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Carlos Santos, Julio Vivas, Soledad Rodrguez, Abel Vega and Keith Crews
A study of the influence of different types of timber footbridges on the natural frequency of vibration
Vanessa Bao, J.Carlos Santos, Julio Vivas, Soledad Rodrguez, Abel Vega and Keith Crews
cetemas
cetemas
cetemas
Vanessa Bao, J.Carlos Santos, Julio Vivas, Soledad Rodrguez, Abel Vega and Keith Crews
Normative
VIBRATIONS Vertical and longitudinal
IAP-11. Regulation relating to loads in the design and planning of road bridges, 2011
Frequencies of risk of resonance (Hz) 1.25 - 4.60 Verification by appropriate dynamic studies of the vibrational response when the bridge is of a new structural type or uses new materials (different to steel or concrete)
cetemas
Vanessa Bao, J.Carlos Santos, Julio Vivas, Soledad Rodrguez, Abel Vega and Keith Crews
Objectives
To evaluate the numerical and experimental frequencies of vibration of
several timber footbridges
To study the influence of span in natural frequency for first modal shape in
bending
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Vanessa Bao, J.Carlos Santos, Julio Vivas, Soledad Rodrguez, Abel Vega and Keith Crews
Diagonals
Main girders Secondary beams
cetemas
Vanessa Bao, J.Carlos Santos, Julio Vivas, Soledad Rodrguez, Abel Vega and Keith Crews
15.6
10.6 18.6 9.1 14.6 7.6 5.8 21.6
1.5
2 2 2 2 1.5 1.5 1.5
185
185 185 185 185 185 185 190
858
561 924 462 726 462 330 952
4725
2442 6336 2107 4191 1601 974 6886 hg Wg
L (m)
w (m)
Determination of mass of bridges: volume (m3) * Density (Kg/m3), considering a general density of 550 Kg/m3 (Pinus sylvestris) L=span of the bridge (m) w=width of the bridge (m) wg=width of main girder (mm) hg=height of main girder (mm) m=mass of bridge (kg)
cetemas
Vanessa Bao, J.Carlos Santos, Julio Vivas, Soledad Rodrguez, Abel Vega and Keith Crews
cetemas
Vanessa Bao, J.Carlos Santos, Julio Vivas, Soledad Rodrguez, Abel Vega and Keith Crews
cetemas
Vanessa Bao, J.Carlos Santos, Julio Vivas, Soledad Rodrguez, Abel Vega and Keith Crews
cetemas
Vanessa Bao, J.Carlos Santos, Julio Vivas, Soledad Rodrguez, Abel Vega and Keith Crews
cetemas
Vanessa Bao, J.Carlos Santos, Julio Vivas, Soledad Rodrguez, Abel Vega and Keith Crews
cetemas
Vanessa Bao, J.Carlos Santos, Julio Vivas, Soledad Rodrguez, Abel Vega and Keith Crews
w [m] 1.5
wg [mm] 185
hg [mm] 462
m [kg] 1601
cetemas
[m] 6 7.6
Vanessa Bao, J.Carlos Santos, Julio Vivas, Soledad Rodrguez, Abel Vega and Keith Crews
cetemas
Vanessa Bao, J.Carlos Santos, Julio Vivas, Soledad Rodrguez, Abel Vega and Keith Crews
cetemas
Vanessa Bao, J.Carlos Santos, Julio Vivas, Soledad Rodrguez, Abel Vega and Keith Crews
Methodology
Experimental tests Theoretical calculations Numerical calculations
f1a
Experimental natural frequency of first bending mode (Hz)
f1b
Theoretical natural frequency of first bending mode (Hz)
f1c
Numerical natural frequency of first bending mode (Hz)
Dynamic tests Equation derived from closed-form solutions for pinned-pinned single span beams
cetemas
Vanessa Bao, J.Carlos Santos, Julio Vivas, Soledad Rodrguez, Abel Vega and Keith Crews
Dynamic tests
cetemas
Vanessa Bao, J.Carlos Santos, Julio Vivas, Soledad Rodrguez, Abel Vega and Keith Crews
Dynamic tests
CONFIGURATION
impact hammer accelerometers
PCB 3711B112G accelerometers: -sensibility: 1000 mV/g -measurement range: 2g PCB 086D20 impulse force test hammer
Data logging
Cronos IMC Equipment IMC Devices software
cetemas
Vanessa Bao, J.Carlos Santos, Julio Vivas, Soledad Rodrguez, Abel Vega and Keith Crews
Dynamic tests
CONFIGURATION
impact hammer accelerometers
Data logging
Cronos IMC Equipment IMC Devices software
cetemas
Vanessa Bao, J.Carlos Santos, Julio Vivas, Soledad Rodrguez, Abel Vega and Keith Crews
Dynamic tests
CONFIGURATION
impact hammer accelerometers
Data logging
Cronos IMC Equipment IMC Devices software
Data processing
IMC Famos
FFT (Fast Fourier Transformation)
cetemas
Vanessa Bao, J.Carlos Santos, Julio Vivas, Soledad Rodrguez, Abel Vega and Keith Crews
Dynamic tests
MODAL SHAPES FRF
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Vanessa Bao, J.Carlos Santos, Julio Vivas, Soledad Rodrguez, Abel Vega and Keith Crews
Dynamic tests
CONFIGURATION
cetemas
Vanessa Bao, J.Carlos Santos, Julio Vivas, Soledad Rodrguez, Abel Vega and Keith Crews
Dynamic tests
cetemas
Vanessa Bao, J.Carlos Santos, Julio Vivas, Soledad Rodrguez, Abel Vega and Keith Crews
Results
Evaluation of the numerical and experimental vibrational frequencies
EXP.
