RONEL M. BATANGAN BSE IV-C Topic Outline: 1. General characteri tic o! Biolo"ical #opulation $. Brie! %i tor& o!

%u'an #opulation (. The #hilippine #opulation ). *actor a!!ectin" the population "ro+th ,. #opulation chan"e an- e.plo ion /. #opulation ter' Dynamics of Population Population It re!er to the nu'0er o! inha0itant 1either the total nu'0er or the nu'0er o! a particular race or cla 2 in a "i3en place. It al o re!er to a "roup o! in-i3i-ual 0elon"in" to one pecie an- i !oun- to"ether in a -e!ine- area at a certain ti'e 1Ta&o4 $55)2. Characteristics of Population 1. Population density 6e cri0e the -e"ree o! cro+-e-ne 2. Dispersion It i the -i tri0ution o! or"ani ' o3er the pace +here the& are !oun-. Patterns of Dispersion a) Clumped distribution It i the 'o t co''on t&pe o! pattern ince the oil or 'e-iu' on +hich the or"ani ' are !oun- in nature are not uni!or'. Nutrient rich area are patch&. b) Random distribution It i rare in nature4 occurrin" onl& +here the oil i "enerall& rich o that the plant can "ro+ an- thri3e an&+here. c) Uniform distribution It i !oun- in arti!icial culti3ate- area 3. Natality uch a orchar- . o! a population in a "i3en area.

Corre pon- to +hat i ter'e- in hu'an a 0irth rate o! the nu'0er o! ne+ in-i3i-ual pro-uce- in the population !or a perio- o! ti'e. 4. ortality I -eath rate in hu'an -e'o"raphic o! the nu'0er o! -eath in a "i3en perio- o! ti'e. !. "#e distribution Cla i!ie the population accor-in" to a"e 0rac7et or to "eneral a"e "roup prerepro-ucti3e4 repro-ucti3e4 po trepro-ucti3e 1O-u'4 18912 $. Reproducti%e Potential O! a population i it theoretical capacit& to pro-uce the 'a.i'u' nu'0er o! o!! prin" in i-eal con-ition . &. 'ro(th An i'portant !eature o! a population ince the increa e or -ecrea e o! population i:e -eter'ine it interaction +ith other population in the co''unit& an- it i'pact on the en3iron'ent. A population that ha a !a3ora0le en3iron'ent +ith a0un-ant re ource +oul- increa e in e.ponential !a hion 0ut top to appoint +here the 'a.i'u' capacit& o! the en3iron'ent to upport the en3iron'ent the population ha 0een reache-. The enpoint i calle- carr&in" capacit& le3el o! the peci!ic en3iron'ent. " )rief *istory of *uman Population 'ro(th 1. In the earl& perio- o! hunter an- "atherer 4 the +orl-; total hu'an population +a pro0a0l& le than a !e+ 'illion. $. A econ- perio-4 0e"innin" +ith the ri e o! a"riculture4 allo+e- a 'uch "reater -en it& o! people an- the !ir t 'a<or increa e in the hu'an population. (. The In-u trial Re3olution4 +ith i'pro3e'ent in healthcare an- the uppl& o! !oo-4 le- to a rapi- increa e in the hu'an population. ). To-a&4 the rate o! population "ro+th ha lo+e- in +ealth&4 in-u triali:e- nation 0ut continue to increa e rapi-l& in 'an& poorer4 le -e3elope- nation . +he Philippine Population The population o! the #hilippine ha 0een tea-il& "ro+in" !or 'an& &ear . In $51(4 it i the 1$th 'o t populate- countr& in the +orl-4 0et+een Me.ico an- Ethiopia4 an- continue to "ro+ at a rate o! 1.=8> per &ear. uch a

