with N = 6 2. 3.

n =0 7
x[ n] = 2 ( -1)
n
x[ n] = 1
n -2
4. x[ n] has the minimum power per period among the set of signals satisfying the preceding three condition. The sequence would be.. 1 1 1 1 1 (A) ... , , , , , ... (B) 2 6 2 6 2
1 1 1 ...0, 1, , , , ... 2 3 4
(C) ( u[ k + 5 ] - u[ k + 6 ]), |k | 10 (D) ( u[ k + 5 ] - u[ k - 6 ]), |k | 10
1 1 1 1 1 (C) ... , , , , , ... 3 6 3 6 3
(D) { ...0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ...}
************
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The Discrete-Time Fourier Series
Chap 5.8
11. (D) N = 7, W o = x[ n] =
2p , 7 = 2e
2 p j ( -1 ) n 7
17. (C) Note that y[ n] = x[ n] + x [ n + N 2 ] has a period - 1 + 2e

2 p j (1 ) n 7
n = -3
X [ k]e
2 p j kn 7
of N 2 and N has been assumed to be even, Y [ k] = 2 N

N 2 -1 n =0
( x[ n] + x[ n + N 2 ]) e
4 p - j kn N
2p = 4 cos n - 1 7
- j k p 12. (C) N = 12, W o = , X [ k] = e 6 6 p
= 2 X [2 k] for 0 k ( N 2 - 1) 18. (B) y[ n] = x[ n] - x [ n - N 2 ]

2 p N - j k Y [ k] = 1 - e N 2 X [ k] = (1 - e - jpk ) X [ k]
x[ n] = e =
k = -6
p - j k 6
p j kn 6
k = -6
p j k ( n -1 ) 6
p j ( -4 ) ( n -1 ) 6
p j ( n -1 ) 1-e 6
1-e
9p j ( n -1 ) 6
3p sin ( n - 1) = 4 p sin ( n - 1) 12
k even 0, = 2 X [ k ], k odd 19. (C) y[ n] = x *[ -n] 1 Y [ k] = N

N -1 n =0
x [ -n]e
*
2 p - j kn N
= X *[ k]
13. (A) N = 19, W o =
2p 19
20. (A) With N even y[ n] = ( -1) n x[ n] = e jpn x[ n] = e Y [ k] = = 1 N 1 N

N -1 n =0 2 p N j N 2
10 p 10 p X [ k] = cos k + 2 j sin k 19 19 =
2p 2p 2p 2p - j ( 5) k k - j(2 ) k - j ( -2 ) 19 1 - j ( -5) 19 k 19 19 e e + e + + e 2
x[ n]
2 p N j N 2
x[ n]e
2 p - j kn N
By inspection 19 x[ n] = ( d[ n + 5 ] + d[ n - 5 ]) + 19 ( d[ n + 2 ] - d [ n - 2 ]), 2 Where |n | 9 14. (A) N = 21, W o = 2p 21

2p - j ( -4 ) k 21 2p - j(4 ) k 21
N -1 n =0
x[ n]e
2 p N - j n k- 2 N
= X [k - N 2]
21. (B) y[ n] is shown is fig. S5.8.21. It has fundamental

y[n] 1 9 -1 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 10 11 n
8p 1 X [ k] = cos k = e +e 21 2 1 Since X [ k] = x[ n]e- jkWon , By inspection N n=N 21 , n = 4 x[ n] = 2 0, otherwise n { -10, - 9, ......9. 10} 1 N
N -1 n =0
Fig. S5.8.21
period of 10. 22. (B) Y [ k] = = 1 1 - e 10 1 10
n =0
y[ n]e
2 p - j kn 10
15. (B) Y [ k] = =
kn o 1 - j e N N 2 p
x[ n - n ]e
o 2 p - j kn N
2 p - j kn N
2 p - j k8 10
1 = 10
1 - e
8 p - j k 5
N -1 n =0
x[ n]e
=e
2 p - j kn o N
X [ k]
4 p - j k N
23. (A) y [ n] = x [ n] - x [ n - 1] X [ k] Y [ k] = X [ k] - e
2 p - j k 10
16. (C) Y [ k] = X [ k] - e
2 p - j 2k N
X [ k] = 1 - e
X [ k]
X [ k] =
Y [ k] 1-e
p - j k 5
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Page 321
UNIT 5
Signal & System
X [ k] = e
p j k 10
Y [ k]
p - j k 10
p j k 10
-e
Y [ k] pk 2 j sin 10 e
p j k 10
29. (D) Since the FS coefficient repeat every N . Thus X [1] = X [15 ], X [2 ] = X [16 ], X [ 3] = X [17 ] The signal real and odd, the FS coefficient X [ k] will be purely imaginary and odd. Therefore X [0 ] = 0 X [ -1] = - X [1], X [ -2 ] = - X [2 ], X [ -3] = - X [ 3] Therefore (D) is correct option. 30. (C) Since N = 10, X [11] = X [1] = 5 Since x[ n] is real and even X [ k] is also real and even. Therefore X [1] = X [ -1] = 5. Using Parsevals relation
-j e 2
p - j k 10
p cosec 10
k Y [ k]
24. (D) W o =
p , Y [ k] = X [ k - 5 ] + X [ k + 5 ] 10
p p n j ( -5) n j ( 5)10 p 10 y[ n] = e + e n x[ n] x[ n] = 2 cos 2 p j k 5 p -j k 5
e p 25. (B) Y [ k] = cos k X [ k] = 5

