International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) - Volume4Issue5- May 2013

ISSN: 2231-5381 http://www.ijettjournal.org Page 1883

Performance Analysis of 66 Mimo
Free Space Optical Links with Misalignment
1
Siva Prasad Siddu.P (M.Tech),

1
Department of Electronics and Communication, Sri
Vidhyanikethan Engineering College, TIRUPATI 517102, A.P.
INDIA.

2
Ms. H. D. Praveena, M.Tech, Assistant professor
2
Department of Electronics and Communication,Sri
Vidhyanikethan Engineering College, TIRUPATI 517102, A.P.
INDIA.
Abstract- A statistical channel model for 66 multiple input and
multiple output is developed with Free space Optical
Communication channel which is effected by misalignment
parameters between transmitters and receivers. This
misalignment impairs the Optical channel link performance.
For performance measure the outage probability is derived for
66 by using the Equal gain combining technique at receiver,
when the optical link is affected by misalignment (pointing)
fading with atmospheric fading. At a given SNR the outage
probability is reduced by increasing the number of transmitters
and receivers.
Keywords: Free Space Optical communications, 66 multiple
inputs and multiple output (MIMO), outage capacity, pointing
effect, Galton distribution, and atmospheric turbulence.
I .INTRODUCTION
In wireless communications a line-of- sight technology is
establishes a communication link between transmitters and
receivers by transmitting a laser beam through the
atmosphere [1]. The main application for optical wireless
communication is Free-space optical (FSO) communications
in which a point-to point communication link is established
over a range of 1 5 km with a data rate on the order of 1
10 Gbps.
In FSO communication, the performance is gained by
overcoming the fading. This fading occurs mainly because of
atmospheric turbulence and misalignment. The atmospheric
turbulence gives the scintillation by fading the signal
intensity. And these scintillations is controlled by the
refractive index parameters. And the transmitters and
receivers are aligned for point to point communication. And
due to the winds, thermal effects in transmitters etc., the
misalignment will occur. And its time varying, pointing
errors will occur and it effects the FSO link channel
performance.
The pointing error fading analyzed by using the intensity
modulated laser with PAM. And the atmospheric fading is
analyzed using the Galton distribution.

II. CHANNEL MODEL
To analyze the 66 system first we consider the below
conditions for MN system. Fig. 1 presents a diagram of a
MIMO FSO system with M transmitters (lasers) and N
receivers (apertures). The received N1 vector is given by

Y =H
T
x +z (1)

International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) - Volume4Issue5- May 2013

ISSN: 2231-5381 http://www.ijettjournal.org Page 1884

where H is an MN channel matrix where the entry H
mn
0
represents the channel gain from transmitter m to receiver n
with m =1,2,.M and n =1,2..N. The vector x =[x
1

x
M]
T

is the transmitted set of symbols and z =[z
1,
.,. z
M]
T

is
a noise vector of White Gaussian distribution. Because of the
nonnegative transmitted signal the (x
mn
0), is limited to P
where (E{x
m
} P).



(a)

by using the equal gain combining technique the output
signal with repeated transmission signal is

Y =H X +Z (2)

Fig: 1 the beamfootprint path at the receiver point of view.

Where Z is the Gaussian noise with variance o
2
, and the
signal to noise ratio is
SNR = P/ o (3)
And the channel gain is

= =
=
N
n
N
m
mn
H H
1 1
(4)
And here H
mn
is effect of misalignment and atmospheric
fading. So the channel gain from transmitter m and receiver n
is
p
mn
a
mn mn
H H H =
(5)
Here H
a
mn
is atmospheric fading and H
p
mn
is pointing error
fading between transmitter m and receiver n. Here H
a
mn
is
atmospheric fading and H
p
mn
is pointing error fading between
transmitter m and receiver n. Atmospheric-induced strong
International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) - Volume4Issue5- May 2013

ISSN: 2231-5381 http://www.ijettjournal.org Page 1885

turbulence fading in outdoor FSO systems can be modeled as
a multiplicative random process which follows the Galton
distribution. In week turbulence regime the atmospheric
fading is modeled as [2]
H
a
mn
= c
X
mn
(6)
Here Xmn is a Gaussian random variable. Assume that all Xmn
as independent and identically distributed random variables
For the radial displacement of R
mn
in the receiver plane
between the center of the transmitter beam m and the center
of the aperture n [3] the loss due to the misalignment is
2 2
/ 2
0
w R p
mn
mn
e A H

~
(8)

Here A
0
is equivalent receiver area and w is equivalent beam
waist at receiver [4]. The R
mn
will depend on the two cases,
i.e. misalignment in X

or misalignment in X

and Y

III STATISTICAL CHANNEL MODEL
Misalignment fading depends on the geometric arrangement
of transmitter lasers and receiver apertures. First by
considering M =N, we align the transmitter laser to the
corresponding receiver aperture. Let p denote the coordinate
vector of all receiver apertures. And also let p
n
e

p denote
the coordinate vector of the nth receiver and Q
m
denote the
m
th
transmitter coordinate vector. At receiver point the
coordinate vector of p
n
random displacement X

in x-
direction And Y

in y- direction is
Pm
Y
X
Qm +
(

=
'
'


If there is no misalignment then Q
m
=P
m
and if Y

is zero then
the misalignment is unidirectional.
From fig.1 the displacement R
mn
is distance between Q
m
and
P
m
are

R
mn
2
=,, Q
m
P
m
,,
2

= _ _
X

_ _
2
+2 _
X

_
T
(P
m
P
n
) +,, Pm P
m
,,
2

The channel gain between transmitter m and receiver n is

2 2
/ 2
0
w R
X p
mn
a
mn mn
mn
mn
e A H H H

= =
(9)

