ADP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase

Abstract ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (ADPGlc PPase) converts ATP and glucose-1 phosphate (G1P) into ADP-glucose in plant starch biosynthesis. This enzyme is activated in the presence of 3-PGA, promoting the production of starch, and inhibited in the presence of Pi and sulfate. East Brunswick High School K198 and Mg2+ decrease repulsions of phosphates on ATP and G1P, allowing better binding of G1P. The N-terminus within each monomer interacts with the beta-helix domain via an alpha helix in cooperative allosteric regulation. Inorganic phosphates and sulfates act as inhibitors that stabilize the inactive form of the proDiscussion tein, while activator 3-PGA stabilizes the ADP-Glc PPase catalyzes the reaction that active form. All three molecules likely produces ADP-glucose from ATP and G1P. bind to the same area in ADP-Glc PPase. The ADP-Glc PPase from Solanum tuberosum is composed of 4 alpha subunits that form a homotetramer. Each subunit possesses a catalytic N-terminus domain and a regulatory C-terminus domain that consists of a beta-helix. The catalytic domain resembles a Rossmann fold with two adenine binding pockets. As ATP enters the active site of one subunit, the remaining subunits Conclusion undergo similar conformational changes to Additional copies of genes encoding ADPaccommodate further ATP binding. Once Glc PPase increase the yield of developthe ATP is bound, the beta and gamma ing seed endosperm in wheat and maize. phosphates form a bond with a conserved Increased expression of the genes increasloop (amino acids 27-34) in the protein, es starch content in plants (i.e. potatoes), causing the loop to flip out of the active site. which can be used to create recycled paper. References
1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC156471/ 2. http://www.pnas.org/content/99/3/1724.full http://www.freepatentsonline.com/EP0368506.ht 3. http://www.freepatentsonline.com/EP0368506.html 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC556571/ pdf/emboj00089-0015.pdf 5. http://www.plantphysiology.org/content/118/1/265. short

Starch Synthesis Pathway

Introduction We analyzed cDNA sequences from Landoltia punctata, a tiny aquatic plant known as duckweed. We chose 04RY2.12, which codes for ADP-Glc PPase. Methods 1. Our protein was found by using homology that compared BLASTx and BLASTp results. 2. After inferring the function and ORF from similar sequences, we researched the proteins structure and applications.

Inhibition of ADP-Glc PPase showed an increased number of potato tubers produced per plant and per stolon, reduced starch content, and increased glucose and sucrose content.