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202
THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHER
Playgrounds,"
New
England Magazine,
September,
19Ol;
Tsanoff,
The
Playground
Movement
(Philadelphia, 1898); Will,
"Playgrounds
and
Parks," Arena, 1894.
9. Improvement
associations.
REFERENCES:
Fuller,
"
Upward
Movement in
Chicago,"
Atlantic
Monthly,
Vol.
LXXX,
p. 534; Peattie,
"The Artistic Side of
Chicago,"
Atlantic
Monthly,
Vol.
LXXXIV, p. 828; "Improvement
Societies
Meet,"
School
Weekly, Chicago,
October
II, 19o0 ; Robinson, Improvement of
Cities and
Towns; Shaw, Municipal
Govern-
ment in Great Britain and Continental
Europe.
IV. PEOPLE.
Earlier homes
;
earlier
occupations
;
present
conditions
;
foreign
colonies.
REFERENCES:
Hull
House
Maps
and
Papers;
The Commons
(published by
the
Chicago Commons); Woods,
The Poor in Great
Cities;
Caryl,
New Era.
ART.
JOHN
DUNCAN AND ANTOINETTE B. HOLLISTER.
THE
drawing, painting,
and
modeling
illustrative of
geography
and of natural science
will,
this
year,
be knit into the work of
the classes in these
subjects
more
closely
than
ever,
the teacher
of the
subject-matter
and the teacher of
expression working
together
in the same recitation. This with a view to the enhance-
ment of the
thought
and the
gaining
of
greater spontaneity
of
expression.
When the
thought
side of the work is detached
from the
expression, by
the
setting apart
of
special
hours for
drawing,
the
integrity
of the act of
expression
is
ruined,
while
the
thought
loses in force. It becomes
necessary
for the teacher
of
drawing
to
bring
the student
again up
to the
point
of
expres-
sion. And even were the teacher of
drawing
able to deal ade-
quately
with the
subject-matter
-which,
of
course,
he seldom
is-the
arrangement
of
working separately
would
always
be a
very
wasteful one.
Geograpy.--In
the illustration of
geography
we use sand and
clay
as
well as white
chalk,
colored
chalk,
and charcoal. It would seem to be wiser
to
begin
with
modeling
rather than with
drawing,
the first
being
a
simpler
process
than the other. Sand is used for the most
rapid blocking
out of
topographic
forms. It does
not, however,
admit of
any delicacy
of
finish,
and for more detailed work we set it aside and use
clay
instead.
When the student has attained some
understanding
of actual
form,
he is
ready
to attack the
problems
of
apparent
form--the
representation
of
AND COURSE OF STUDY
203
modeled
surface
upon
a flat
surface,
that is to
say, perspective
and
light
and
shade.
Thus
modeling prepares
the
way
for
drawing,
the student
proceeding
from the more direct means of
expression
to the less
direct;
from the com-
plete
realization of form to the
suggestion
of it as seen from a
given point.
This work in
expression
will
occupy
the
periods
on
Thursday
forenoons
given
in the
program
to
geography.
Some time
may
also be set aside in the
afternoon for the
making
of modeled
representations
of
typical scenery
to
be cast in
plaster
for the benefit of all the students in the class.
Miss Baber's outline for November shows the field we intend to cover
during
the month.
Nature
study.-The nature-study period
on
Wednesdays
will be
given up
to the
painting
of the
landscape, bright
with autumn
coloring. Washington
Park,
which is within three minutes' walk of the
school,
is our
' happy
hunting ground."
APPLIED ART.
JOHN DUNCAN,
ANTOINETTE B.
HOLLISTER,
CLARA
I.
MITCHELL,
ELIZABETH E.
LANGLEY,
ANNETTE
BUTLER,
IRENE
WARREN.
DECORATIVE PAINTING.
JOHN
DUNCAN.
WE have taken
up
this
work,
as one of the main
occupations
of the
afternoon,
for two
reasons:
(I)
It needs to be done.
Our
guide
in the choice of what is to be done is to be found in
what is needed
by
the
community.
If we could build ourselves
a
house,
we would do that. This is as
yet beyond
us,
but we
can at least contribute
something
to the house we are
living
in,
adding
a last
grace,
it
may
be-at least
inscribing upon
it our
own
thoughts, making
of its walls an
appropriate background
for our studies. The
house
must be
painted
and
furnished,
and
much of the work in art and in manual
training may
here find
an aim. We
hope
to form a little band of
magicians, bringing
light
into dark
places,
and cheer into dismal
ones,
with the
touch of the
fairy
wand- the
paint-brush.
No material of like
possibilities
is so
cheap,
and none is so
misused,
as calcimine
color.
(2)
It affords excellent
training, bringing
all into ser-
vice,
each
according
to his
skill,
yielding
work of various
degrees
of
difficulty,
and work
calling
for
very
various faculties
-
imagi-
native
foresight,
taste,
ingenuity,
and
judgment,
in the
planning