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Lighting Concepts
Daylight and Daylight Systems Lighting Management | Sitecontrol Artificial Light und Luminaire Systems Lighting Technologies office industry traffic shopping public sports 26 28 30 32 34 - 49 50 - 65 66 - 77 78 - 87 88 - 115 116 - 127

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Daylight, artificial light and lighting management form the three fundamental instruments essential for a comprehensive lighting concept. Their interaction should be organised and planned according to required functional, aesthetic and emotional aspects. This basic aproach is what we call 'concerted light'.

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Daylight and Daylight Systems

Principles

Within the field of architecture, natural daylight is considered an important factor. This can be seen by architectural concepts that allow for the heightened use of daylight with fully fenestrated facades, glass-roofed atriums and the extensive implementation of rooflights. Such approaches are based upon knowledge about the human well-being in respect to daylight and its health-related function as a timer for the body's biological rhythm. Energy conservation also plays a role when daylight is considered. In cases where the heightened use of daylight becomes an essential part of the architectural concept, more stringent demands in respect to solar protection and glare protection in work spaces must also be considered. These aspects are addressed with the use of daylight systems. Daylight systems direct daylight into the depths of the building to assure a uniform spacial illumination. They protect from direct sunlight and also from excessive warmth especially in the summer months. Daylight systems also avoid glare in work areas with reduced luminance and consequently allow for a superior illumination of VDU workstations.

moveable prism system lighting instruments individual project solutions

micro sun shielding louvre

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Lighting Management

The multiple use of rooms during the day as well as in the evening is an essential requirement in today's architectural climate, and each designated room use needs a lighting concept trimmed to its requirements. It is therefore necessary that luminaire groups with variable switching and dimming states and as defined lighting scenes within the context of a lighting management system are available. The lighting management of a multi-functional room allows for example the setting and accessing of lighting scenes for such uses as seminars, receptions, media presentations and lectures. Supplementary to the controlling of such scenaric aspects, lighting management systems also incorporate a time, daylight and presence-dependent functionality.

Sitecontrol lighting instruments

Sitecontrol

Sitecontrol

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room solution chapter 15

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Artificial Light and Luminaire Systems

The planning of artificial lighting for indoors and outdoors is becoming ever more important within the area of architecture. The planning of light with artificial light encompasses the making available of enough lighting capacity for effective working during conditions of inadequate daylight. The general framework is defined within the EN 12464 european standard. In addition to this though, more comprehensive requirements must generally be met by today's lighting concepts. Lighting is expected to become an integral part of the overall design, both indoors and outdoors. It should support and protect people during periods of work and activity; it should take into account physical and psychological aspects of health and well-being, and should adapt itself to the surrounding architectural conditions. Luminaires and luminaire systems serve as instruments in the creation of artificial light. Their optical systems transform the characteristics of the illuminant (the lamp) into attributes that can be partly physically described but also contain aspects of subjective perception (such as atmosphere) that are not quantifiable. When considering aspects of lighting design, the type of lamping and the lighting characteristics are the main selection criteria for a luminaire. Formal attributes such as method of mounting (recessed, surface mounted or pendant), the luminaire structure (linear or compact) and its design are also important. The area of installation of the luminaire presents further demands such as its level of protection against external influences (for example water or soiling). Compared to single luminaires, luminaire systems offer the possibility of combining various fixtures within a formal group. Luminaire systems also encompass the integration of other architecturally determined functions such as air-conditioning or PA arrangements.

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Technological Advancements Siteco has a long tradition in the development of future-oriented lighting technologies. Many of our products and solutions serve to set new standards, for example our tried and tested floodlights and projectors or our DUS quick-mount trunking system. The newest innovations in lighting technology bear the names Siteco ELDACON, Siteco Mirrortec and Siteco radial facetted reflector optics. Characteristic for all of them are technological accomplishments that have the primary aim of making light even better for people. And as with all products with a successful future, the copies can already be seen. But only the originals combine efficiency, performance and aesthetics on such a high level.

ELDACON The accomplishment of a high level of illumination with simultaneous absence of glare are demands that are wished for but that are apparently in opposition to each other. The ELDACON technology from Siteco unites both requirements with a patented light guidance system consisting of highly precise micro-prismatic structures that direct the light from efficient 16mm fluorescent lamps without glare into the spacial area. At the same time, ELDACON allows for a geometrical format that sets new standards in terms of structural height. ELDACON has been especially developed for future-oriented officelighting solutions. Our linear fluorescent Quadrature luminaire series as well as our Futurel floor-standing uplights incorporate ELDACON technology. For direct-indirect lighting concepts, ELDACON is used in combination with the Siteco Orbiter and Lumos linear pendant luminaires and the Wave series. You can find out more about how ELDACON contributes to well-being at the workplace at www.light-for-vitality.com

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Lighting Technologies

Siteco Mirrortec The directional deflection of light beams onto a surface emits a fascination that not only lighting experts can sense. Varying conditions within the architectural setting such as the use of adequate point light sources for the creation of comfortable light determine the popularity of secondary reflector system deployment both indoors and outdoors. As a protagonist of secondary reflector technology, Siteco offers with the Mirrortec solution a wide spectrum of components for secondary reflector systems that are scalable over a wide application area. A projector emits a parallel light beam that is dispersed with a deflection reflector and reflected without glare back into the spacial area. Facets upon the reflector take on the job of light point resolution, thereby reducing glare that would otherwise be produced with the 1: 1 mirroring of the light source in the reflector. Flat Fresnel optics in the newest reflector generation don't only make way for a perfect lighting technology. They create a new quality of impression.

