Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Edexcel and BTEC Qualifications Edexcel and BTEC qualifications come from Pearson, the worlds leading learning company. We provide a wide range of qualifications including academic, vocational, occupational and specific programmes for employers. For further information, please visit our website at www.edexcel.com. Our website subject pages hold useful resources, support material and live feeds from our subject advisors giving you access to a portal of information. If you have any subject specific questions about this specification that require the help of a subject specialist, you may find our Ask The Expert email service helpful. www.edexcel.com/contactus
Pearson: helping people progress, everywhere Our aim is to help everyone progress in their lives through education. We believe in every kind of learning, for all kinds of people, wherever they are in the world. Weve been involved in education for over 150 years, and by working across 70 countries, in 100 languages, we have built an international reputation for our commitment to high standards and raising achievement through innovation in education. Find out more about how we can help you and your students at: www.pearson.com/uk
January 2013 Publications Code UA034368 All the material in this publication is copyright Pearson Education Ltd 2013
Use of a formula Where a method involves using a formula that has been learnt, the advice given in recent examiners reports is that the formula should be quoted first. Normal marking procedure is as follows: Method mark for quoting a correct formula and attempting to use it, even if there are mistakes in the substitution of values. Where the formula is not quoted, the method mark can be gained by implication from correct working with values, but may be lost if there is any mistake in the working. Exact answers Examiners reports have emphasised that where, for example, an exact answer is asked for, or working with surds is clearly required, marks will normally be lost if the candidate resorts to using rounded decimals. Answers without working The rubric says that these may not gain full credit. Individual mark schemes will give details of what happens in particular cases. General policy is that if it could be done in your head, detailed working would not be required. Misreads A misread must be consistent for the whole question to be interpreted as such. These are not common. In clear cases, please deduct the first 2 A (or B) marks which would have been lost by following the scheme. (Note that 2 marks is the maximum misread penalty, but that misreads which alter the nature or difficulty of the question cannot be treated so generously and it will usually be necessary here to follow the scheme as written). Sometimes following the scheme as written is more generous to the candidate than applying the misread rule, so in this case use the scheme as written.
Scheme
Marks
3
1.
3x 1 3x 3 (2 + 3 x) 3 = ( 2 ) 1 + = 1 + 2 8 2 ( 3)( 4) ( 3)( 4)(5) 1 = 1 + ( 3)(k x) + (k x) 2 + (k x)3 + ... 8 2! 3! 2 3 ( 3)( 4)(5) 3 x 1 3 x ( 3)( 4) 3 x = 1 + ( 3) + + + ... 2! 3! 8 2 2 2
= 1 9 27 2 135 3 1 x; + x x + ... 8 2 2 4 1 9 27 2 135 3 = x; + x x + ... 8 16 16 32
(2) 3 or
1 8
B1
see notes M1 A1
B1: (2) 3 or
( 3)( 4) ( 3)( 4) 2 2 ( k x ) or 1 + ...... + (k x) 2! 2! ( 3)( 4) ( 3)( 4)( 5) (k x)2 + (k x)3 where k 1 are ok for M1. or 2! 3! ( 3)( 4) ( 3)( 4)(5) A1: A correct simplified or un-simplified 1 + ( 3)(k x) + (k x) 2 + ( k x )3 2! 3! expansion with consistent ( k x ) where k 1 .
Eg:
1 + ( 3)(k x) or ( 3) ( k x ) +
is M1A0
unless recovered. 1 9 A1: For x (simplified fractions) or also allow 0.125 0.5625 x. 8 16 1 9 9 27 2 135 3 Allow Special Case A1 for either SC: 1 x ; ... or SC: K 1 x + x x + ... 8 2 2 2 4 (where K can be 1 or omitted), with each term in the [.........] either a simplified fraction or a decimal.