The total channel gain from equation (4) is

= =

=
N
n
N
m
U X T
mn mn
e e A H
1 1
0
(10)

A common assumption is the misalignment in X

and Y

are
jointly Gaussian. Since X
mn
also Gaussian

= =
=
N
n
N
m
U X G
mn mn
e e
1 1
(11)

International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) - Volume4Issue5- May 2013

ISSN: 2231-5381 http://www.ijettjournal.org Page 1886

Where G is a Gaussian random variable rate R
0
is defined as
with mean
G
and variance o
u
2
.
by substituting (11) in (10),
the channel gain is
E =A
0
c
u-1
=A
0
c
v
(12)

Where V=G-T with probability density functions is [5]

v
(v) =_
v|1
(:|t)
1

0
(t) dt
IV PROBABILITY OF OUTAGE
For analysis the slow fading channel is considered which is
the coherence time is larger than the symbol duration. And
also PAM modulated FSO communication system is
considered for amplitude non negativity and average
constraints.
The upper bounded capacity of FSO channel is [5]

C(SNR) log
2
__
c
2n
SNR +2] (13)

The lower bound capacity of FSO channel is expressed by
considering an arbitrary input distribution in the mutual
information, and the capacity is

C(SNR) I(X;|E =)
]
X
(x)cxp


C(SNR) log
2
__
c
2n
SNR] (14)

Outage capacity with misalignment
R
0
is transmission rate, If the probability of transmitter rate
exceeds the instantaneous mutual information of the channel
capacity is called outage, and the probability of this outage is
outage probability and at a given
P
out
(R
0
) =Prob(C <R
0
)

And here the channel capacity is corrupted by atmospheric
and misalignment fading then the outage probability is [4,
III-B],

P
out
(R
0
) =Prob
]
H
(h)
_log
2
__
c
2n
SNR E] <R
0
_
---- (15)
Here we are considering the misalignment fading in two
scenarios, which is depends on the X

and Y

random
displacement in two dimensional or unidirectional (Y

=0).

1
(t) =y
2
c
-y
2
t
(16)

=_
1
2
G

0
e
-
(v-(
G
-t))
2
2
G
2
.y
2
c
-y
2
t
Jt

Where
B
1
=
y
2
2
c
y
4

G
2
2 y
2
p
u
_

And

International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) - Volume4Issue5- May 2013

ISSN: 2231-5381 http://www.ijettjournal.org Page 1887

B
2
=y
2

G
2

G


Substituting s =v+B
2
the outage probability we can derive in
closed form expression as [5]

P
out
(R) =
1
2

c
y
2
_
q+y
2

G
2
2-
G
_
_
crc _
p +B
2
2
G
_
+crc _
y
2
o
u
2

p +B
2
2
G
_

--- (17)
In unidirectional scenario X

~(0,
S
2
) and =0. And the
probability density functions of T=2X
2
/ w
2
is modeled as

1
(t) =
y
nt
c
-y
2
t
(18)

The outage probability is

P
out
(R) =_
v
(:) J:,
q
-

= __
v|1
(:|t)
1

0
(t) dt dv
q
-

This equation is approximated [] as

P
out
(R
0
) 1
1
2
crc _
p p
u
2
G
_
+
u
]
2
c
b
]
y
2
[p +
b
]
y
2
c
G
2
2-
G


]
]=1
erfc [
q-u+b
]
y
2
c
G
2
2c
G
--- (19)
V SIMULATIONS RESULTS
we consider a 66 MIMO system and wavelength z =1550
nm, beam waist wo =2 cm, and radius of curvature Fo =10
m at the transmitter. The beam propagates a distance I =1
km through a turbulent medium characterized by C
2
n. Each
receiver has a circular aperture of radius o =5 cm. The
spacing between transmitters (as well as between receivers) is
set to J =20 cm and results in independent Xmn as shown.
The misalignment variance of o
2
s =0.1 m2 is considered and
rate R
0
=1 bits/channel is considered. The effect of weak or
strong weather conditions the parameter C
2
varies and also
variance. Here we consider the variance as 0.3.
Here in Fig: 2 we are considering 44 and 66 MIMO
system symmetric misalignment and compared their
performance with their outage and SNR values. In this Fig 3
shows that the SNR versus outage probability has compared.




International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) - Volume4Issue5- May 2013

ISSN: 2231-5381 http://www.ijettjournal.org Page 1888

Fig:2 The 44 and 66 MIMO systemof SNR and outage probability with
symmetric misalignment.



Fig 3 The 44 and 66 MIMO systemof SNR and outage probability with
unidirectional misalignment.
And here the outage probability of 66 and 44
both have less outage, but if we see the SNR
values, the 66 system have less SNR comparing
with 44. So the performance of the 66 gives the
less outage, and high intensity input. And in Fig:3
we are considered 44 and 66 MIMO system with
unidirectional misalignment. Here the performance of the
unidirectional gives the better than the symmetric
misalignment.
If we compare the SNR values of 66 and 44, By
increasing the Signal to Noise ratio the transmission power
also will increase. So for the 66 system the SNR is reduced
so the transmission power also we average by increasing the
transmitters and receivers.
VI .CONCLUSIONS
A statistical model for 66 MIMO FSO channels which is
impaired by atmospheric and misalignment fading is
developed. This model is utilized to study the outage
probability of FSO channels at high signal-to-noise ratio.
Closed-form expressions for the outage probability are
derived with different misalignment fading scenarios. In the
presence of atmospheric and misalignment fading, the
diversity gain depends only on the misalignment parameters
and is independent of both the number of transceivers and
atmospheric fading parameters. In this case increasing the
number of transmitters and receivers decreases the outage
probability for a given SNR

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