To !i"ure out ho+ 'an& people li3e in The #hilippine in $51(4 +e can loo7 at -ata pro3i-e- 0& the #hilippine National Stati tic O!!ice. #ro<ectin" thi -ata !or+ar-4 u in" the 1.=8> "ro+th rate4 "i3e u a $51( population o! 8=49()498= in The #hilippine . Ba e- on the $515 cen u re ult 4 the population increa e- nearl& 1/ 'illion !ro' the $555 cen u re ult . The "ro+th rate ha lo+e- li"htl& !ro' the pre3iou cen u 4 -o+n to 1.=8> !ro' $.()>. The ne.t cen u in the #hilippine i che-ule- !or $51,. Philippines ,ar#est Cities The #hilippine ? lar"e t cit& i @ue:on Cit&4 +hich contain $4/984),5 people. It !or' a part o! the +i-er Metropolitan Manila area4 +hich i co'pri e- o! 1/ citie an- ha an o3erall population o! 114,,(4)$9 people. To 'a7e thin" e3en 'ore co'plicate-4 the entire Greater Manila ur0an area pill out 0e&on- the 0oun-arie o! Metro Manila an- i reporte- to contain aroun- $, 'illion people A a Buarter o! the #hilippine entire population.

Other 'a<or citie inclu-e Manila it el! 1pop: 14//5491)24 Caloocan 1pop: 14(9=4=,/2 an- 6a3ao Cit& 114(/(4((92. O! the e4 onl& 6a3ao Cit& i out i-e o! the Metropolitan Manila area. #opulation %i tor& Cear 18,5 18/5 1895 18=5 1885 $555 $515 #opulation 1=4,=54)=9 $/4$9149(1 (,4=5,45/5 )94(8=4)($ /148)=4/== 994/,14=)= 8(4)))4($$

Population Pro-ections Cear $5$5 $5(5 $5)5 #opulation 11$4/()4,(, 1(,4)/=49/( 1/549(,45)8

$5,5 $5/5 $595 $5=5 $585 $155

1=848984(=9 $$)4))(45$= $/)485/48)= (1(41,84)19 (9145894),= ))54)=8451=

.actors "ffectin# Population 'ro(th a. )io/physical .actor A rich natural en3iron'ent +ith an a0un-ance o! !oo- an- an un-i tur0e- en3iron'ent li7e it eco & te' are con-uci3e to an increa e in population. b. Reproducti%e years of mothers #opulation +ith hi"h !ecun-it& ten- to increa e !a ter. #eople 1,-)) &ear ol- in the #hilippine con titute al'o t ,5 percent o! the population thu an increa e in population. c. Reli#ion The catholic re"ion !or0i- the u e o! arti!icial 0irth control 'ea ure li7e oral contracepti3e 4 con-o' 4 intrauterine -e3ice1ID62 an- a0ortion. Thi 'ea ure i contri0utor& to the increa e in population. d. i#ration The entrance o! people to a countr& increa e population. e. 0mpro%ement in edicine1 Nutrition and 2anitation.

The e ha3e e!!ecti3el& re-uce- the inci-ence o! -i ea e 4 increa e- lon"e3it&4 anre-uce- 'ortalit&. f. "#ricultural re%olution A"ricultural -e3elop'ent ha allo+e- the e ta0li h'ent o! co''unitie that upport 'ore people. A-3ance in a"riculture ha re-uce- the nu'0er o! 'anpo+er reBuire'ent in a"ricultural pro-uction. #. 0ndustrial re%olution

Thi ena0le- people to tra3el !a ter an- ea ier. Thi ha al o le- to 'i"ration to place not inha0ite- or par el& populate- 0e!ore. A--itional co''unitie +ere e ta0li he-4 e3entuall& 0eco'in" center o! population. h. 3conomic and 2ocial De%elopment The "ro+in" -o'e tic an- in-u trial -e'an- !or 'ore pro-uct an- the corre pon-in" -epletion o! natural re ource cannot 0e u taine- in-e!initel& +ithout e3ere en3iron'ental -i or-er 1%enr& E %ein7e4 $5552.