Mirrortec

Radialfacettenoptik
Radial facetted reflector system In the area of technical streetlighting, aspects such as traffic safety, service life, maintenance factors and energy efficiency play a prominent role. The system of lamp and reflector in a luminaire is decisive. In intensive research and development work within the area of radial facetted optics, we have been able to develop a reflector technology that determines the level by which other technical street luminaires must measure themselves against.

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People Work at Desks

Driven on by the rapid development of information and communication technology, work processes and organisation methods in the office are subject to a progressive evolution. But what is still typical is the excercise of work in a sitting position at the desk. Future-oriented office concepts incorporate flexible workstations that can be varied according to time and place. The use of the PC as a central work tool is standard. From this, a series of demands are placed upon the lighting system (see e.g. EN 12464-1, 'Light and Illumination of Indoor Workspaces'). In addition to conformance with standard demands, there exists the awareness of how to positively influence the well-being of people and their work productivity with the use of adequate lighting. High levels of lighting in the task area as well as bright vertical surfaces play a predominant role. For further details please visit www.light-for-vitality.com. The following pages show a range of lighting concepts for varying office applications.

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Open-Plan Space
characteristics

Open-plan spaces such as the dealers' room of a large bank or the visual control room of an airport are characterised on the one hand with the intense use of computer screens, on the other hand with an insufficient amount or complete lack of daylight. Under these circumstances the following lighting concepts have proved to be suitable: generous direct/indirect lighting offering excellent visual conditions, especially when the direct and indirect components can be independently operated and dimmed. The use of indirect components, preferably with a neutral to daylight white light creates the impression of daylight. The use of direct components, especially with a warm white light creates the sensation of an evening atmosphere. Because both components are discharged by large surface luminaires, direct glare as well as reflected glare on workstation surfaces is eliminated. A zonal lighting control is advantageous in order to satisfy the varying lighting needs of different work groups during the daytime as well as at night. A lighting management system fulfills the needs of regulation according to aspects of place and time.

Sitecontrol lighting instruments

Quadrature

Comfolight

chapter 16

chapter 2

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Conference Room
characteristics

The use of conference rooms creates several demands upon the lighting concept: of prime importance is a balanced ratio between horizontal and vertical lighting. An adequate lighting level should be created with the horizontal components in order to allow the unimpaired reading of documents. Adequate vertical components create a friendly, bright atmosphere in the room and on the walls, thereby supporting and encouraging communication. In the area of the media screen, additional lighting ensures optimal viewing. When a media projection takes place, the screen area must be completely shaded while at the same time a basic illumination in the peripheral space should allow conference participants to take notes. In the above situation, a lighting installation consisting of multiple circuits and luminaire types is advisable, coupled with a lighting management system with pre-programmed lighting scenes.

Sitecontrol lighting instruments

Quadrature

LunisE

LunisR

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chapter 3

chapter 5

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Call Center
characteristics

Important criteria for call centers are VDU-equipped workstations distanced from window areas, arranged in groups with varied geometrical formations. Shiftwork is typical, whereby the day time illumination should (according to natural lighting conditions) be heightened and the night-time illumination reduced. The following requirements for lighting concepts are therefore created: the illuminace must be sufficient and glare-free; an excess of luminance in the field of vision and too much reflection on VDU surfaces must be avoided. All-round glare-restricted direct luminaires or appropriate direct/indirect luminaires are suitable, for example floorstanding uplights or combinations with desktop luminaires. These should be switchable and dimmable in order to allow for their adjustment by employees according to their individual viewing needs or for adapting them to day and night-time. Light management systems are ideal for these purposes, offering further possibilities such as a chronologically dynamic, a daylight dependant or a presence dependant lighting control. An interesting alternative for the elementary illumination of the space is the use of indirect projected systems. The application of metal halide lamps provide a daylight-similar lighting ambience.

Sitecontrol lighting instruments

Quadrature

Futurel

Siteco Mirrortec

chapter 15

chapter 2

chapter 1

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Single Office, Office for Meetings

characteristics

In most cases this is a question of window oriented workstations where the interaction of daylight, daylight auxiliary lighting and artificial light for the evening plays an important role. The lighting system is designed to harmonise with the furniture and is functionally-oriented. The daylight concept requires sufficient glare protection and possible protection from the sun. Artificial lighting can be installed in the form of daylight auxiliary lighting in the window area; alternatively it can be allocated to the working or discussion area by the use of desktop luminaires or floorstanding uplights. The adoption of a lighting management system is to be recommended. This allows for the possibility of a daylightdependent switching and dimming and the adjustment of individual luminaires or luminaire groups according to use or to the day's progression.

Sitecontrol lighting instruments

SiLing

Futurel 5MS

Vistosa

Lumos

Comfolight

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chapter 6

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Doctors Practise
characteristics

The requirements of general lighting for doctors' practises are especially demanding, especially in reference to necessary lighting levels of up to 2000 lux. At the same time, high demands exist in respect to the colour temperature and colour rendering index of artificial light. Finally it must be ensured that the patient does not suffer from disturbung glare caused by the lighting installation. The needs converge mainly upon lighting concepts with extensive direct or direct/indirect luminaires for fluorescent lamps, arranged outside the field of vision of the patient.

Sitecontrol lighting instruments

SiLUNA

Quadrature

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chapter 2

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Business Club
characteristics

A business club usually consists of several independent spaces: lounge areas offer a suitable atmosphere without organisational structures for casual discussions. Group spaces consist of multifunctional areas for conferences and seminars. Work shelters are areas which can be used for confidential talks or telephone calls. All areas can be lighted flexibly with the adoption of varying lighting concepts. Floorstanding uplights allow for different arrangements in respect to interior design and lighting. With the selection of a lighting management system, a formally consistent concept can be created that is adaptable to various user requirements, for example direct/indirect lighting with incandescent lamps, allowing for a spacial differentiation and the fulfilment of different visual tasks and spacial uses.