A1: Accept only
1. ctd
2 3 1 ( 3)( 4)(5) 3 x 3 x ( 3)( 4) 3x + 1 + ( 3) + + ... where 8 2! 3! 2 2 2 3 3 1 9 27 2 135 3 k = and not and achieve + x+ x + x + ... will get B1M1A1A0A0. 2 2 8 16 16 32 Alternative method: Candidates can apply an alternative form of the binomial expansion. ( 3)( 4) 5 ( 3)( 4)(5) 6 (2 + 3 x) 3 = (2) 3 + ( 3)(2) 4 (3 x) + (2) (3 x) 2 + (2) (3 x)3 2! 3! 1 B1: or (2) 3 8 M1: Any two of four (un-simplified) terms correct. A1: All four (un-simplified) terms correct. 1 9 A1: x 8 16 27 2 135 3 A1: + x x 16 32 Note: The terms in C need to be evaluated, so 3C0 (2) 3 + 3C1 (2) 4 (3 x) + 3C2 (2) 5 (3 x) 2 + 3C3 (2) 6 (3 x)3 without further working is B0M0A0.
Question Number
Scheme
2. (a)
x ln x dx ,
1
3
du 1 u = ln x = dx x 2 dv = x 3 v = x = 1 2 2 x 2 dx
In the form
1 1 ln x 2 . 2 x x x
1 ln x 2 x2
1 1 . dx 2 x2 x
M1
A1
1 1 ln x + = 2 2 2 x
1
3
dx
1 1 x 2 . . 2 x x Correct answer, with/without + c
1 1 1 = 2 ln x + 2 {+ c} 2x 2 2x
dM1 A1
[5]
(b)
Applies limits of 2 and 1 to their part (a) M1 answer and subtracts the correct way round. or equivalent. A1
[2] 7
3 1 = ln 2 16 8
or
(a)
1 1 or equivalent. ln x 2 . 2 x x x
A1 :
(b)
1 1 x 2 . . x2 x 1 1 1 1 1 x 2 x 2 A1: 2 ln x + 2 {+ c} or = 2 ln x 2 {+ c} or ln x {+ c} 2 2x 4x 4 2x 2 2x 1 2ln x or {+ c} or equivalent. 4 x2 You can ignore subsequent working after a correct stated answer. M1: Some evidence of applying limits of 2 and 1 to their part (a) answer and subtracts the correct way round. 1 ln ( 1 ) + 3 3 1 3 1 A1: Two term exact answer of either ln 2 or ln 2 8 or ( 3 2ln 2 ) or 4 16 8 16 16 16 or 0.1875 0.125ln 2. Also allow awrt 0.1. Also note the fraction terms must be combined. Note: Award the final A0 in part (b) for a candidate who achieves awrt 0.1 in part (b), when their answer to part (a) is incorrect.
dM1: Depends on the previous M1.
2. (b) ctd
Alternative Solution du = 3x 4 u = x 3 1 dx ln x dx , 3 x dv = ln x v = x ln x x dx 3 1 1 ln x dx = 3 ( x ln x x) ( x ln x x) 4 dx 3 x x x
1 1 ln x dx = 3 ( x ln x x) x3 x
3 dx x3
M1
1 ( x ln x x) x3 2 1 1 3 ln x dx = 3 ( x ln x x) + 3 2 x2 x x
{+ c} {+ c}
1 1 3 ln x dx = 3 ( x ln x x) 3 2x 4 x2 x = 1 1 ln x 2 {+ c} 2 2x 4x
A1
Question Number 3.
Scheme
Method 1: Using one identity 9 x 2 + 20 x 10 B C A + + ( x + 2)(3x 1) ( x + 2) (3x 1) A=3
Marks
9 x + 20 x 10 A( x + 2)(3 x 1) + B (3 x 1) + C ( x + 2)
2
B1 Forming a correct identity. B1 Attempts to find the value of either one of their B or their C M1 from their identity. Correct values for their B and their C, which are A1 found using a correct identity.
