Capability Index

Process Mean
Tolerance
Sample Mean
Standard Deviation

m
e
x-bar

1
0.006
1
0.001

Lower Tolerance Limit

Upper Tolerance Limit

LTL
UTL

0.994
1.006

C pk

2.0000

Example TN8.1

Sample
Size

Number of
Defects in
Sample

Proportion
Defective

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300

10
8
9
13
7
7
6
11
12
8

0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.04
0.03

P-Chart
0.07

Proportion Defective

Sample

0.06
0.05

0.04
0.03

997

0.02

0.01
0
0

10

Sample Number

3000
Confidence Level:

0.03033
0.01000
0.060
0.001

91

99.7%

= Average proportion defective

= Std. Dev of proportion defective
= Upper Control Limit (UCL)
= Lower Control Limit (LCL)

Control limit graph coordinates

UCL:
0.060
0
0.060
10
LCL:

0.001
0.001

0
10

Center Line:

0.03033
0.03033

0
10

11

12

13

14

15

16

0.033333
0.026667
0.03
0.043333
0.023333
0.023333
0.02
0.036667
0.04
0.026667
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

Exhibit TN8.7 Factor for Determining 3-Sigma Limits for R-bar and x-bar Charts

Number of
Observations
in Subgroup
n

Factor for
x-bar
Chart
A2

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

1.88
1.02
0.73
0.58
0.48
0.42
0.37
0.34
0.31
0.29
0.27
0.25
0.24
0.22
0.21
0.20
0.19
0.19
0.18

Factor for R Chart

Lower
Upper
Control
Control
Limit
Limit
D3
D4
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.08
0.14
0.18
0.22
0.26
0.28
0.31
0.33
0.35
0.36
0.38
0.39
0.40
0.41

3.27
2.57
2.28
2.11
2.00
1.92
1.86
1.82
1.78
1.74
1.72
1.69
1.67
1.65
1.64
1.62
1.61
1.60
1.59

Exhibit TN8.8 - Measurements in Samples of 5 from a Process

Exhibit TN8.9 -X-bar and R Charts

Sample
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

Obs 1 Obs 2 Obs 3 Obs 4 Obs 5

X-bar

Range

10.60
9.98
9.85
10.20
10.30
10.10
9.98
10.10
10.30
10.30
9.90
10.10
10.20
10.20
10.54
10.20
10.20
9.90
10.60
10.60
9.90
9.95
10.20
10.30
9.90

10.28
10.17
10.07
10.09
10.31
10.16
10.12
10.27
10.34
10.30
10.05
10.14
10.28
10.40
10.36
10.29
10.42
9.96
10.22
10.38
10.14
10.23
9.88
10.18
10.16
10.21

0.70
0.35
0.40
0.40
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.30
0.50
0.40
0.85
0.70
0.80
0.40
0.55
0.60
0.70
1.00
0.80
0.40
1.00
0.55
0.80
0.80
0.70
0.60

10.40
10.25
9.90
10.10
10.20
10.30
9.90
10.30
10.20
10.40
9.50
10.36
10.50
10.60
10.30
10.60
10.40
9.50
10.30
10.40
9.60
10.20
9.50
10.60
10.30

10.30
10.05
10.20
10.30
10.24
10.20
10.20
10.40
10.60
10.50
10.20
10.50
10.70
10.50
10.40
10.15
10.60
9.90
10.50
10.30
10.50
10.50
9.60
10.30
10.60

9.90
10.23
10.25
9.90
10.50
10.30
10.40
10.24
10.50
10.10
10.30
9.80
10.10
10.30
10.55
10.00
10.80
10.50
9.90
10.40
10.10
10.30
9.80
9.90
9.90

X-bar Chart
10.56 = Upper Control Limit
10.21 = Centerline
9.86 = Lower Control Limit
Range Chart
1.27 = Upper Control Limit
0.60 = Centerline
0.00 = Lower Control Limit

Factors
0.58

= A2

= D3

2.11

= D4

10.20
10.33
10.15
9.95
10.30
9.90
10.10
10.30
10.10
10.20
10.35
9.95
9.90
10.40
10.00
10.50
10.10
10.00
9.80
10.20
10.60
10.20
10.30
9.80
10.10

X-bar Chart
10.6
10.5
10.4
10.3
10.2
10.1
10
9.9
9.8
0

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

16

18

20

22

24

26

Range Chart
1.4

1.2
1

0.8
0.6

0.4
0.2

0
0

10

Control limit graph coordinates

X-bar Chart
Range Chart
UCL: 10.56
0
UCL:
1.27 0
10.56 25
1.27 25
C-line:

10.21
10.21

0
25

C-line:

0.60 0
0.60 25

LCL:

9.86
9.86

0
25

LCL:

0.00 0
0.00 25

12

14

x-bar
10.28
10.168
10.07
10.09
10.308
10.16
10.116
10.268
10.34
10.3
10.05
10.142
10.28
10.4
10.358
10.29
10.42
9.96
10.22
10.38
10.14
10.23
9.88
10.18
10.16

range
0.7
0.35
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.3
0.5
0.4
0.85
0.7
0.8
0.4
0.55
0.6
0.7
1
0.8
0.4
1
0.55
0.8
0.8
0.7

Solved Problem 1

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

Confidence Level:

Sample
Size

Number of
Defects in
Sample

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
1500

4
3
5
0
2
8
1
3
4
2
7
2
1
3
1
46

P-Chart

Proportion
Defective
0.04
0.03
0.05
0.00
0.02
0.08
0.01
0.03
0.04
0.02
0.07
0.02
0.01
0.03
0.01

0.09
0.08

Proportion Defective

Sample

0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03

950

0.02
0.01
0
0

10

Sample Number

95.0%

0.0307
0.017

= Average proportion defective

= Std. Dev of proportion defective

0.064
0.000

= Upper Control Limit (UCL)

= Lower Control Limit (LCL)

Control limit graph coordinates

UCL:
0.064
0
0.064
15
LCL:

0.000
0.000

0
15

Center Line:

0.0307
0.0307

0
15

11

12

13

14

15

16

0.04
0.03
0.05
0
0.02
0.08
0.01
0.03
0.04
0.02
0.07
0.02
0.01
0.03
0.01