1.

The Start menu is a feature of the Windows operating system that provides quick access to programs, folders, and system settings. By default, the Start menu is located in the lower-left corner of the Windows desktop.

2.

The desktop is the primary user interface of a computer. When you boot up your computer, the desktop is displayed once the startup process is complete. It includes the desktop background (or wallpaper) and icons of files and folders you may have saved to the desktop.

3.

The task bar was introduced with Windows 95 and has been part of every version of Windows since then. It is the bar that spans the bottom of the screen and contains the Start button on the left side and thesystray on the right. The task bar also includes the current time on the far right side and can hold shortcuts to programs directly to the right of the Start button.

4. 5. 6. 7.

My Documents is a Microsoft Windows folder that stores documents, program settings, and other files that are used with many of the programs run on your computer. My Computer allows the user to explore the contents of their computer drives as well as manage their computer files. Microsoft Windows My Network Places is a network browser that displays network connections a computer has to other computers and servers. The Recycle Bin in used by Windows computers to store deleted items. It temporarily storesfiles and folders before they are permanently deleted.

8.

Right click the file or folder (or if more then one, select the ones you want copied) > choose the copy (if you want it copied) or cut (if you only want it in the newer section) > go to the section you want the folder(s) or file(s) to be > right click the area and select paste Also instead of right clicking and copying you could select the item and hold ctrl then press c, then let go of both, go to the area you want it to be, left click the area (to make sure you don't paste it somewhere else by accident). Hold ctrl and press v.

1. 2.

Highlight the file or folder you wish to rename. Right-click the file and click Rename from the menu that appears. Highlight the file or folder you wish to rename. Press the F2 key on the keyboard. By far the easiest method of deleting files in Microsoft Windows is by locating the file, folder, shortcut, or other object you wish to delete, highlight it, and press the del or delete key on the keyboard

1.

The hexadecimal numeral system, also known as just hex, is a numeral system made up of 16 symbols (base 16). The standard numeral system is called decimal (base 10) and uses 10 symbols: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9. Hexadecimal uses the decimal numbers and includes six extra symbols. We do not have symbols that mean ten, or eleven etc. so these symbols are characters taken from the English alphabet: A, B, C, D, E and F. Hexadecimal A = decimal 10, and hexadecimal F = decimal 15. 2. Converting Decimal to Hexadecimal

Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Divide the decimal number by 16. Treat the division as an integer division. Write down the remainder (in hexadecimal). Divide the result again by 16. Treat the division as an integer division. Repeat step 2 and 3 until result is 0. The hex value is the digit sequence of the remainders from the last to first. Note: a remainder in this topic refers to the left over value after performing an integer division. REMAINDER (in HEX) 0 0 1 DIVISION RESULT 921 / 16 57 57 / 16 3 / 16 ANSWER 100 ANSWER 399 3 0 REMAINDER (in HEX) 9 9 3

DIVISION RESULT 256 / 16 16 16 / 16 1 / 16 1 0

POWER OF 16s 16^0 16^1 = 16 16^2 = 16x16

RESULT 1 16 256

16^3 = 16x16x16 3. Converting Hexadecimal to Decimal 16^4 = 16x16x16x16

4096 65536

Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Get the last digit of the hex number, call this digit the currentDigit. Make a variable, let's call it power. Set the value to 0. Multiply the current digit with (16^power), store the result. Increment power by 1. Set the the currentDigit to the previous digit of the hex number. Repeat from step 3 until all digits have been multiplied. Sum the result of step 3 to get the answer number. number 1531 RESULT 1 48 1280 4096 MULTIPLICATION 8x1 A x 16 (remember that hex A=decimal 10) F x 256 (remember that ANSWER 5425 hex F=decimal 15) 3840 160 RESULT 8 Convert FA8

Convert the MULTIPLICATION 1x1 3 x 16 5 x 256 1 x 4096

ANSWER

4008

4. Converting Hexadecimal to Binary Converting hex number to binary number is very easy, it's almost trivial. The only requirement is that you know the equivalent binary value of each hexadecimal "digit" (0 to F); or if not, you must know how to convert them by hand. Below is a table that show each hexadecimal digit with it's corresponding binary number. Note that every binary number on this table consists of four digits. This is necessary because the maximum hexadecimal digit value is F or 15, which translates to four-digits-binary 1111. HEX 0 1 BINARY 0000 0001

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F

0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111

(Technically, any trailing 0 at the beginning of a number doesn't mean anything. So, binary 0010 is the same as binary 10, but for conversion purpose, include the trailing 0s.) To convert a hexadecimal number to binary. Just write down the binary value of each hex digit. Examples: hex D bin 1101 hex 1 bin 0001 hex F bin 1111 C 1100 0 0000 3 0011 C 1100 0 0000 A 1010 3 0011 2 0010

Binary to Hex This time, let's assume we have a binary number that needs to be converted to hex. For example, the binary number 11010. In this case because the number of digits is not a multiple of 4, insert 0s at the beginning to make the number multiple of four. So it becomes 00011010. We then separate each four-digits pair and get their corresponding hex values. 0001 1010 1 A So, the answer is 1A. Memorizing the Table? I don't recommend memorizing the binary number of each hex digit. Also, if you don't know where those 0s and 1s comes from, it's easy to make mistakes and not knowing it, or even forget. I recommend that you know where they come from, and you won't have to worry much about forgetting. For example, know that 4 is 2^2, so the binary of 4 must be 0100. Why? Let's convert it systematically: DIVISION 4/2 2/2 1/2 RESULT 2 1 0 REMAINDER 0 0 1

5.

The answer is the remainders being read backward, which is 100. 4 = (0)*2^3 + (1)*2^2 + (0)*2^1 + (0)*2^0 Realize that this is the only way the number 4 in binary can be represented. ANumber = (b1)*(2^3) + (b2)*(2^2) + (b3)*(2^1) + (b4)*(2^0) or

ANumber = (b1)*8 + (b2)*4 + (b3)*2 + (b4)*1 where b1, b2, b3, b4 must be either 1 or 0. So, let's say we're looking for the binary of 9. What sequence of bs will sum to 9? There's always one unique answer: 9 = (1)*8 + (0)*4 + (0)*2 + (1)*1 b1=1 b2=0 b3=0 b4=1 So the binary of 9 is 1001. How about the binary of 7. What sequence of bs will sum to 7? Again, there's only one answer: 7 = (0)*8 + (1)*4 + (1)*2 + (1)*1 b1=0 b2=1 b3=1 b4=1

So the binary of 7 is 0111. BINARY 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111

HEX DECIMAL 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 0 = 0+0+0+0 1 = 0+0+0+1 2 = 0+0+2+0 3 = 0+0+2+1 4 = 0+2+0+0 5 = 0+4+0+1 6 = 0+4+2+0 7 = 0+4+2+1 8 = 8+0+0+0 9 = 8+0+0+1 10 = 8+0+2+0 11 = 8+0+2+1 12 = 8+4+0+0 13 = 8+4+0+1 14 = 8+4+2+0 15 = 8+4+2+1