Either
x2 : 9 = 3 A ,
x : 20 = 5 A + 3B + C
constant: 10 = 2 A B + 2C
or x = 2 36 40 10 = 7 B 14 = 7 B B = 2
x= 1 20 7 7 7 1+ 10 = C = C C = 1 3 3 3 3 3
[4]
Method 2: Long Division 9 x 2 + 20 x 10 5x 4 3+ ( x + 2)(3x 1) ( x + 2)(3x 1) 5x 4 B C + So, ( x + 2)(3 x 1) ( x + 2) (3 x 1)
B1
5 x 4 B(3x 1) + C ( x + 2)
Either x : 5 = 3B + C , constant: 4 = B + 2C or x = 2 10 4 = 7 B 14 = 7 B B = 2
1 5 7 7 7 x = 4 = C = C C = 1 3 3 3 3 3
Forming a correct identity. B1 Attempts to find the value of either one of their B or their C M1 from their identity. Correct values for their B and their C, which are found using A1 5 x 4 B (3 x 1) + C ( x + 2)
So,
9 x 2 + 20 x 10 2 1 3 + ( x + 2)(3x 1) ( x + 2) (3x 1)
[4]
4
1st B1: Their constant term must be equal to 3 for this mark. 2nd B1 (M1 on epen): Forming a correct identity. This can be implied by later working. M1 (A1 on epen): Attempts to find the value of either one of their B or their C from their identity. This can be achieved by either substituting values into their identity or comparing coefficients and solving the resulting equations simultaneously. A1: Correct values for their B and their C, which are found using a correct identity. 9 x 2 + 20 x 10 A B Note : + , leading to 9 x 2 + 20 x 10 A(3 x 1) + B ( x + 2) , leading to ( x + 2)(3x 1) ( x + 2) (3x 1) A = 2 and B = 1 will gain a maximum of B0B0M1A0
3. ctd
or
So,
14 B C + ( x + 2)(3x 1) ( x + 2) (3x 1)
14 B(3x 1) + C ( x + 2)
B = 2, C = 6 So, and 9 x 2 + 20 x 10 5 2 6 3+ + ( x + 2)(3 x 1) (3x 1) ( x + 2) (3 x 1) 9 x 2 + 20 x 10 2 1 3 + ( x + 2)(3x 1) ( x + 2) (3x 1)
B1: Forming a correct identity. M1: Attempts to find either one of their B or their C from their identity.
3+ So,
5 3
( x + 2)
7 3
( x + 2)(3x 1)
7 B C 3 + ( x + 2)(3x 1) ( x + 2) (3x 1)
7 3 B (3 x 1) + C ( x + 2)
1 M1: Attempts to find either one of their B or their C B = , C = 1 from their identity. 3 2 5 1 9 x + 20 x 10 1 3 3 So, 3+ + ( x + 2)(3 x 1) ( x + 2) ( x + 2) (3 x 1)
and
9 x 2 + 20 x 10 2 1 3 + ( x + 2)(3x 1) ( x + 2) (3x 1)
Scheme 1.0981
1 Area 1 ; 0.5 + 2 ( 0.8284 + their 1.0981) + 1.3333 2 1 = 5.6863 = 2.84315 = 2.843 (3 dp) 2
Marks B1 cao
[1]
B1; M1 2.843 or awrt 2.843 A1
[3]
(c) u 1 = x {u = 1 + x} d dx 2 x dx = 1+ x
= 2
1 2
or
dx = 2(u 1) du
B1
(u 1) 2 . 2(u 1) du u
(u 1) du = {2} u
3
= {2}
1 2 u 3u + 3 du u 3 2 u 3u = {2} + 3u ln u 2 3
2u 3 Area( R ) = 3u 2 + 6u 2ln u 3 2
3
(u 3u + 3u 1) du u
3 2
(u 1) 2 . 2(u 1) A1 u Expands to give a four term cubic in u. M1 Eg: Au 3 Bu 2 Cu D An attempt to divide at least three terms in M1 their cubic by u. See notes.
(u 1) 2 ...... u
M1
u 3 3u 2 (u 1)3 + 3u ln u u 2 3
A1
Applies limits of 3 and 2 in u or 4 and 1 in x and M1 subtracts either way round. Correct exact answer A1 or equivalent.