Sitecontrol lighting instruments

Quadrature

LunisR

Futurel

chapter 15

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chapter 4

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Open Plan Office

characteristics

Open plan offices allow for the creation of working groups and teams with completely flexible floor utilisation and space segmentation. In this regard, a general spacial lighting proves to be an appropriate conceptional approach. With a low ceiling height a direct lighting solution is preferable, and with a greater ceiling height a direct/ indirect lighting solution. A direct/indirect solution improves the spacial brightness through an increase in the vertical illuminance, thereby achieving a daylight-similar lighting level, and can be achieved with pendant luminaires or floorstanding uplights. In connection with a light management system and with the use of daylight dependent and sensor dependent lighting control, energy costs can be significantly reduced. Daylight systems improve visual comfort and increase the amount of daylight in spaces distanced from window areas. A micro sun protection louvre integrated into the glass panelling of rooflighting offers a suitable safeguard against the sun's rays, effectively blocking out direct sunlight without compromising the field of view.

Sitecontrol lighting instruments

STREXX

DUSPlus decorative

Futurel

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chapter 2

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People Work with Machines and Tools

Lighting applications in the area of industry are manifold. These include production, assembly and process plants as well as warehouse and logistics areas, both indoors and outdoors. Additionally, there are laboratories and areas where research and development activities take place. As an important part of the complete operational expenses are the costs for a lighting installation. Aspects such as energy efficiency, maintenance factors as well as service life must also be considered. Merely a simple lamp replacement can lead to high costs if the production process needs to be halted. According to the application, the lighting installation must be able to bear extreme peripheral conditions. Typical examples are a high level of soiling, dust, damp, humidity, aggressive or explosive atmospheres and extremely high and low temperatures. These aspects are the basis for the protection rating and design of luminaires. In areas where a high level of cleanliness is essential, it is important that luminaires can be easily cleaned and do not have surfaces prone to soiling. For the lighting of industrial plants there exist extensive standards and the awareness of how to positively influence the well-being of people and their work productivity with the use of adequate lighting. High levels of lighting in task areas as well as bright vertical surfaces play an important role. For further information please visit www.light-forvitality.com.

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Metal Processing
characteristics

High temperatures as well as dust and dirt present challenging demands for luminaires in metal processing plants, which is why luminaires with high ingress protection and operational safety are employed. Different luminaire types are used according to the height of the plant: up to a mounting height of about 10m, linear luminaire systems with fluorescent lamps are chosen with technical reflector luminaires or technical compact luminaires with high pressure lamps. In areas where visual needs are greater, for example for mechanical processing, workstation-specific auxiliary luminaires with fluorescent lamps are used that have especially high operational safety and cleaning specifications.

High Bay Luminaire lighting instruments

Reflector Luminaire 5NJ 300

Compact Reflector Luminaire

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chapter 8

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Assembly Room
characteristics

In elevated assembly rooms with a mounting height of over 10m, reflector luminaires with high pressure lamps are favoured, whereas fluorescent lamps are deployed with less than 10m mounting height. The degree of protection of the luminaire and safety demands are dependent upon operational conditions. In situations with low dirt conditions, indirect projected systems can be used among others; they offer simple maintenance with respect to relamping. Parallel rows of trunking systems are favoured for assembly lines. They guarantee a uniform level of lighting in the assembly area and a light incidence that avoids annoying glare on metal surfaces. In areas where VDU's are used, extensive surface lighting with e.g. a micro-prism structure is preferable, reducing the danger of direct and reflected glare. For inspection work on the other hand, luminaires with a least possible light aperture area are most suitable.

DUS lighting instruments

Reflector Luminaire 5NJ 300

Siteco Louvre Luminaire

Quadrature

Siteco Mirrortec

chapter 7

chapter 8

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chapter 2

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Storage and Logistics

characteristics

High bay racking places special demands on the need for a uniform vertical lighting in often very narrow aisles or gangways. Up to a mounting height of 15m, trunking systems for fluorescent lamps with a special narrow beam reflector technology satisfy these requirements. With greater mounting heights, reflector luminaires with high pressure lamps in connection with the above mentioned reflector technology are preferred. In cold stores, damp proof luminaires are deployed. Due to safety regulations, the entries and exits of warehouses are of special importance: lighting solutions must offer a fluent transition from the brightness level inside to possibly varying lighting levels outside.

DUS lighting instruments

FR100

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Food Processing
characteristics

The stringent regulations for the food processing industry are also valid for its lighting installations. Round luminaire designs avoid the accumulation of dust and ensure a simple cleaning. High-grade plastics and stainless steel catches are required for reasons of hygiene. In some areas due to safety reasons, maximum demands in terms of fire and explosion protection are made upon luminaires. A high protection class protects the inside of the luminaire from dust and dampness. Whether or not luminaires use fluorescent or high-pressure lamping, a colour rendering index of Ra = 90 within all food processing industry areas is required.

FR500 lighting instruments

Reflector Luminaire 5NJ 300

Siteco Mirrortec

chapter 8

chapter 8

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Chemical Industry
characteristics

The very different needs for lighting quality and technology required by the chemical industry often call for customised solutions. They include the lighting of a workstation, workstation-oriented general lighting with luminaires for fluorescent lamps and the use of special clean room luminaires. Other situations call for luminaires with a high ingress protection, or in the case of certain manufacturing processes, an indirect projected system where lamp maintenance avoiding manufacturing interruptions is necessary.