.actors "ffectin# the Carryin# Capacity of an 3cosystem 1. The i:e o! the #opulation $. The a'ount o! re ource a3aila0le in the eco & te' (. The a'ount o! re ource each in-i3i-ual i con u'in"

0ssues and Problems Concernin# *uman Population 12 %u'an #opulation an- Fater $2 %u'an #opulation an- Socio-cultural #ractice (2 O3er #opulation

Population +erms

"#e/se4 structure5 The co'po ition o! a population a -eter'ine- 0& the nu'0er or proportion o! 'ale an- !e'ale in each a"e cate"or&. The a"e- e. tructure o! a population i the cu'ulati3e re ult o! pa t tren- in !ertilit&4 'ortalit&4 an- 'i"ration. In!or'ation on a"e- e. co'po ition i e ential !or the -e cription an- anal& i o! 'an& other t&pe o! -e'o"raphic -ata. "lien5 An& per on not a citi:en or national o! the Dnite- State . )irth Rate 6or crude birth rate)5 The nu'0er o! li3e 0irth per 14555 population in a "i3en &ear. Not to 0e con!u e- +ith the "ro+th rate.

Carryin# Capacity5 The 'a.i'u' u taina0le i:e o! a re i-ent population o! a "i3en pecie in a upportin" eco & te'. In hu'an ter' 4 carr&in" capacit& re!er to the nu'0er o! in-i3i-ual +ho can 0e upporte- in a "i3en area +ithin natural re ource li'it an- +ithout -e"ra-in" the natural ocial4 cultural an- econo'ic en3iron'ent !or pre ent an- !uture "eneration . Carr&in" capacit& !or an& "i3en area i not !i.e-4 0ut can 0e altere- 0& i'pro3e- technolo"&4 an- i u uall& ne"ati3el& i'pacte- 0& pre ure +hich acco'pan& a population increa e. A upportin" eco & te' are -e"ra-e-4 carr&in" capacit& hrin7 4 lea3in" the en3iron'ent no lon"er a0le to upport e3en the population +ho coul- !or'erl& ha3e li3e- in an area on a u taina0le 0a i . No population can li3e 0e&on- the en3iron'ent? carr&in" capacit& in-e!initel&. See ecolo"ical !ootprint. Crude birth rate5 The nu'0er o! 0irth in a "i3en &ear -i3i-e- 0& the total population in that &ear. Demo#raphic +ransition5 112 The hi torical hi!t o! 0irth an- -eath rate !ro' hi"h to lo+ le3el in a population. The -ecline o! 'ortalit& u uall& prece-e the -ecline in !ertilit&4 thu re ultin" in rapi- population "ro+th -urin" the tran ition perio-. 1$2 The tran ition !ro' a tra-itional -e'o"raphic re"i'e in +hich !ertilit& an- 'ortalit& are hi"h to a 'o-ern re"i'e in +hich !ertilit& an- 'ortalit& are 'uch lo+er. The tran ition !ro' a o-calle- re"i'e o! GnaturalG !ertilit& 1not controlle- 0& couple 2 to+ar- a re"i'e o! Gcontrolle-G !ertilit& 'a& 0e re!erre- to a a !ertilit& tran ition. The perio- -urin" +hich 'ortalit& -ecrea e i re!erre- to a an epi-e'iolo"ical tran ition or a health tran ition. It i acco'panie- 0& i'pro3e- health4 nutrition an- or"ani:ation o! health er3ice an- a chan"e in the cau e o! -eath4 in!ectiou -i ea e -i appearin" pro"re i3el& in !a3or o! chronic an- -e"enerati3e -i ea e an- acci-ent . Doublin# time5 The nu'0er o! &ear reBuire- !or the population o! an area to -ou0le it pre ent i:e4 "i3en the current rate o! population "ro+th. #opulation -ou0lin" ti'e i u e!ul to -e'on trate the lon"-ter' e!!ect o! a "ro+th rate4 0ut houl- not 0e u e- to pro<ect population i:e. Man& 'ore -e3elope- countrie ha3e 3er& lo+ "ro+th rate an-4 a a re ult4 the eBuation ho+ -ou0lin" ti'e o! hun-re- or thou an- o! &ear . But the e countrie are not e.pecte- to e3er -ou0le a"ain. Mo t4 in !act4 li7el& ha3e population -ecline in their !uture. Man& le -e3elope- countrie ha3e hi"h "ro+th rate that are a ociate- +ith hort -ou0lin" ti'e 4 0ut are e.pecte- to "ro+ 'ore lo+l& a 0irth rate are e.pecte- to continue to -ecline. .ecundity5 The ph& iolo"ical capacit& o! a +o'an to pro-uce a chil-. .ertility5 112 The actual repro-ucti3e per!or'ance o! an in-i3i-ual4 a couple4 a "roup4 or a population. See "eneral !ertilit& rate. 1$2 The ter' !ertilit& i u e- in tea- o! natalit& +hen 0irth are put in relation +ith the nu'0er o! +o'en o! !ertile a"e. The !ertilit& o! a