[8] 12
(a) (b)
B1: 1.0981 correct answer only. Look for this on the table or in the candidates working. 1 1 B1: Outside brackets 1 or 2 2 M1: For structure of trapezium rule [ ............. ] A1: anything that rounds to 2.843 Note: Working must be seen to demonstrate the use of the trapezium rule. Note: actual area is 2.85573645 1 (0.5 + 1.3333) + ( 0.8284 + their 1.0981) = 2.84315 Note: Award B1M1 A1 for 2 Bracketing mistake: Unless the final answer implies that the calculation has been done correctly 1 Award B1M0A0 for 1 + 0.5 + 2 ( 0.8284 + their 1.0981) + 1.3333 (nb: answer of 6.1863). 2 1 Award B1M0A0 for 1 (0.5 + 1.3333) + 2 ( 0.8284 + their 1.0981) (nb: answer of 4.76965). 2
4. (b) ctd
B1:
1st M1:
x
1+
becoming
(u 1) 2 (u 1) 2 2 . 2(u 1) {du} or . {du} . u (u 1) 1 u 1+ x You can ignore the integral sign and the du .
2nd M1: Expands to give a four term cubic in u, Au 3 Bu 2 Cu D where A 0, B 0, C 0 and D 0 The cubic does not need to be simplified for this mark. rd 3 M1: An attempt to divide at least three terms in their cubic by u. (u 3 3u 2 + 3u 1) 1 u 2 3u + 3 Ie. u u 3 3 2 u (u 1) 3u 2nd A1: du + 3u ln u u 2 3
4 M1: Some evidence of limits of 3 and 2 in u and subtracting either way round. 3rd A1: Exact answer of
11 11 11 2 9 11 + 2ln 2 2ln 3 or + 2ln or ln or 2 + ln 2 ln 3 3 3 3 3 4 6 11 22 2 22 2 or or 3 or + 2ln , etc . Note: that fractions must be combined to give either 3 6 3 6 3
th
{2}
=
(u 1) 2 (u 2 2u + 1) . (u 1) du = {2} . (u 1) du u u
1 u 2 + . (u 1) du = u
2
u 2 ...) du
An attempt to expand (u 1) 2 , then divide the result by u and then go on to multiply by (u 1) . to give three out of four of D Au 2 , Bu , C or u
2nd M1
3rd M1
4. (c) ctd
x
+ 6 1+
3 1+
x 2ln 1 +
x 1
Alternative method for the final 5 marks in part (b) d"u " "u " = u 1 = u 2 3 (u 1) dx du , u (u 1) 4 dv = (u 1)3 v= 4 dx 4 4 (u 1) 1 (u 1) = du 4u 4 u2 (u 1) 4 1 u 4 4u 3 + 6u 2 4u + 1 = + du u2 4u 4 (u 1) 4 1 4 1 = + u 2 4u + 6 + 2 du 4u 4 u u
(u 1) 4 1 u3 1 + 2u 2 + 6u 4ln u 4u 4 3 u
3
M1: Applies integration by parts and expands to give a five term quartic. M1: Dividing at least 4 terms. A1: Correct Integration.
3
(u 1) 4 (u 1)3 u 3 u 2 3u 1 du = + + ln u 12 2 2 4u 2 u 4u
M1
27 9 9 1 1 8 4 6 1 16 = + + ln 3 + + ln 2 12 2 2 12 8 12 2 2 8 12 5 = ( 7 ln 3) ln 2 3 11 2 = + ln 6 3 3 (u 1)3 2 11 Area( R ) = 2 du = 2 + ln A1 u 3 2 6
Question Number 5.
Scheme
Working parametrically: 1 x = 1 t , y = 2t 1 or y = et ln 2 1 2 1 { x = 0 } 0 = 1 t t = 2 2 When t = 2 , y = 22 1 = 3
Marks
(a)
Applies x = 0 to obtain a value for t. M1 Correct value for y. A1 Applies y = 0 to obtain a value for t. M1 (Must be seen in part (b)).