N. of Bridge
THEOR.
NUM.
Hg [%]
f1a [Hz]
f1b [Hz]
f1c [Hz]
Hg = humidity of beams f1a = experimental natural frequency of first bending mode f1b = theoretical natural frequency of first bending mode calculated by Equation (1) f1c = numerical natural frequency of first bending mode calculated by ROBOT r= correlation coefficient
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
14.50
16.60 14.40 28.90 15.90 15.30 13.70 15.10
7.01
8.37 4.88 9.58 5.59 13.67 15.88 4.54
5.50
7.21 4.08 7.29 5.02 10.94 12.73 3.32 r=0.995
5.58
7.06 4.11 7.45 5.11 11.2 13.9 3.33 r=0.994
High correlation coefficient between: experimental and theoretical results (0.995) experimental and numerical results (0.994)
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Vanessa Bao, J.Carlos Santos, Julio Vivas, Soledad Rodrguez, Abel Vega and Keith Crews
Results
Evaluation of the numerical and experimental frequencies of vibration
EXP. THEOR. NUM. EXP.-THEOR. EXP.-NUM. THEOR.-NUM.
f1a [Hz] 1 7.01 8.37 4.88 9.58 5.59 13.67 15.88 4.54
Relative Error
Relative Error
Relative Error
% 0.21
% 0.20
% 0.01
2
3 4 5 6 7 8
7.21
4.08 7.29 5.02 10.94 12.73 3.32 r=0.995
7.06
4.11 7.45 5.11 11.2 13.9 3.33 r=0.994
0.14
0.16 0.24 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.27 19.1%
0.16
0.16 0.22 0.08 0.18 0.12 0.26 17.5%
0.02
0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.09 0.00 2.0%
The relative error between experimental and theroretical results was of 19.1% The relative error between experimental and numerical results was of 17.5% The relative error between theroretical and numerical results was of 2.0%
cetemas
There has not been a good estimation of the mass of footbridges in order to predict the theoretical and numerical natural frequencies.
Vanessa Bao, J.Carlos Santos, Julio Vivas, Soledad Rodrguez, Abel Vega and Keith Crews
Results
Classification of the footbridges by comfort criteria and risk of resonance
span
N. of Bridge
EXP. f1a [Hz] 7.01 8.37 4.88 9.58 5.59 13.67 15.88 4.54 IAP-11
Resonance Risk SETRA (>5 Hz) Range 4 (>5 Hz) Range 4 (2.6-5 Hz) Range 3 (>5 Hz) Range 4 (2.6-5 Hz) Range 3 (>5 Hz) Range 4 (>5 Hz) Range 4 (2.6-5 Hz) Range 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
(>4.6 Hz) No risk (>4.6 Hz) No risk (>4.6 Hz) No risk (>4.6 Hz) No risk (>4.6 Hz) No risk (>4.6 Hz) No risk (>4.6 Hz) No risk (<4.6 Hz) Low risk
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All footbridges studied presented no risk or low risk of resonance in vertical vibrations for pedestrian walking
Vanessa Bao, J.Carlos Santos, Julio Vivas, Soledad Rodrguez, Abel Vega and Keith Crews
Results
Influence of span in natural frequency for first modal shape in bending
There was a decreasing relationship between the natural frequency of the first bending mode and the span for the experimental results of these 8 timber footbridges. The simple supported and straight timber footbridges with a span longer than 20 m and a width between 1.5 and 2 m presented first frequencies of vibration lower than 5 Hz.
cetemas
A span between 20 and 25 m could be the limit of manufactured timber footbridges with this design according to serviceability limit state of vibration (comfortability).
Keith Crews
Keith.Crews@uts.edu.au
www.cetemas.es
www.mediamadera.com