"eneration can 0e u''ari:e- 0& co'plete- !ertilit& an- 'ean a"e at chil-0irth4 +herea the total perio- !ertilit& rate 'ea ure the !ertilit& rate !or the &ear. 'eneral .ertility Rate5 The nu'0er o! li3e 0irth per 14555 +o'en a"e 1,-)) or 1,-)8 &ear in a "i3en &ear. 'ro(th Rate5 The nu'0er o! per on a--e- to 1or u0tracte- !ro'2 a population in a &ear -ue to natural increa e an- net 'i"ration e.pre e- a a percenta"e o! the population at the 0e"innin" o! the ti'e perio-. 1Al o ee Forl- Ban7 #opulation Gro+th Rate in!or'ation2. 0mmi#rant5 An alien a-'itte- to the Dnite- State a a la+!ul per'anent re i-ent. 0mmi#ration Rate5 The nu'0er o! i''i"rant arri3in" at a -e tination per 14555 population at that -e tination in a "i3en &ear. ,ess de%eloped countries5 Le -e3elope- countrie inclu-e all countrie in A!rica4 A ia 1e.clu-in" Hapan24 an- Latin A'erica an- the Cari00ean4 an- the re"ion o! Melane ia4 Microne ia4 an- #ol&ne ia. ,ife e4pectancy5 The a3era"e nu'0er o! a--itional &ear a per on o! a "i3en a"e coule.pect to li3e i! current 'ortalit& tren- +ere to continue !or the re t o! that per on? li!e. Mo t co''onl& cite- a li!e e.pectanc& at 0irth. ,ife 34pectancy at )irth5 The a3era"e nu'0er o! &ear a ne+0orn in!ant +oul- 0e e.pecte- to li3e i! health an- li3in" con-ition at the ti'e o! it 0irth re'aine- the a'e throu"hout it li!e. 1Al o ee Forl- Ban7 Li!e E.pectanc& in!or'ation2. i#rant5 A per on +ho lea3e hi Iher countr& o! ori"in to ee7 re i-ence in another countr&. ore de%eloped countries5 More -e3elope- countrie inclu-e all countrie in Europe4 North A'erica4 Au tralia4 Ne+ Jealan-4 an- Hapan. ortality5 6eath a a co'ponent o! population chan"e. Natural 0ncrease 6or Decrease)5 The urplu 1or -e!icit2 o! 0irth o3er -eath in a population in a &ear or "i3en ti'e perio-. Population 0ncrease5 The total population increa e re ultin" !ro' the interaction o! 0irth 4 -eath 4 an- 'i"ration in a population in a "i3en perio- o! ti'e. Population omentum5 The ten-enc& !or population "ro+th to continue 0e&on- the ti'e that replace'ent-le3el !ertilit& ha 0een achie3e- 0ecau e o! the relati3el& hi"h concentration o! people in the chil-0earin" &ear .