[2]
(b)
{y = 0
} 0 = 2t 1 t = 0
1 (0) = 1 2
When t = 0 , x = 1
x =1
A1
[2]
(c)
dy dx 1 dy = and either = 2t ln 2 or = et ln 2 ln 2 dt 2 dt dt dy 2t ln 2 dy dx = divided by their Attempts their . 1 dx dt dt 2 1 1 Applies t = "2" and m(N) = At A, t = "2", so m(T) = 8ln 2 m(N) = m ( T) 8ln 2 1 1 y 3= ( x 0) or y = 3 + x or equivalent. See notes. 8ln 2 8ln 2
Area( R ) =
B1
M1
M1 M1 A1 oe cso [5]
(d)
x = 1 t = 4 and x = 1 t = 0
( 2 1). 2 dt
t
B1 Either 2t 2 ln 2 M1*
t
1 2 = t 2 ln 2
t
or ( 2t 1) or
(2
1) (ln 2)(2t ) t
(2t ) t (ln 2)
0 1 2t 1 1 16 t 4 = 2 ln 2 2 ln 2 ln 2 4 15 = 2 2ln 2
2t t A1 ln 2 Depends on the previous method mark. Substitutes their changed limits in t and dM1* subtracts either way round. 15 2 or equivalent. A1 2ln 2
(2
1)
[6] 15
5. (a)
M1: Applies x = 0 and obtains a value of t. A1: For y = 22 1 = 3 or y = 4 1 = 3 Alternative Solution 1: M1: For substituting t = 2 into either x or y. 1 A1: x = 1 (2) = 0 and y = 22 1 = 3 2 Alternative Solution 2: M1: Applies y = 3 and obtains a value of t. 1 A1: For x = 1 (2) = 0 or x = 1 1 = 0 . 2 Alternative Solution 3: M1: Applies y = 3 or x = 0 and obtains a value of t. A1: Shows that t = 2 for both y = 3 and x = 0 . M1: Applies y = 0 and obtains a value of t. Working must be seen in part (b). A1: For finding x = 1. Note: Award M1A1 for x = 1. dx dy B1: Both and correct. This mark can be implied by later working. dt dt dy dx dy 1 dy M1: Their divided by their or their must be a function of t. . Note: their dt dt dt dt dx their dt 1 M1: Uses their value of t found in part (a) and applies m( N) = . m ( T) M1: y 3 = (their normal gradient) x or y = (their normal gradient) x + 3 or equivalent.
1 1 1 ( x 0) or y = 3 + x or y 3 = ( x 0) or ( 8ln 2 ) y 24ln 2 = x 8ln 2 8ln 2 ln 256 y3 1 or = . You can apply isw here. ( x 0) 8ln 2 Working in decimals is ok for the three method marks. B1, A1 require exact values. dx M1: Complete substitution for both y and dx . So candidate should write down ( 2t 1) . their dt B1: Changes limits from x t. x = 1 t = 4 and x = 1 t = 0 . Note t = 4 and t = 0 seen is B1.
(b)
(c)
A1:
y3=
(d)
2t ln 2 (2t ) t (ln 2) or
(ln 2)(2t ) t .
2t t. ln 2
dM1*: Depends upon the previous method mark. Substitutes their limits in t and subtracts either way round. 7.5 15 15 15 15 4ln 2 A1: Exact answer of 2 or or 2 or 2 or log 2 e 2 or equivalent. 2ln 2 ln 4 2ln 2 ln 2 2
Scheme
Alternative: Converting to a Cartesian equation:
t = 2 2x y = 2 2 2 x 1
Marks
{x = 0
y=3
} y = 22 1
(b)
{y = 0
x =1
} 0 = 222 x 1 0 = 2 2 x x = ...