Quadrature lighting instruments

FR500

Splendid

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Electronics Industry
characteristics

Chip fabrication and chip inspection as well as other controlling activities in the electronics industry pose the highest demands for a lighting concept. Fabrication usually takes place in a 24-hour shift system in screened, dust-free rooms. Special clean room luminaires are used; in circuit board control, low-glare luminaires with micro-prism structures are deployed. Different lighting concepts are being tested in order to guarantee motivation and the comfort of shift workers. It is known that the acceptance of a working environment increases when light output and colour temperature vary chronologically according to the dynamics of daylight. Lighting installations are designed so that daylight-similar conditions dominate. A lighting management system is used to adapt the intensity and colour temperature of artificial light according to the natural progression of daylight. See also 'Light for Vitality'.

Splendid lighting instruments

DUS

Siteco Mirrortec

chapter 2

chapter 7

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Outdoor Working Place

characteristics

Two characteristics are typical for the lighting of working areas outdoors. Firstly and due to reasons of safety, a high level of illumination is needed, especially in vehicular or pedestrian areas. Secondly, a particularly high level of glare-free light is required in order to guarantee visibility of perception. Asymmetrical reflector luminaires with high pressure lamps are thus preferred. They are equipped with a high-grade facetted reflector and flat glass cover, ensuring that light is completely glare-free and directed solely onto the work area. For the lighting of more extensive areas outdoors such as loading docks or petrol stations, wide distribution luminaire systems can be used to good effect.

Siteco Mirrortec lighting instruments

SQ 100 | SQ 200

FR200

Compact Reflector Luminaire

SiCOMPACT A2 MIDI SiCOMPACT A2 MAXI

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chapter 8

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Vehicular Transportation of People

The transportation of people with vehicles is a part of everyday life all over the world. Developed countries are charactererised by a closely meshed system of roads and highways. In order to ensure traffic safety, urban road systems are illuminated according to defined standards (and in some countries, highways outside of urban areas). Special attention is taken to traffic nodes (e.g. crossroads, roundabouts and bridges) as well as underpasses and tunnels that have very high demands upon the type of illumination and the safety and maintenance of their lighting installations. According to the region, outdoor luminaires must be capable of withstanding extreme weather and climatic conditions, in which case the choice of luminaire is of vital importance. Rail and shipping belong just as much to the traffic segment as do areas of stationary traffic such as parking lots and car parks, and have similar demands in respect to lighting. A typical example would be the apron areas of airports. Whereas in the area of streetlighting traditional characteristics such as economy, reliability and ease of maintenance are of importance, another aspect is becoming ever more decisive: upward light emission, meaning that part of emitted light from a luminaire that is radiated upwards into the hemisphere. This aspect of environmental 'light pollution' should at all costs be kept to a minimum. Siteco road luminaires are exemplary in this.

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Roundabout
characteristics

The roundabout is a traffic situation that affords a specific lighting concept. Vertical illuminance should ensure a high level of visibility with respect to vehicles, cyclists and pedestrians, and a sufficient glare-free and uniform illuminace must be available for horizontal surfaces, i.e. paths and roadways. This is achieved with a combination of a secondary reflector system in the centre of the roundabout and an arrangement of luminaires in the peripheral areas with an efficient specular reflector technology with a plane glass enclosure to minimise glare. With the use of metal-halide lamps an excellent colour rendering is ensured; furthermore the light of a metal halide lamp contrasts strongly with that of approaching roads, resulting in improved visual awareness.

Siteco Mirrortec lighting instruments

SiSTELLAR MAXI

DL 500

SQ 100 | SQ 200

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Residential Street
characteristics

Not only are the safety norms for illuminance important in the planning for residential areas, but also the fact that luminaires are elements of the municipal landscape, and as such play a role in its formal composition. They are expected to add positively to the night-time environment and to create a residential ambience. These requirements comply with the concept for decorative mast luminaires presented in this Book of Light. The luminaires have mounting heights of up to 6m and are primarily equipped with high pressure mercury lamps with wattages of between 50W and 125W. Additional shields on the building side of the luminaire avoid disturbing light spill.

DL 800 lighting instruments

CITY-LIGHT PLUS

Lantern

Mushroom Luminaire

chapter 10

chapter 10

chapter 10

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Tunnel
characteristics

Lin Lth

Much-used main roads and highways are increasingly channelled through tunnels and underpasses. Areas of dense population and more stringent environmental demands make this necessary. Land use can thus be minimised and the ever increasing level of traffic kept under control. A Traffic density and toxic pollutants in conduit areas mean high demands in terms of safety and service life for tunnel luminaires. A corrosive atmosphere due to exhaust fumes in reaction with road salting leads to a high degree of dirt and grime inside a tunnel, resulting in especially high-grade materials such as stainless steel for housings and safety glass for enclosures being used. Protection rates such as IP66 and IP67 are typical. Normal calculation programs used for example in the installation planning of streetlighting are not suitable for tunnel installations. The spacial conditions in a tunnel require the consideration of wall reflections. A bright illumination of wall surfaces is also important in communicating a feeling of safety to road users. For the lighting planning of a tunnel or for the making of an offer, Siteco calculate according to current norms. The level of illumination as well as quality criteria for luminaires are defined according to country-specific standards.

htung Fahrtric
A B C D E

Approach: Stretch of road immediately before a tunnel. Its length is equal to the stopping visibility. It must be possible to see inside the tunnel from here in order to drive in with a constant speed. Entrance: Distance required for bringing the vehicle to a halt from the tunnel portal. The level of illumination is determined by conditions in the approach zone as well as the traffic conditions, and remains constant for half the visibility range. It is then reduced to 40% of the original value by the end of the entrance zone.