j ( -2 ) k 1 j ( 2 ) 10 k 10 = e +e X [ k] 2 p p
+e 2
X [ k]
X [ k]
N k=2
= 50 = = 50
k = -1
X [ k]
X [ -1] + X [1] + X [0 ] + X [0 ] +
2
X [ k]
k=2
X [ k]
=0
1 y[ n] = ( x[ n - 2 ] + x[ n + 2 ]) 2
2
Therefore X [ k] = 0 for k = 0, 2, 3, ..... 8. x[ n] = X [ k]e

N 2 p j kn N
k = -1 2 p j n 10
X [ k]e
2 p j kn 10
26. (C) Y [ k] = X [ k] * X [ k] y[ n] = x[ n] x[ n] = ( x[ n]) 27. (A) Y [ k] =Re{ X [ k]} y[ n] =Ev{ x[ n]} = 2p , 6
x[ n] + x[ -n] 2
= 5 e
2p - j n 10
+e
p = 10 cos n 5
DTFS
31. (A) z[ n] = x[ n] y[ n]
k =< N>
X [ l ]Y [ k - l ]
28. (A) N = 6, W o =
5
Z [ k] = X [ l ]Y [ k - l ]
l= 0
From fact 2, 1 6
n =0
x[ n] = 2
1 x[ n] = 3 1 X [0 ] = , 3
Z[ k ] = X [ 0 ] Y [ k ] + X [ 1 ] Y [ k - 1 ] + X [ 2 ] Y [ k - 2 ] + X [ 3 ] Y [ k - 3 ]
n =0
2 p j (0 )k 6
= Y [ k] + 2 Y [ k - 1] + 2 Y [ k - 2 ] + Y [ k - 3] Since Y [ k] is 1 for all values of k. Thus Z [ k] = 6, for all k. 32. (A) N = 20 We know that |n | 5 1, | 10 0, 5 <|n
DTFS ; p 10
From fact 3, 1 6
5
n =2
( -1) n x[ n] = 1
1 1 x[ n] = , X [ 3] = 6 6
n =0
2 p j ( 3) k 6
By Parsevals relation, the average power in x[ n] is P = X [ k] ,

2 k=0
11p sin k 20 p sin k 20
The value of P is minimized by choosing X [1] = X [2 ] = X [ 4 ] = X [5 ] = 0 Therefore x[ n] = X [0 ] + X [ 3]e

2p 6 3n
1 1 1 1 + ( -1) n = + ( -1) n 3 6 3 6
Using duality 11p sin n p DTFS ; 20 10 p sin n 20
|k | 5 1 1, | 10 20 0, 5 <|k
1 1 1 1 1 x[ n] = ... , , , , , ... 2 6 2 6 2
*********
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UNIT 5

Signal & System

(A) (B) (C) (D)

(C) 4 + 5( 3e -2 t + e -4 t ) , t 0 (D) 4 - 5( 3e -2 t + e -4 t ), t 0 d 2 y( t) 3dx( t) , + y( t) = dt 2 dt y (0 - ) = -1, dy( t) = 1, x( t) = 2 te- t u( t) dt 0 -