(c)
dy = 2 ( 222 x ) ln 2 dx
M1
1 8ln 2
1 m ( T)
M1
or y = 3 +
1 x or 8ln 2
equivalent. (d)
Area( R ) = =
(2
1
1
2 2 x
1) dx 1) dx
(2
2 2 x
Form the integral of their Cartesian M1 equation of C. For 222 x 1 with limits of x = 1 and 1 B1 x = 1 . Ie. ( 222 x 1)
Either 22 2 x
2 = x 2ln 2
2 2 x
22 2 x 2ln 2
or
(2
2 2 x
1)
or ( 22 2 x 1) (ln 2)(22 2 x ) x
22 2 x x (ln 2) 2 2 2 x x 2ln 2
M1*
( 222 x 1)
1 2 2 2 x 1 16 x = 1 + 1 2ln 2 2ln 2 1 2ln 2
A1
Depends on the previous method mark. Substitutes limits of -1 and their xB dM1* and subtracts either way round.
15 2 or equivalent. A1 2ln 2
15 2 2ln 2
[6] 15
(d)
Area( R) =
(2
2 2 x
1) {dx}
1 2
Scheme
Alternative method: For substitution u = 2t
Area( R ) =
Marks
( 2 1). 2 dt
t
where u = 2t
du du = 2t ln 2 = u ln 2 dt dt
x = 1 t = 4 u = 16 and x = 1 t = 0 u = 1
So area( R ) =
u 1 du u ln 2 1 1 1 du = 2 ln 2 u ln 2 1 2
Both correct limits in t or B1 both correct limits in u. If not awarded above, you can award M1 for this integral
ln u 1 u = 2 ln 2 ln 2
Either 2t
M1*
A1
1 ln u 1 u 2 ln 2 ln 2 16
1 1 16 ln16 = 2 ln 2 ln 2 ln 2
15 ln16 15 or 2 2ln 2 2ln 2 2ln 2
Depends on the previous method mark. dM1* Substitutes their changed limits in u and subtracts either way round.
15 ln16 15 2 or 2ln 2 2ln 2 2ln 2
A1
[6]
or equivalent.
Scheme
Marks
1 2cos x = 0 , seen or implied. M1
{ y = 0 } 1 2cos x = 0
5 x= , 3 3
5 3 3
[3]
(b)
2
V =
(1 2cos x) 2 dx
2
B1
cos 2 x = 2cos 2 x 1
See notes.
M1
Attempts y 2 to give any two of A Ax , B cos x B sin x or M1 2sin 2 x = 3 x 4sin x + cos 2 x sin 2 x . 2 Correct integration. A1 10 2 Applying limits 2sin ( 3 ) 2sin ( 3 ) V = { } 3 ( 53 4sin ( 53 + 3 ( 3 ) 4sin ( + ) ) ) 3 the correct way 2 2 ddM1 round. Ignore .
3 3 = + + 5 2 3 2 3 2 2 = ( (18.3060...) ( 0.5435...) ) = 17.7625 = 55.80
= 4 + 3 3
or 4 2 + 3 3
6. (a)
M1: 1 2cos x = 0 .
or
(b)
B1: (M1 on epen) For (1 2cos x)2 . Ignore limits and dx . 1 M1: Any correct form of cos 2 x = 2cos 2 x 1 used or written down in the same variable.
st
1 + cos 2 x or 4cos 2 x 2 + 2cos 2 x or cos 2 A = 2cos 2 A 1 . 2 2nd M1: Attempts y 2 to give any two of A Ax , B cos x B sin x or cos 2 x sin 2 x . Do not worry about the signs when integrating cos x or cos 2 x for this mark.
Note:
1st A1:
2sin 2 x 2sin 2 x or x 4sin x + + 2 x oe. 2 2 3rd ddM1: Depends on both of the two previous method marks. (Ignore ). 5 Some evidence of substituting their x = and their x = and subtracting the correct 3 3
way round. You will need to use your calculator to check for correct substitution of their limits into their integrand if a candidate does not explicitly give some evidence. Note: For correct integral and limits decimals gives: ( (18.3060...) ( 0.5435...) ) = 17.7625 = 55.80
2nd A1: Two term exact answer of either 4 + 3 3 or 4 2 + 3 3 or equivalent. Note: The in the volume formula is only required for the B1 mark and the final A1 mark. Note: Decimal answer of 58.802... without correct exact answer is A0. Note: Applying (1 2cos x ) dx will usually be given no marks in this part.