Interior: Distance between the transition zone and the exit zone. During the day, interior lighting is required from the end of the transition zone to the tunnel exit. At night, the requirements posed on the level of illumination Lin must be higher than for a comparable stretch of open road in order to take account of the changed physiological conditions. The tunnel must be illuminated over its full length at night.

Transition Zone: Distance over which the luminance is reduced from the value at the end of the entrance zone to that inside the tunnel. A ratio of 1:3 must not be exceeded if the luminance is reduced in stages.

Exit: Distance over which the lighting conditions outside the tunnel have a significant effect on the tunnel distance by day. Adaptive lighting may be required here in some cases.

5NA 802 lighting instruments

5LA 802

Emergency Luminaire

eCatalogue

eCatalogue

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Airport Apron
characteristics

Airport aprons, i.e. those areas at the gates where aeroplanes are parked, pose especially high demands for a lighting installation. It is of vital importance that pilots are not exposed to glare. Immediately after landing, their eyes are adapted to dark conditions and so are extremely sensitive to high levels of luminance. At the same time, large surfaces must be uniformly illuminated. Large secondary reflector systems are suitable. With their light distribution reflector, the light from their highperformance projectors is not only widely distributed, but a glare effect is avoided. Alternatively, asymmetrical distribution floodlights can be used. These can be installed and adjusted so that a direct viewing of their lamps from the cockpit is not possible.

SiCOMPACT A2 MAXI lighting instruments

Siteco Mirrortec

chapter 13

chapter 14 75

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Railway
characteristics

In track areas, the operational safety and reliability of lighting installations is an important point. Luminaires are used with an especially high level of glare reduction, guaranteeing safety for staff. Much of the information for the operation of rail systems is directed with light signalling. Wrong lighting can lead to incorrect information or false interpretations. At junctions, asymmetrical luminaires with instant hot re-ignition are deployed, enabling an optimal camera surveillance from the central control office. Within the railway station or on platforms, a good illumination in terms of brightness and orientation ensures safety.

A2 MINI lighting instruments

DL 500

SL 100

SR 100 | SR 200

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chapter 12

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People Buy Goods and Services

The illumination of a sales area plays a decisive role in its success. Lighting installations in fashionable shops and boutiques exert a subtle influence on buyers. The type of light and luminaires is significant for a positive perception of goods especially in food and textile sales areas, and can stimulate the propensity to buy if designed well. The use of specialised metal halide lamps or high pressure sodium lamps that have light output spectrums adjusted for shop requirements as well as low voltage tungsten halogen lamps is predominant. Bright light in entrance areas serves as a contrast to the surroundings and is intended to attract people inwards. On the other hand the lighting of discounters, DIY stores and other economical sales areas is more oriented to the cost and operating efficiency of the installation. Trunking systems, linear fluorescent luminaires for recessed or surface mounted installation as well as compact pendant luminaires are predominant in this sector.

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Studio
characteristics

Well-designed lighting installations can give a boutique or a studio a high recognition value. A high lighting level as well as differentiated lighting for product ranges and brilliant lighting for special offer/event areas is of primary importance. For basic lighting requirements, downlights and wallwashers with compact fluorescent lamps as well as vault constructions with a suitable ceiling illuminance are used. A graduated lighting for displays is achieved with luminaires equipped with high pressure lamps, for an additional measure of brilliance. High pressure lamps in entrance areas with a high level of illuminance also serve as a 'welcome mat' for customers.

Batten Luminaire lighting instruments

LunisM

LunisE

chapter 2

chapter 5

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Boutique
characteristics

The type of goods and the target buyers are important factors for a lighting concept. Generally, the more spectacular the design, the shorter-lived the installation.

LunisR lighting instruments

LunisM

LunisE

Quadrature

chapter 4

chapter 5

chapter 5 | 6

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Car Showroom
characteristics

Lighting concepts for car showrooms are based generally on basic lighting systems in conjunction with supplementary accent lighting. Basic lighting serves the needs of general spacial perception and orientation. Accent lighting is used for special areas such as display/event areas and to direct attention towards specific car models. Sales and help desks can be demarcated and accentuated through the use of downlights with compact fluorescent lamps or with floorstanding uplights. Trunking systems are often preferred for basic lighting requirements. Spacial brightness is increased and visual conception improved with further indirect components. Projector systems with high pressure lamps are suitable for accent lighting, effecting high lighting levels with gloss and brilliance on the exhibit surfaces. Lighting systems that combine components for basic lighting and accent lighting are most appropriate for showroom areas.

DUS lighting instruments

reflector luminaire 5NJ 300

Siteco Mirrortec

chapter 7

chapter 4 | 8

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Discounter
characteristics

Characteristic demands for the lighting of a supermarket are a high level of illumination and a spacial differentiation supporting customers' needs for rapid orientation. With the use of markedly different lighting concepts, entrance areas, special offer campaign areas, fresh produce areas and payment terminals should all be noticed more effectively in order to direct the customer. Fundamentally and for economical reasons, direct distribution trunking systems with fluorescent lamps are a preferable solution; because of their linear arrangement they support the spacial geometry of rack units and aisles and assist orientation. Noticeable differences in specific areas can be made more perceptible with a change from direct to direct/indirect lighting, or else with a formal change from linear fluorescent luminaires to compact luminaires, coupled with a change of lamping and colour temperature.

