PROJECT REPORT ON

TRAFFIC ENERGY HARVESTING AND AUTOMATIC STREET LIGHTING

Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of Degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY In ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED BY: Gitanjali Budhiraja (0515331029) Komal Bhat (0515331035) Mansi Sharma (0515331043) Shikhar Hasija (0515331071) PROJECT GUIDE: Mr. Ankit Shankdhar

SKYLINE INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, GREATER NOIDA (UTTAR PRADESH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW)

2008-2009
PROJECT REPORT ON

TRAFFIC ENERGY HARVESTING AND AUTOMATIC STREET LIGHTING

SUBMITTED BY: Gitanjali Budhiraja (0515331029) Komal Bhat (0515331035) Mansi Sharma (0515331043) Shikhar Hasija (0515331071)

PROJECT GUIDE: Mr. Ankit Shankdhar

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Skyline Institute of Engineering and Technology Plot No. 03, Knowledge Park II, Gautam Budh Nagar, Greater Noida 201306 Uttar Pradesh, India

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2008-2009

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page DECLARATION CERTIFICATE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABSTRACT LIST OF FIGURES CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 OVERVIEW 1.2 DISCOVERY AND INSIGHTS 1.3 PRESENT SCENARIO CHAPTER 2: TRAFFIC ENERGY HARVESTING 2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM 2.2 FLOWCHART 2.2.1 ROAD SENSOR LOGIC 2.2.2 LIGHT SENSITIVE LOGIC 2.3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 2.4 SUB-ROUTINE CODE 2.5 PIEZOELECTRIC SENSORS 2.6 ADVANTAGES 2.7 LIMITATIONS CHAPTER 3: CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION 3.1 RESULT AND CONCLUSION 3.2 FUTURE PROSPECTS IN INDIA APPENDIX A APPENDIX B APPENDIX C APPENDIX D REFERENCES 23 24 26 28 34 36 42 9 10 11 14 16 21 22 7 1 3 5 iv v vi vii viii

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DECLARATION
We hereby declare that this submission is are own work and that, to the best of our knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgment has been made in the text.

Signature: Name : GITANJALI BUDHIRAJA

Roll No. : 0515331029

Signature: Name : KOMAL BHAT

Roll No. : 0515331035

Signature: Name : MANSI SHARMA

Roll No. : 0515331043

Signature: Name : SHIKHAR HASIJA

Roll No. : 0515331071

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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Project Report entitled TRAFFIC ENERGY HARVESTING AND AUTOMATIC STREET LIGHTING which is submitted by Gitanjali Budhiraja, Komal Bhat, Mansi Sharma and Shikhar Hasija is a record of their own work and is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering of Uttar Pradesh Technical University, Lucknow during the academic session 2008-2009.

Prof. H. L. Jalali (Head of Department) (Electronics and Communication Engineering)

Ms. Sonia Vashisht (Project Guide)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives us a great sense of pleasure to present the report of the B. Tech Project undertaken during B. Tech. Final Year. We owe special debt of gratitude to our lecturer Ms. Sonia Vashisht, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Skyline Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida for his constant support and guidance throughout the course of our work. His sincerity, thoroughness and perseverance have been a constant source of inspiration for us. It is only his cognizant efforts that our endeavors have seen light of the day. We also take the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of Ms. Kshama Pandey, and Mr., Ankit Shankdhar, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Skyline Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida for her full support and assistance during the development of this project. We would also like to take the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of all faculty members of the department for their kind assistance and cooperation during the development of our project.

Signature: Name : GITANJALI BUDHIRAJA

Signature: Name : KOMAL BHAT

Signature: Name : MANSI SHARMA

Signature:

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Name

: SHIKHAR HASIJA

ABSTRACT
The worlds fossil fuels supply i.e. coal, petroleum, natural gas will be depleted in a few hundred years. The rate of energy consumption is increasing and the supply is depleting resulting in an energy shortage. Alternative or non-conventional or renewable energy resources are very essential to develop for future energy requirements.

The project titled Traffic Energy Harvesting and Automatic Street Lighting is based on non-conventional energy generation. The motive of this project is to develop an automatic street lighting system which utilizes the energy from the movement of vehicles on road and the solar energy available from the sun.

We can produce electricity anywhere there is busy road using energy that normally goes to waste. A dynamo attached to a roller is used for this purpose. Every time a car passes over the roller, the roller will rotate causing the dynamo to generate electricity which is stored in a battery. To further save electricity all street lights are switched on only when there is a vehicle or any traffic on the road otherwise only the alternate lights are switched on.

In practice, special generators called piezoelectric generators that convert the applied mechanical stress into electricity are embedded in the road. These systems are more efficient and than the dynamo and roller pair. However piezoelectric generators are more expensive.

The electric energy thus produced by means of piezoelectric generators is stored in storage batteries and utilized during night to power the street lights along with solar panels attached to the lights to provide more energy.
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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure

Pg

Fig 2.1: Block Diagram Fig 2.2: Circuit Diagram Fig 2.3: Piezo-crystal with no force applied Figure 2.4 Piezo-crystal with force applied Figure 2.5 Piezo-crystal with force applied in the opposite direction Figure 2.6 Material Configurations Figure 2.7 Sensor Construction

7 12 16 17 17 18 19

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