Questio n Number
7. (a)
Scheme
i: 9 + = 2 + 2 j : 13 + 4 = 1 + k : 3 2 = 1 + (1) (2) (3)
Marks Any two equations. M1 (Allow one slip). An attempt to eliminate dM1 one of the parameters. Either = 3 or = 2 A1 See notes ddM1 A1
[5]
(b)
1 2 1 2 d1 = 4 , d 2 = 1 4 1 2 1 2 1
Realisation that the dot product is required between Ad1 and M1 Bd 2 . Correct equation. A1 awrt 69.1 A1
[3]
2 + 42 cos = (1) 2 + (4) 2 + ( 2) 2 . (2) 2 + (1) 2 + (1) 2 4 cos = = 69.1238974... = 69.1 (1 dp) 21. 6 9 1 9 + 4 uuu r uuu r OA = 16 , OP = 13 + 4 = 13 + 4 3 2 3 2 3 9+ 4 +5 uuu r AP = 13 + 4 16 = 4 3 3 2 3 2 + 5 1 uuu r AP d1 = 0 4 3 4 = + 5 + 16 12 + 4 = 0 2 2
(c)
M1 A1
dM1
=
1 3
leading to {21 7 = 0 } =
1 3
A1
ddM1 A1
[6] 14
7. (a)
M1: Writes down any two equations. Allow one slip. dM1: Attempts to eliminate either or to form an equation in one parameter only. A1: For either = 3 or = 2 . Note: candidates only need to find one of the parameters. ddM1: For either substituting their value of into l1 or their into l2 . 2
nd
or 6i + j + 3k or ( 6 1 3) .
(b)
Note: Each of the method marks in this part are dependent upon the previous method marks. M1: Realisation that the dot product is required between Ad1 and Bd 2 . Allow one slip in
d1 = i + 4 j 2k.
1 2 A1: Correct application of the dot product formula d1 d 2 = d1 d 2 cos or cos = d d 1 2 The dot product must be correctly applied and the square roots although they can be un-simplified must be correctly applied. A1: awrt 69.1 . This can be also be achieved by 180 110.876 = awrt 69.1 . = 1.2064...c is A0.
d d
is M1A1...
Alternative Method: Vector Cross Product Only apply this scheme if it is clear that a candidate is applying a vector cross product method. i j k 1 2 M1: Realisation that the vector cross product is required between Ad1 and d1 d 2 = 4 1 = 1 4 2 = 6i 5 j 7k 2 1 Bd 2 . Allow one slip in d1 = i + 4 j 2k. 1 2 1
sin = sin = (6) 2 + (5) 2 + ( 7) 2 (1) 2 + (4) 2 + ( 2) 2 . (2) 2 + (1) 2 + (1) 2
(c)
uuu r uuu r M1: Attempts to find AP in terms of the parameter by subtracting the components of OP from l1 and uuu r uuu r uuu r uuu r OA . Ignore the direction of subtraction and ignore any confusion between OP and PO or between OA uuur and AO . The correct subtraction of two components is enough to establish that subtraction is intended. The coordinates or position vector of P must be given in terms of a parameter. Taking P : ( x, y, z ) gains
no marks although this can be recovered later. uuu rSee Additional Solutions. A1: (M1 on epen) A correct expression for AP . Again accept the reverse direction. uuu r dM1: Depends on the previous M. Taking the scalar product of their expression for AP with d1 or a multiple of d1 and equating to 0 and obtaining an equation for . The equation must derive from an expression of the form x1 x2 + y1 y2 + z1 z2 = 0 . Differentiation can be used. See Additional Solutions. A1: Solving to find = 1 3 . ddM1: Depends on both previous Ms. Substitutes their value of the parameter into their expression for uuu r uuu r OP . Substituting into AP is a common error which loses the mark. Note: Needs 2 correct co-ordinates if = 1 3 found and then P stated without method to gain ddM1.