Population Pro-ection5 Co'putation o! !uture chan"e in population nu'0er 4 "i3en certain a u'ption a0out !uture tren- in the rate o! !ertilit&4 'ortalit&4 an- 'i"ration. 6e'o"rapher o!ten i ue lo+4 'e-iu'4 an- hi"h pro<ection o! the a'e population4 0a e- on -i!!erent a u'ption o! ho+ the e rate +ill chan"e in the !uture. Population Pyramid5 A 0ar chart4 arran"e- 3erticall&4 that ho+ the -i tri0ution o! a population 0& a"e an- e.. B& con3ention4 the &oun"er a"e are at the 0otto'4 +ith 'ale on the le!t an- !e'ale on the ri"ht. Population stabili7ation5 Co''on ter' !or :ero population "ro+th4 in +hich the 0irth rate eBual the -eath rate an- in a--ition +here net i''i"ration eBual net e'i"ration o that the population -oe not increa e or -ecrea e o3er ti'e. D uall& u e- in the conte.t o! ta0ili:in" increa in" population . Rate of Natural 0ncrease 6or Decrease)5 The rate at +hich a population i increa in" 1or -ecrea in"2 in a "i3en &ear -ue to a urplu 1or -e!icit2 o! 0irth o3er -eath 4 e.pre e- a a percenta"e o! the 0a e population. 2ustainable population5 a population o! a "i3en pecie that can 0e 'aintainein-e!initel& in a "i3en area +ithin natural re ource li'it 4 an- +ithout -e"ra-in" upportin" natural eco & te' a +ell a the ocial4 cultural an- econo'ic en3iron'ent o! pre ent an- !uture "eneration . See carr&in" capacit&. +otal .ertility Rate 6+.R)5 112 The a3era"e nu'0er o! chil-ren that +oul- 0e 0orn ali3e to a +o'an 1or "roup o! +o'en2 -urin" her li!eti'e i! he +ere to pa throu"h her chil-0earin" &ear con!or'in" to the a"e- peci!ic !ertilit& rate o! a "i3en &ear. Thi rate i o'eti'e tate- a the nu'0er o! chil-ren +o'en are ha3in" to-a&. Al o ee "ro repro-uction rate an- net repro-uction rate. 1$2 An e ti'ate o! the a3era"e nu'0er o! chil-ren that +oul- 0e 0orn to each +o'an i! the current a"e- peci!ic 0irth rate re'aine- con tant. 1$2 A h&pothetical e ti'ate o! co'plete- !ertilit&. It in-icate ho+ 'an& 0irth a +o'an +oul- ha3e 0& the en- o! her repro-ucti3e li!e4 i!4 !or all o! her chil-0earin" &ear 4 he +a to e.perience the a"e- peci!ic 0irth rate !or that "i3en &ear

Population Chan#e +he )alancin# 38uation Ba ic 'etho- o! calculatin" nu'erical population chan"e o3er ti'e. #$ K #1 L 1B - 62 L 1I - E2 Fhere: #$ K pop at later -ate #1 K pop at earlier -ate B K Birth

6 K 6eath I K I''i"ration E K E'i"ration Surplu 1or -e!icit2 o! 0irth o3er -eath in a population in a "i3en ti'e perio-.

Natural 0ncrease

NI K B A 6

Rate of Natural 0ncrease

Rate a +hich a population i increa in" 1or -ecrea in"2 in a "i3en &ear -ue to a urplu 1or -e!icit2 o! 0irth o3er -eath 4 e.pre e- a a percenta"e o! the 0a e population. Thi rate -oe not inclu-e the e!!ect o! i''i"ration or e'i"ration.

