Training Objectives

HUAWEI

TCP/IP

Subnetwork planning

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HUAWEI

TCP/IP and OSI Reference Model

OSI reference model TCP/IP Protocol layers

7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Application layer Presentation layer Conversation layer Transport layer Network layer Data link layer Physical layer Network access layer Transport layer Interconnection layer Application layer

TCP/IP has simple hierarchy design In clear corresponding relations with OSI reference model.

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TCP/IP Protocol Stack

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Application layer Network layer Interconnection layer

HTTP, Telnet, FTP, TFTP, Ping, etc

Provide application program network interfaces Establish terminal to terminal connection Addressing and route selecting Physical media visit

TCP/UDP IP
ICMP ARP/RARP

Network access layer

Ethernet, 802.3, PPP, HDLC, FR, etc

Interfaces and wires/cables

Binary data flow transmission

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TCP/IP Data Encapsulation

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TELNET FTP
23

SMTP

TFTP
Application layer

20/21 25

69

TCP/UDP 6 17 IP PACKETS FRAMES BITS

Transport layer Interconnection layer

Network access layer

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Application layer
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File transfer: FTP, TFTP Mail service: SMTP, POP3 Network management: SNMP, Telnet, Ping, Tracert Network service: HTTP, DNS, WINS
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Transport Layer protocol Overview

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Application layer
Transport layer

TCP UDP

Network layer

Network access layer

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TCP/UDP Message
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TCP message format

UDP message format

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Port Number
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HTTP 80 Socket

FTP 20/21

Telnet SMTP 23 25

DNS 53

TFTP 69

SNMP 161

TCP

U D P IP data packet

TCP TCPprotocol protocoluses usesport portnumbers numbersto tomark markand anddistinguish distinguishvarious variousapplication applicationprograms programs

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TCP Connection
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Internet Host
Message Segment 1

Syn=a

Server
Message Segment 2

Establish connection
Message Segment 3

Syn =b

Confirming number=a+1

Confirming number=b+1

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Slide Window
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Send party

Window size=3

1 2 3

Receive party
Confirmation 4

4 5 6

Window size=2

7 8

Confirmation 7 Confirmation 9 Window size=0

The Theslide slidewindow windowmechanism mechanismrealizes realizesflow flowcontrol controlthrough throughdynamically dynamicallyadjusting adjustingthe thewindow windowsize size

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HUAWEI

Network Layer Protocol Overview

Application layer Transport layer Network layer Network access layer

IP
ARP
RARP ICMP

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IP
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8 Message length Service type

16 Total length Flag Chip offset

31

Version

Identification Time to live Protocol

Message header checksum

Source IP address Destination IP address IP options

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ARP
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Broadcast received. This is Ethernet address I need Ethernet address of 10.0.0.1

10.0.0.2
A

10.0.0.1
B

IP :10.0.0.1 = ? ? ?
Ethernet=:0010:0020:0030

Map Map IP IP address address to to MAC MAC address address Local Local AR AR

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RARP
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Whats my IP address?

Ill tell you!

Diskless workstation

RARP ser ver

Ethernet=:0010:0020:0030 IP=? Ethernet=:0010:0020:0030

IP :10.0.0.1

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ICMP
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Here I Is B accessible?

am

ICMP Echo Request

ICMP Echo Reply

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Introduction to IP Address
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10.110.192.111

20.130.188.144

IP IP address address uniquely uniquely identifies identifies a a piece piece of of network network equipment; equipment; Private Private IP IP addresses addresses

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Types of IP Addresses
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0 1 2 34 Type A Type B 0 10 net-id

16 host-id

24

31

net-id

host-id

Type C

110

net-id

host-id

Type D

1110

Multi-cast address

Type E

11110

Reserved for future use

Fi gur e 2 5 t ypes of I P addr ess net-id net w ork N o. host-id host num ber

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Special IP Addresses
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Network part Host part Address type Use Representing a network Segment

Any

Completely0

Network address

Any

Completely1

Broadcast address

All the nodes of a Specially designated network segment

127

any

Loop back address

Loop test

Completely0

All networks

Huawei Quidway router used Designate default routes All nodes of Local network segment

Completely1

Broadcast address

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No Subnet Addressing
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Type B network segment 172.16.0.0

172.16.30.1

172.16.28.1

172.16.30.10
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Addressing with Subnets

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Network segment: 172.16.0.0

172.16.4.1 255.255.255.0

N et w or k
172.16.8.1 255.255.255.0

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Example of Addressing with Subnets

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172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0

172.16.4.0/24 172.16.8.0/24

172.16.8.160 255.255.255.0

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Subnet Planning
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201.222.5.0 255.255.255.0

201.222.5.8 255.255.255.248 201.222.5.16 255.255.255.248 201.222.5.24 255.255.255.248 201.222.5.32 255.255.255.248

201.222.5.9 255.255.255.248

201.222.5.17 255.255.255.248 201.222.5.25 255.255.255.248 201.222.5.33 255.255.255.248

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Example of Subnet Type B Planning

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Subnet address Host address Broadcast address

172.16.2.0 172.16.2.1-172.16.2.2 54 172.16.2.255

IP host address Subnet mask

172.16.2.120 255.255.255.0

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Example of Subnet Type C Planning

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Subnet address Host address Broadcast address IP host address Subnet mask
Number of subnet bits 2 3 4 5 6 Subnet mask

192.168.5.120 192.168.5.121-192.168.5.1 26 192.168.5.127 192.168.5.121 255.255.255.248

Number of subnets Number of hosts per subnet 2 62 6 14 30 62 30 14 6 2

255.255.255.192 255.255.255.224 255.255.255.240 255.255.255.248 255.255.255.252

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Variable Long Subnet Masking (VLSM)

HUAWEI

192.168.1.32/27
192.168.1.160/30

192.168.1.64/27

ISP

Anouncement 192.168.1.0

192.168.1.164/30 192.168.1.168/30

192.168.1.96/27
192.168.1.172/30

192.168.1.128/27

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Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)

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198.168.1.0

Internet

Announcement route 198.168.0.0/16

198.168.2.0

ISP
198.168.3.0

CIDR CIDRreduces reducesscale scaleof ofroute routetable tableand andenhances enhancesnetwork networkextensibility extensibility

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Brief Summary
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TCP/IP protocol stack

IP address classification

Subnet planning

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