Hydraulic Press- was invented by Joseph Bramah and is therefore sometimes called the

Bramah press. It consists essentially of two cylinders each filled with liquid and each fitted with a piston; the cylinders are connected by a pipe also filled with the liquid. One cylinder is of small diameter, the other of large diameter. According to Pascal's law , pressure exerted on the smaller piston is transmitted undiminished through the liquid to the surface of the larger piston, which is forced upward. Although the pressure (force per unit of area) is the same for both pistons, the total upward force on the larger piston is as many times greater than the force on the smaller piston as the area of the larger piston is greater than the area of the smaller piston. If, for example, the smaller piston has an area of 2 sq in. and a force of 100 lb is exerted on it, then the force on the larger piston having an area of 50 sq in. would be 2,500 lb (100 50/2 =2,500). However, when the pistons move, the distance the smaller piston travels is proportionately greater than the distance the larger piston travels, satisfying the law of conservation of energy. If the smaller piston moves 25 in., the larger one will only move 1 in. The hydraulic press is used, for example, to form three-dimensional objects from sheet metal and plastics and to compress large objects. Milling Machine - tool

designed to machine metal, wood, and other solid materials. Often automated, milling machines can be positioned in either vertical or horizontal orientation to carve out materials based on a pre-existing design. These designs are often CAD directed, and many milling machines are CNCoperated, although manually and traditionally-automated milling devices are also common. Milling machines are capable of dynamic movement, both of the tool and the workpiece, and many milling machines can perform multi-axis machining.

Lathe Machine-

A lathe is a machine tool that works by spinning an object around on a horizontal axis so that various tools can be applied to it. The work is done through the rotational force of the spinning object. Examples of tasks formed by lathes are precision cutting, drilling, deformation and sanding. They are used in woodworking, metalworking and even pottery; the humble potter's wheel is a form of lathe.

Bench grinder-

A grinder, typically with a pair of grinding wheels (one at each end of the motorshaft) that is designed to be permanently mounted on a workbench. Most commonly used to
sharpen tools but are also useful for smoothing out rough metal surfaces and buffing surfaces into a mirrorlike sheen with considerably less effort than manual tools require. Because most tools are made from hardened steel, hand files and sharpening stones are relatively ineffective for removing unwanted layers of metal to restore an edge. This makes the efficiency of the bench grinder a welcome addition to many garages.

Drill Press - a motor-motor driven piece of machinery that lowers and raises a rotating
tool into workpieces. Workpieces are generally metals and woods. A drill press is an upright-standing, fixed drill that can be mounted on a cabinet or to the floor. Drill presses can perform a number of duties in a workshop. Used for making holes and reaming

TIG Welding Machine- Definition of TIG Welding

Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding joins reactive metals using a non-consumable Tungsten electrode. Inert gas, commonly Argon, is released at the same time as the electrodes to produce a weld without air contaminants. Tungsten is not the filler, it just creates the arc between the electrode and metal, but a filler may be used if needed.

MIG Welding Machine

Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding combines two metals by using a filler wire with a current to produce the electrode. Inert gas is also used simultaneously to protect the weld from any air contaminants. CNC Machines- Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines are automated milling devices that

make industrial components without direct human assistance. They use coded instructions that are sent to an internal computer, which allows factories to fabricate parts accurately and quickly. There are many different types of CNC machines, ranging from drills to plasma cutters, so they can be used to make a wide variety of parts. Though most are used industrially in manufacturing, there are also hobby versions of most of the machines that can be used in private homes.