DUS Plus lighting instruments

DUSs Plus spotlight element

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People Move and Meet

Indoor and outdoor areas where people meet or gather define the 'public' segment. Corridors, foyers, atriums and service areas are typical indoor circulation zones. Concert halls, congress centres, schools, waiting areas and lounges, museums, churches, trade fair halls and gastronomic areas are also meeting or gathering areas. Outdoors, pedestrian precincts, market places and parking areas as well as building vicinities belong to the 'public' segment. Lighting concepts for public areas are a way of communicating a message to the visitor or user about the space. Entrance areas, foyers and atriums should give people a feeling of welcome and have a representative function. Market places, pedestrian zones and historic town areas should invite the visitor to browse. Restaurants, bistros and bars should emanate a feeling of comfort or glamour. For terminals, trade fair halls and traffic zones, lighting serves visual direction and orientation. In concert halls, auditoriums or museums, lighting directs attention to the presentation. Lighting effects (for example with spotlighting) ensure an effective staging of architecture both indoors and outdoors. The diversity of possible uses in the public segment requires a wide spectrum of lighting instruments. In this segment are represented all areas of lighting, whether lamping, lighting characteristics, mounting methods or luminaire design.

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Library
characteristics

Functional lighting for libraries consists of shelf lighting and reading light in combination with specific lighting for working on computer screens. Suitable shelf lighting requires a high degree of vertical uniformity. Reading light should guarantee glare-free reading and writing conditions at tables. Additionally, an architecturally-based lighting component should support the perception of spacial proportions and provide the library user with orientational assistance. Accent lighting emphasises circulation and sevice areas. Trunking systems with fluorescent lamps provide architectural lighting and serve as a functional light source, especially for extensive shelf units. Floorstanding uplights and desktop luminaires offer glare-free reading and writing conditions and are also compatible with VDU's. Secondary reflector systems form a contrast to trunking systems and are an excellent solution for emphasising circulation areas.

Futurel lighting instruments

Siling

DUSPlus decorative

Siteco Mirrortec

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Exhibition Area
characteristics

In exhibition areas such as trade fairs, a uniform general lighting is normally used. In spaces with sufficient ceiling height, this is generally achieved with narrow beam distribution luminaires with high pressure lamps. With lower ceiling heights, luminaires for fluorescent lamps are deployed. A lighting management system can reduce energy consumption considerably with the use of user-dependent and daylight-dependent controlling. Exhibition areas in museums are illuminated according to two different aspects. Exhibits should firstly be optimally presented under consideration of conservational as well as technical viewpoints. Secondly, it is important to ensure the perception of external as well as internal aspects of the architecture with both daylight and artificial light. In this regard, trunking systems are appropriate, and especially linear fluorescent luminaires and compact wallwashers. Because of both energy related and climatic aspects and for reasons of conservation, sun protection in exhibition areas with rooflight panelling is of vital importance. An excellent solution is a daylight system in the form of a rigid micro sun shielding louvre, blocking out direct sunlight completely at all stages of the sun's progression, and ensuring an unimpeded view for the visitor. Daylight in an exhibition foyer can be supplemented either with luminaires equipped with fluorescent lamps, with accent lighting with high pressure lamps or with secondary reflector systems.

Sitecontrol lighting instruments

Ceilingwasher

5NJ 200 Reflector Luminaire

Hexal-a

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Auditorium
characteristics

Auditoriums allow numerous different forms of lecture or presentation, varying from purely acoustic lectures to media presentations, experimental demonstrations and seminars. Lighting concepts must accordingly take into consideration such distinctions. In the auditory area, lighting serves mainly to support the taking of notes and for communication between the listeners or with the lecturer. In the presentation area, lighting puts the lecturer in the focal centre, thus effectively supporting the presentation. At the same time in the case of the use of media, projection screen surfaces should be unlighted, leaving only the lecturer visible. These contrasting visual requirements can only be achieved with a differentiated lighting concept. Linear fluorescent luminaires are the favoured solution, but also compact luminaires with compact fluorescent lamps and tungsten halogen lamps as well as linear and compact wallwashers. A lighting management system supports the userfriendly controlling of lighting scenes.

Sitecontrol lighting instruments

LunisE

Ceilingwasher

ComfitXS

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Halls, Traffic Zones

characteristics

Traffic zones can be illuminated with daylight but in cases where they run through the centre of a building they require artificial lighting during working hours. Questions of maintenance and energy consumption are of central importance and can be decisive when considering a lighting concept. A lighting management system can reduce operating expenses through the controlling of lighting levels according to time of day and use. In other situations, questions of design become more predominant with lighting concepts. A monotonous impression of hall and traffic zone lighting can be offset with the planned use of wall or ceiling illumination, combined with the emphasis of architectural structures. From a design point of view it is also advantageous to use lighting for the highlighting of architectural elements such as embrasures or pillars or for accentuating entrances, exits and gathering points. Door areas to adjoining spaces should also be illuminated.

Lunis lighting instruments

Panel Luminaire

Siluna

LunisR Signage Luminaire

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Cafeteria
characteristics

Lighting concepts for cafeteria areas should take into consideration the additional use of the space for festivities and meetings. Fundamentally and for reasons of economy, the use of fluorescent lamps with a relatively high level of illumination and good colour rendering index is appropriate. A reasonable level of lighting in peripheral areas and particularly in wall areas create a communicative atmosphere. Uplights and surface mounted ceiling washers on walls are suitable. Lighting should particularly emphasise counter and cashpoint areas. For festive occasions and other uses, further luminaires combined with a lighting management system are recommended.