The total energy of x ( t) is 3p 3p (B) (A) 4w 8w (C) 3p w (D) 3p 2w

(A) 1 (1 + 4 e -10 t ) u( t) 5 (C) - 1 (1 + 4 e -10 t ) u( t) 5

d 2 y( t) dy( t) dx( t) , 36. +5 + 4 y( t) = 2 dt dt dt dy( t) = 1, x( t) = sin t u( t) y (0 - ) = 0, dt 0 -

response of a system S to a complex input

44. The non-invertible system is (A) y( t) = x( t - 4) (C) y( t) = dx( t) dt (B) y( t) =

x( t) = e j 5t is specified as y( t) = te j 5t . The system

(D) None of the above

Signal & System

for - 5 < t < - 4 for 4 < t <5 otherwise

15. (D) E = 2 x 2 ( t) dt = 2 (1)1 dt + 2 (5 - t) 2 dt

So this is a power signal not a energy. P = lim 1 T 2T

Since it is both homogeneous and additive, it is also y1 ( t) = v( t - 5) - v( 3 - t) y2 ( t) = v( t - to - 5) - v( 3 - t + to) = y1 ( t - to)

t = 0, y(0) = x( -5) - x( 3).

The system can be written as y( t) =

Since it is both homogeneous and additive, it is also

Since it is both homogeneous and additive. It is also y3( t) =

kv(l)dl = k v(l)dl = ky1 ( t)

Since it is Homogeneous and additive, it is also linear. y1 ( t) = y2 ( t) =

v(l)dl v(l - to )dl =

t , y ( t) increases without bound.

Signal & System

(C) periodic with period 2 (D) Not periodic

(A) periodic with 12p (C) periodic with 11p

(B) periodic with 12 (D) Not periodic

16. The sinusoidal signal has fundamental period

(B) 10 rad/cycle (D) p rad/cycle 5

20. x[ n] = {1, 2, -1}, h [ n] = x [ n] (A) {1, 4, 1} (C) {1, 2, -1}

(B) {1, 4, 2, -4, 1} (D) {2, 4, -2}

21. x[ n] = {1, -2, 3}, h [ n] = {0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1}

25. x[ n] = {1, 4, -3, 6, 4}, h[ n] = {2, -4, 3}

(A) {1, -2, 4, 1, 1, 1}

(A) {2, 4, -19, 36, -25, 2, 12}

(B) {4, -19, 36, -25}

(C) {1, 4, -3, 6, 4}

(D) {0, 0, 1, -1, 2, 2, 1, 3}

(D) {1, 4, -3, 6, 4}

22. x[ n] = {0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1}, h[ n] = {1, -2, 3}

(A) {0, 0, 1, -1, 2, 2, 1, 3}

(B) {0, 0, 1, -1, 2, 2, 1, 3}

(C) {1, -2, 3, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1}

(D) {1, -2, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1}

23. x[ n] = {1, 1, 0, 1, 1}, h[ n] = {1, -2, - 3, 4}

(A) {1, -1, - 2, 4, 1, 1}

(B) {1, -1, - 2, 4, 1, 1}

(C) {1, -1, - 5, 2, 3, -5, 1, 4}

(D) {1, -1, - 5, 2, 3, -5, 1, 4}

24. x[ n] = {1, 2, 0, 2, 1}, h[ n] = x[ n]

(A) {1, 4, 4, 4, 10, 4, 4, 4, 1}

29. y[ n] = 3n u[ -n + 3] * u[ n - 2 ] 3n , (A) 2 83 , 2 3n , (C) 2 81 , 2 n 5 n6 n 5 n6 3n , (B) 83 , 2 3n , (D) 6 81 , 2 n 5 n6

(B) {1, 4, 4, 4, 10, 4, 4, 4, 1}

(D) {1, 4, 4, 10, 4, 4, 4, 1}

Signal & System

30. y[ n] = u[ n + 3] * u[ n - 3] (A) ( n + 1) u[ n] (C) ( n - 1) u[ n] 31. The convolution of (B) nu[ n] (D) u[ n]

37. x[ n] as shown in fig. P5.2.37

h[ n] = u[ n - 1] is f [ n]u[ n - 1]. The function f [ n] is n = 4 m + 1, 4 m + 2 1, (A) n = 4 m, 4 m + 3 0, 0, (B) 1, 1, (C) 0, 0, (D) 1, n = 4 m + 1, 4 m + 2 n = 4 m, 4 m + 3 n = 4 m + 1, 4 m + 3 n = 4 m, 4 m + 2 n = 4 m + 1, 4 m + 3 n = 4 m, 4 m + 2

38. x[ n] as shown in fig. P5.2.38

(C) P, Q Statement for Q.3941:

Two discrete time systems S1 fig. P5.2.3941.

connected in cascade to form a new system as shown in