AIM -

The applications calls for the speed of pneumatic operations but the accuracy or controllability of hydraulics.

Principal-

Newtons law and fluid power.

Description WHAT IS PNEUMATIC DEVICES ?

Any device which generates or is powered by compressed air. Working pressure up to 10bar(difficult to carry a larger load) beyond this pressure its difficult to work with pneumatic devices.. Material required aluminum & brass Major Problems with pneumatic devices 1. the motion of a pneumatic cylinder is hard to control precisely due to compressibility of gas. 2. varying load. Major Benefits of pneumatic devices 1. fast as compared to hydraulic devices. 2. Smoother motion control

WHAT IS HYDRAULIC DEVICES ?

Any device which generates or is powered by liquid. Working pressure hydraulic power is precisely control of large forces. Material required steel.( further details not specified) Major problems with hydraulic devices 1. slower as compared to pneumatic devices. Major Benefits of hydraulic devices 1. Accuracy or controllability is good. 2. carry large loads . 3. no problem regarding compressibility of oil.

Need of combining of the hydraulic and pneumatic.

Consider, for example, applications where the benefits of speed afforded by pneumatic cylinders are required, but where the compressibility of the air becomes a problem. These are also applications where, for example, smooth motion control is needed but with a varying load, or where the starting and stopping has to be much smoother than can be provided by conventional pneumatic operation. Consider a machine tool - such as a saw of some kind - where the positioning of the saw is controlled by the linear actuator (a cylinder). The upstroke of the cylinder will be without load, and the machine designer will, in order to maximise productivity, ideally want to be able to position the saw as quickly as possible. Such an operation is best suited to pneumatics. The return motion, in contrast, where the saw is performing its cutting operation, will be a slower motion under load - and that will most likely be a changing load. This aspect of the design is better suited to hydraulics. A further example might be a positioning system where the cylinder can run at very high speed through the middle of its stroke, but where the stopping position must be controlled to a high degree of accuracy at the two extremes of the stroke. The high-speed aspect calls for pneumatic operation, but the compressibility of the gas makes accurate positioning much more difficult to achieve. Dampers can be added, of course, but that increases costs and still does not necessarily give the degree of stopping accuracy required, or the smoothness. Hydraulic operation, however, gives far more accurate stopping because the hydraulic oil is not compressible, but does not give anywhere near as good speed through the middle of the stroke

Hybrid system
Mechanism - This is achieved by means of a pneumatic valve that operates the cylinder by putting air on

the appropriate reservoir to force the oil into the cylinder to generate the cylinder movement. The oil on the other side of the cylinder is returned to the other reservoir. Control is achieved via the adjustable restrictors in the oil lines, and when the control valve is the neutral position, the oil is 'locked' in the cylinder by the two valves holding the cylinder in position. The cylinder movement will be smooth even at slow speeds, and consistent even with varying load. (Hoerbiger-Origa's AZ series cylinders, which operate off both a compressed air supply and lowpressure hydraulics- sir I dont have much details regarding this topic, I need details on this if you can provide or help us.)

Modification done by us Construction

Fig: Basic module of combined pneumatic and hydraulic.

In the given figure there are two hollow cylinder consisting two different pistons, piston 2 for outer cylinder and piston1 for inner cylinder and are on the same base. Hydraulic Valves are provided (not shown in the figure) below the inner cylinder and pneumatic valves are provided on the outer side wall of the outer cylinder. Both the pistons are attached to a plate as shown in figure and they are free to move inside both the cylinder simultaneously.

DescriptionAs per the given figure oil is present in the inner cylinder which works on the hydraulic and the gas is present inside the outer cylinder which work on pneumatic system. Whenever we want to lift the load upward (in working condition) the hydraulic system works and simultaneously pneumatic system also works by filling the outer cylinder with the gas. During ideal period (when the piston moves without load) only pneumatic system will work.

Working When we want to lift a load the pump feed oil inside the inner cylinder through the valve provided at the bottom of the inner cylinder simultaneously the compressor will pump the gas into the outer cylinder through the side valve. When the load is removed the oil is removed from inner cylinder through a special valve provided below the cylinder but gas will start exerting pressure on the piston which will help in increasing the speed of the return stroke of the piston and at the same time helps in preventing the damages ( as we have seen in hydraulic system the speed of the removal of hydraulic fluid is slower than the removal of gas in pneumatic system).