Sitecontrol lighting instruments

LunisEH

Hexal-a

LunisR
Escape Sign Luminaire

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Foyer
characteristics

Foyers are the entrance zones of a building; at the same time they also serve as reception and waiting areas. The interior of the building is usually accessed through the foyer. The aims of a lighting concept should mainly be to give this representative area an appealing atmosphere and to emphasise and highlight it through both the choice of luminaires and their lighting direction. Light should underline the architectural statement and integrate itself into existing architectural structures. Important planning aspects are the illumination of vertical surfaces with the use of uplights and wallwashers and the accenting of architectural details. Colour temperatures should additionally comply with the general tonal surroundings. Foyers operate as a thoroughfare from the outside of the building to the interior. In buildings with extensive fenestration, transparency is especially effective in hours of darkness. As a result, the lighting concept should take into consideration the night-time appearance of the foyer from the outside. A lighting management system makes sure that lighting is controlled according to the level of brightness, the form of light distribution during the day and at night, and the daylight conditions.

SiCOMPACT A2 MINI Uplight lighting instruments

LunisC

LunisM

Escape Sign Luminaire

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Service Hall
characteristics

Service halls are principally spaces where working areas and public areas come together, and are found for example in airports and railway stations. Lighting concepts can be adopted that relate specifically to the spacial separation between the working and public areas, and can assume varying approaches. An independent lighting concept is often assigned to service halls where customers collect or queue, and a separate lighting system with increased lighting levels and distinctive colour temperatures can be utilised. The concept can emphasise spacial quality and size by including the planning of wall and ceiling areas to underly the representative character of the service area. In this case, secondary reflector systems and pillar mounted floodlights are used.

SiCOMPACT A2 MINI lighting instruments

5NJ 200 Reflector Luminaire

Siteco Mirrortec

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Atrium
characteristics

Atriums serve as entrance and communication areas for large concerns and play an increasingly important role in administrative architecture. Extensive fenestration forms an enclosure to the outside and communicates a clearly defined daylight experience. A bright daylight atmosphere lends itself to the spacial needs of an atrium, for example as a foyer, as traffic and communication zones or as a possible exhibition area. Central points of a lighting concept are the control of daylight, considerations for lighting during hours of darkness and light as a supplement to daylight. With the help of a micro sun shielding louvre a transparent sun protection is possible. It assures the blocking out of direct sunlight with all phases of the sun and avoids both glare situations and excessive levels of warmth. At the same time the transparence of the micro sun shielding system ensures direct viewing of the outside world. During the evening and at night, secondary reflector systems form an adequate substitute for daylight and give the atrium a bright and inviting ambience. The secondary reflector elements are installed unobtrusively and maintenance-free on the glassed ceiling. Alternatively, pendant luminaires for high pressure lamps with a high degree of protection can be used. In peripheral areas of the atrium, additional compact luminaires such as downlights with compact fluorescent lamps, high pressure lamps or tungsten halogen lamps complete the lighting concept.

Micro Sun Shielding Louvre lighting instruments

5NJ 200 Reflector Luminaire

Siteco Mirrortec

www.siteco.net

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Floodlighting of Monuments
characteristics

Criteria for spotlighting concepts in regard to modern and historical buildings take into consideration required levels of illumination, the colour temperature to be used and colour rendering. The required lighting level is determined by the location of the building and its surrounding brightness. Higher lighting levels within inner-city areas are more important than in rural areas, and the brightness of the building, i.e. its degree of light reflection also plays a role - dark objects need more light. The spotlighting of monuments, i.e. the staging or putting on show of very large architectural objects requires projectors with a very high level of performance.

SiCOMPACT R2 MAXI lighting instruments

SiCOMPACT A2 MIDI

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Floodlighting of Objects
characteristics

The colour of light is determined mainly by the surface colour of the illuminated object. Warm white light is used to intensify warm tones, and cold tones are emphasised with neutral white or daylight white light. An impressive night-time atmosphere can be created with spacial differentiations achieved with varying colours of light. Architectural proportions and structures can be accentuated and their spacial characteristics emphasised by varying the lighting levels. Coloured light on the other hand should be handled with care. An alienation of the natural tonal balance with the use of coloured light can attract a lot of attention, but is annoying in the long run and is also architecturally unfitting.

SiCOMPACT R1 MINI S lighting instruments

CB 90

SiCOMPACT A2 MINI

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Floodlighting of Buildings
characteristics

The positioning of projectors for the lighting of a facade is determined primarily with regard to visible structural elements and patterns. If these structures do not exist, the positioning is based upon spacial aspects and desired lighting effects. Glare for observers and passers-by must at all costs be avoided.

CB 90 lighting instruments

SiCOMPACT A2 MINI

SiCOMPACT R1 MINI

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 Fotografie: Tim Corvin Kraus

Fotografie: Tim Corvin Kraus

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Pedestrian Zone
characteristics

Lighting in pedestrian areas contributes to the quality of inner-city living and to the improvement of the town or village character. Accordingly, functional aspects of lighting play as important a role as formal or decorative aspects. Lighting concepts for pedestrian areas can be multifaceted. Basic lighting for example is supplied with decorative mast luminaires with a low mounting height; a zonal illumination is produced with limited light spill in the upper hemisphere. An additional spotlighting of selected building facades and focal points such as sculptures, fountains and trees facilitates the general night-time perception of urban areas. Bollard luminaires and ground recessed luminaires serve as directional aids. Accented lighting emphasises collection and meeting points.

