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Calc. Method = JP-7 JP-3 Pa-3 L-3 ??-4 FS-4 S-2 P-9 5.5 mm Skinfold Sum = 55.5 23.5 23 28 30.5 82 10.5 mm Body Density = 1.08119 1.083372 1.07815 1.08197 1.07293 1.07797 7.5 mm % Body Fat = 7.8 6.9 9.1 7.5 8.3 11.4 9.2 12.6 Input used: 1,2,3,4,6, 1,2,3 1,4,6 2,4,6 1,2,7,8 2,4,6,8 3,6 1,2,3,4,5, 4. Triceps 5 mm 7,8 6,7,9,10 5. Biceps 4.5 mm Age/Weight A A A A W 6. Subscapular 12.5 mm Site: Description 7. Suprailliac 6.5 mm Chest: a DIAGONAL fold on the lateral edge of the pectoral 8. Axilla 8 mm muscle, halfway between the nipple and the anterior axillary 9. Calf 10 mm line (front of underarm crease). The fold should be parallel 10. Lower Back 20 mm to the edge of the pectoral muscle. Sex male (male/female) Abdomen: a VERTICAL fold one inch to the right of the umbilicus. Age = 29 years Thigh: a VERTICAL fold in the middle of the front thigh, halfway Weight = 176 lbs between hip and knee joints. Triceps: a VERTICAL fold halfway between the shoulder and elbow Results Summary joints, on the posterior midline of the upper arm (over the Average % Body Fat 9.1% tricep muscle). Deviation of % Body Fat 2.0% Biceps: a VERTICAL fold halfway between the shoulder and elbow Median % Body Fat 8.7% joints, on the anterior midline of the upper arm. Fat weight (average) 16.0 lb Subscapular: a DIAGONAL fold at the back, just below the inferior angle of the scapula (shoulder blade), at a 45 angle WRT horizontal, Lean weight (average) 160.0 lb turning clockwise. Notes: Suprailiac: a DIAGONAL fold just above the iliac crest (front-side top tip of 1) For more information about the formulae on this sheet visit hip bone), at about 30 angle WRT horizontal, turning clockwise. http://maelstrom.seos.uvic.ca/people/zahariev/misc/bf_methods. Axilla: a VERTICAL fold on the midaxillary line (below the armpit) html at the level of the nipple. Calf: a VERTICAL fold in the middle of the medial head of 2) If you have questions, comments, or suggestions, please send the gastrocnemius. E-mail to Roger Hofer (domitron@yahoo.com) Lower a HORIZONTAL fold approximately at the position of the back: kidney (about 2 inches to the right of the spine, and 1 inch Modified by Don McBride above the umbilicus level).

Inputs 1. Chest 2. Abdomen 3. Thigh

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Standardized Skinfold (SKF) Measurement Procedure

* Measurements taken on the right side of body * Carefully identify, measure, and mark SKF site * With caliper in right hand, grasp the SKF with thumb and index finger of left hand * Start with fingers about 3 inches apart, then gently pull SKF away from body * Place caliper head perpendicular to skinfold with the dial facing up * Place caliper head 1/4-to-1/2 inch away from thumb and finger * Place caliper head halfway between crest and base of fold * Gently and fully release caliper pressure * Maintain pinch while reading dial within 3-4 seconds after releasing caliper pressure * Take duplicate measures at each site * Measure in a rotational order * Re-measure if 1st - 2nd reading is not within 1-2 mm (or 10% margin) * Record average score of closest 2 values

OTHER RECOMMENDATIONS:
* Do not take measurements after exercise or when your subject is overheated * Measure subjects when their skin is dry and lotion free * Practice on 50-100 clients to develop a high level of skill and proficiency * Train with a skilled SKF technician and compare results * Avoid using plastic calipers if you are an inexperienced SKF technician * Check the accuracy of your caliper periodically such as by using a SKF calibration block * Use the same caliper when monitoring changes in your clients SKF thickness * Do not measure skinfolds immediately after exercise * Avoid measurements in women during the menstrual cycle when there is significant or noticeable weight gain * Do not use SKF measurements on obese clients * Use appropriate formulas

Table for sum of 4, 5, 6, 7 Sum Body fat % by Age - Men 28.5 16-29 30-3940-49 16 6.7 9.3 9.5 18 7.9 10 10.9 20 8.1 12 12.2 22 9.2 13 13.5 24 10.2 13.9 14.6 26 11.2 14.7 15.7 28 12.1 15.5 16.7 30 12.9 16.2 17.6 35 14.7 17.8 19.7 40 16.3 19.2 21.5 45 17.7 20.4 23.1 50 19 21.5 24.6

50+ 9.7 11 12.5 13.9 15.1 16.3 17.4 18.5 20.8 22.8 24.7 26.3

Women 16-29 11.2 12.7 14.1 15.4 16.5 17.6 18.6 19.5 21.6 23.4 25 26.5

30-39 14.3 15.7 17 18.1

40-49 17.2 18.5 19.8 19.8

50+ 18.6 20.1 21.4 22.6 23.7 24.8 25.7 26.6 28.6 30.3 31.9 33.2

[JP-7], [JP-3] Jackson-Pollock 7-site , 3-site 1978

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Generalized equations for predicting body density of men. A.S. Jackson and M.L. Pollock. Br J Nutr, 40(3):497-504, Nov 1978. [Pa-3] Pollock et al. 3-site 1980 Measurement of cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in the clinical setting. M.L. Pollock, D.H. Schmidt, and A.S. Jackson. Compr Ther 6:12-27, 1980. [L-3] Lohman 3-site 1982 1981: Body composition methodology in sports medicine. T.G. Lohman. Phys Sportsmed, 10(12):47-58, Dec 1982 [??-4] Unknown 4-site [FS-4] Forsyth-Sinning 4-site 1973 The anthropometric estimation of body density and lean body weight of male athletes. H.L. Forsyth and W.E. Sinning. Med Sci Sports 5(3):174-180, 1973. [S-2] Sloan 2-site 1967 Estimation of body fat in young men. A.W. Sloan. J Appl Physiol, 23(3),:311-315, Sep 1967. [P-9] Parrillo 9-site 1993 High-performance bodybuilding. J. Parrillo and M. Greenwood-Robinson. Berkeley Publishing group, NY. pp. 169-172.

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Date 1. Chest 2. Abdomen 3. Thigh 4. Triceps 5. Biceps 6. Subscapular 7. Suprailliac 8. Axilla 9. Calf 10. Lower Back Sex Age = Weight =
JP-7 JP-3 PA-3 L-3 ?-4 FS-4 S-2 P-9