1M 0irth "i3en perio- o! ti'e2 - 1M-eath "i3en perio- o! ti'e2 I Total #opulation 'i-perio- o! ti'e N O or: Birth rate - 6eath rate2I 15

'ro(th Rate

1Birth - 6eath L Net Rate at +hich a population i 'i"ration2I Tot #op N O increa in" 1or -ecrea in"2 in a "i3en &ear -ue to natural increa eand net or: 'i"ration4 e.pre e- a a percenta"e o! the 0a e population. Ne3er to 0e Rate o! natural increa e L con!u e +ith Birth Rate. Net 'i"ration rate @uic7 calculation: 95I Gro+th rate 1>2N N"ro+th rate > e.pre e- a an inte"er

Doublin# +ime

Ti'e4 at current "ro+th rate4 a population +oul- ta7e to -ou0le in i:e.

+he Demo#raphic +ransition

Sta"e I: %i"h 0irth rate4 hi"h -eath rate K 'o-e t "ro+th Sta"e II: %i"h 0irth rate4 !allin" -eath rate K hi"h "ro+th Sta"e III: 6eclinin" 0irth rate4 relati3el& lo+ -eath rate K lo+e"ro+th

Sta"e IV: Lo+ -eath rate4 lo+ 0irth rate K 3er& lo+ "ro+th Doublin# +ime Definition5 The a'ount o! ti'e !or a "i3en population to -ou0le4 0a e- on the annual "ro+th rate. To -eter'ine -ou0lin" ti'e4 -i3i-e the "ro+th rate a a percenta"e into 95. i.e.4 a "ro+th rate o! (., repre ent a -ou0lin" ti'e o! $5 &ear . 34amples5 A!"hani tan ha a current "ro+th rate o! ).=>4 repre entin" a -ou0lin" ti'e o! appro.i'atel& 1)., &ear 195I).=K1).,2. References5 )oo9s5 Orti: Eua!ronio A.4 Bal-e ancho Ma. Ro ario A.4 Gon:ale Nanc& Ann #.4 Ino!ina-a Vir"inia *.4 Ha3ier Miria' N.4 Rualo Glenna-i R.4 Santo El'a B.4 PEn3iron'ental Science Cour e0oo7Q4 trinta pu0li hin" Inc.4 pa"e )9-,(.

Bot7in 6aniel B. an- Oeller E-+ar- A.4 PEn3iron'ental ScienceQ4 #an A ia Boo7 E.chan"e !or C E E #u0li hin" Inc.4 pa"e ,(-95.

Blau tein 6aniel4 Hohn on Re0ecca4 Mathieu 6e3i.4 O!!ner4 Su an #%.6.4 PBiolo"&: The 6&na'ic o! Li!eQ4 GlencoeIMcGra+-%ill.4 pa"e 11)-11,4 1$/-1$=. Oa 7el Al0ert4 %u''er Hr. #aul H.4 6aniel Luc&4 PGlencoe Biolo"&: An E3er&-a& E.perienceQ McGra+ %ill pa"e /($-/(/. 0nternet :ebsites5 Su p .or"4 P#opulation Ter' Q4 Ma& 1/4 $55( !ro' http:II+++. u p .or"Io3er3ie+IpopulationRter' .ht'l Forl-populationre3ie+.co'4 PThe #hilippine #opulationQ4 !ro'http:II+orl-populationre3ie+.co'Ithe-philippine -population-$51(I Cen u ."o3.ph4 PNSO Relea e $51( #hilippine in *i"ureQ4 Fe-ne -a&4 Hul& 154 $51( !ro' http:II+++.cen u ."o3.phIcontentIn o-relea e -$51(-philippine -!i"ure

Sli-e hare.net4 P#opulation Oe& For- Q4 0& cheer"al al on Ma& )4 $55= !ro' http:II+++. li-e hare.netIcheer"al alIpopulation-7e&-+orGeo"raph&.a0out.co'4 P6ou0lin" Ti'eQ 0& Matt Ro en0er" !ro' http:II"eo"raph&.a0out.co'Io-I"eo"raph&"lo ar&-I"I""-ou0lin"ti'e.ht'