SM 500 lighting instruments

DL 800

CITY-LIGHT Bollard Luminaire

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Park
characteristics

The lighting in parks serves mainly for orientation and the securing of a minimum illuminance. The curved paths typical for parks require prominent orientational points. Bollard and pillar luminaires and lantern-like mast luminaires are suitable. The visible complexity caused by trees and bushes should be offset during hours of darkness with an adequate level of illumination. The luminaires should be selected to ensure that light emission is kept to a minimum.

SM 300 lighting instruments

Mushroom Luminaire

CITY-LIGHT

CB 90

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People Play Sport

The 'sports' segment includes areas where people undertake active sporting activities. Indoor areas include fitness studios and gymnasiums as well as courts and viewing areas for multiple purpose, swimming, iceskating, riding and motor sports halls (e.g. go-carting). According to the type of sport, special requirements are presented for the lighting fixtures and the lighting concept. Ball sport areas for example usually need luminaires protected against flying balls, and swimming baths need luminaires resistant to a chlorine atmosphere. A satisfactory lighting level and the avoidance of glare are important factors with fast sports. Football pitches, race tracks, athletics tracks, swimming baths, tennis courts, ski slopes and bob runs are examples of outdoor sports. The ever increasing importance of television broadcasting is a factor for many sporting facilities, which means that a lighting planning must take this into consideration at all accounts. The lighting concepts on the following pages specifically address particular types of sport in detail. Please note that for example in a football stadium, the lighting of the spectator areas, the inner areas and entrance areas are dealt with in the 'public' sector.

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Stadium
characteristics

Stadium lighting must offer optimal visual conditions for both athletes and spectators. Broadcasting presents further demands on the lighting. For excellent visual conditions, adequate vertical components and a good localised uniformity of horizontal components are vital. At the same time it is important to determine that glare effects from floodlighting are kept to a minimum. Projectors with symmetrical distribution as well as floodlights with symmetrical/asymmetrical distribution with metal-halide lamps are favoured. These are mounted on masts, whereby 4-mast constructions with spotlights satisfy the basic requirements for quality with regard to athletes, spectators and television. This is especially the case with stadiums holding large crowds, with large visual distances between spectators and athletes. Trunking systems on grandstand roofs with floodlights for symmetric and asymmetric distribution offer a good alternative to a 4-mast construction, or can serve to complete such a construction.

SiCOMPACT R2 MAXI lighting instruments

SiCOMPACT A2 MAXI

SiCOMPACT A2 MIDI

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Sports Hall
characteristics

Because of the fact that in nearly all larger sports halls multiple-purpose disciplines are practised, the required lighting levels are determined by the sport with the highest visual requirements. As a result of the nature of sport, frequent and rapid changes in visual direction are normal. In order to ease the visual activity, an avoidance of direct glare and a balanced spacial brightness are especially important. Critical factors for unimpaired vision are also the correct luminaire selection, their spacial positioning and the colour design of the peripheral hall areas. Generally, fluorescent lamps and metal-halide lamps satisfy the requirements for operating efficiency and adequate colour rendering. Impact resistant high bay luminaires, especially 3 and 4 lamp linear luminaires with fluorescent lamps have especially low glare and are suitable for suspended, pendant and recessed mounting. Compact reflector luminaires on the other hand are equipped with high pressure lamps and an impact-resistant cover glass, and are used mainly in sports halls with a ceiling height greater than 6m where high demands upon lighting exist.

Compact Reflector Luminaire lighting instruments

Siteco Louvre Luminaire

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Skating Rink
characteristics

Skating rinks present very high demands on the quality of lighting and its uniformity. For this reason only reflector luminaires and floodlights with metal halide lamps are used. The luminaires are equipped with an adequately high shielding to ensure that the spectators view is not inhibited by glare. When luminaire spacing approximates the lamp mounting height, a high uniformity of illuminace is assured. At least 6m is a benchmark for the mounting height. In most cases, lighting systems can be switched with multiple circuits, allowing lower lighting levels suitable for training purposes.

Compact Reflector Luminaire lighting instruments

Reflector Luminaire 5NJ 300

SiCOMPACT A2 MIDI

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Ski Resort
characteristics

An important factor in the lighting of a ski resort is that skiers can easily recognise the slope topography from a distance. Because of reflections from snow, no particular demands are made on the uniformity of illumination. Masts are positioned up to a slope width of 100m outside of the slope, thereby elliminating danger to skiers. According to the terrain and slope width, projectors and floodlights with symmetrical and asymmetrical distribution for metal halide lamps are used. The direction of the light beam runs parallel to the sking direction, keeping glare to a minimum. In indoor ski centres, an indirect lighting is often preferred: it guarantees a relatively uniform illuminance of the snow slope without glare and with low energy consumption.

SiCOMPACT S2 MAXI lighting instruments

SiCOMPACT A2 MAXI

Siteco Mirrortec

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Swimming Baths
characteristics

The most suitable lighting for swimming baths consists of compact reflector luminaires or floodlights with metal halide lamps. They are mainly directly inclined and for easy maintenance are mounted outside of the water area. Secondary reflector systems are also particularly suitable for the lighting of swimming baths. The maintenance-free reflector system is positioned above the water surface. The respective projectors are to be found in an easily accessible area. The luminaires must be well protected against moisture, and for this reason only luminaires protected to IP54 and higher are deployed. Indirect lighting for swimming baths with fluorescent lamps or metal halide lamps has the disadvantage of causing considerable reflection on the water surface, thereby hampering the ability to see through it. Additional underwater projector lighting reduces this effect.

Compact Reflector Luminaire lighting instruments

Siteco Louvre Luminaire

SiCOMPACT A2 MIDI

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