1 3
1 3
2 3
7. (c)
Additional Solution 1: x uuu r Taking OP = y , in itself, can gain no marks but this may be converted to a parameter at a later z stage in the solution and, at that stage, any relevant marks can be awarded. x 4 x4 uuu r For example, AP = y 16 = y 16 z 3 z + 3 x 4 1 leading to: No marks gained at this stage. y 16 4 = x 4 + 4 y 64 2 z 6 = 0 z + 3 2
9 1 9 + uuu r Using, OP = 13 + 4 = 13 + 4 3 2 3 2
on x + 4 y 2 z = 74 At this stage award M1A1 and dM1 (which is implied by an equation) A1: Solving to find = .
1 3
1 3
Position vector
1 28 93 3 9 1 uuu r 1 43 1 or OP = 13 + 4 = 14 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 11 3 3
ddM1 A1
AP 2 = ( + 5) 2 + (4 3) 2 + (2 ) 2 = {21 2 14 + 34}
leading to =
1 3
Question Number
8. (a)
Scheme
(3 ) 125 1 1 d d = dt or = d = 3 125 125 3 dt 1 1 ln ( 3) = t {+ c} or ln ( 3 ) = t {+ c} 125 125 1 t +c ln ( 3) = 125
Marks
dt
B1 See notes. M1 A1
3 = e 125 or e 0.008 t = Ae +3 *
t +c
1 t 125 c
A1
[4]
(b)
{t = 0 , = 16 }
10 = 13e0.008t + 3
16 = Ae 0.008(0) + 3 ; A = 13
e 0.008t =
7 13
7 0.008t = ln 13
= 77.3799... = 77 ( nearest minute )
See notes. M1; A1 Substitutes = 10 into an equation of the form = Ae0.008t + 3, M1 or equivalent. See notes. Correct algebra to 0.008t = ln k , where k is a positive value. See M1 notes.
7 ln 13 t = 0.008 ( )
awrt 77 A1
[5] 9
8. (a)
B1: (M1 on epen) Separates variables as shown. d and dt should be in the correct positions, though this mark can be implied by later working. Ignore the integral signs. M1: Both ln ( 3 ) or ln ( 3) and t where and are constants. A1: For ln ( 3) =
1 t 125
or ln ( 3 ) =
Note: + c is not needed for this mark. A1: Correct completion to = Ae 0.008t + 3 . Note: + c is needed for this mark. Note: ln ( 3) =
t t 1 t + c leading to 3 = e 125 + ec or 3 = e 125 + A , would be final 125 1 1
A0.
Note: From ln ( 3) =
3 = e
1 t +c 125
or 3 = e 125 ec = Ae 0.008t + 3 is required for A1. 1 1 t + c , then ln ( 3 ) = t +c Note: From ln ( 3 ) = 125 125 3 = e
1 t +c 125
or 3 = e
1 t 125 c
1 t 125
to = Ae 0.008t + 3 is fine.
Note:
ln ( 3) =
acceptable.
8. (b) M1: (B1 on epen) Substitutes = 16, t = 0 , into either their equation containing an unknown constant or the printed equation. Note: You can imply this method mark. A1: (M1 on epen) A = 13 . Note: = 13e0.008t + 3 without any working implies the first two marks, M1A1. M1: Substitutes = 10 into an equation of the form = Ae0.008t + 3, or equivalent. where A is a positive or negative numerical value and A can be equal to 1 or -1. M1: Uses correct algebra to rearrange their equation into the form 0.008t = ln k , where k is a positive numerical value. A1: awrt 77 or awrt 1 hour 17 minutes. Alternative Method 1 for part (b)
1 d = 3
{t = 0 ,
= 16 }
into ln ( 3) =
A1: c = ln13
1 t + ln13 125
1 t +c 125
ln ( 3) =
1 t ln13 125
or ln ( 3) =
ln (10 3) =
1 t ln13 125
form ln ( 3) =
ln13 ln 7 =
1 t 125
where , are numerical values. M1: Uses correct algebra to rearrange their equation into the form 0.008t = ln C ln D , where C, D are positive numerical values. A1: awrt 77.
1 t +c 125
1 d = 3
1 dt 125
ln 3 =
into ln ( 3 ) =
A1: c = ln13
1 t + ln13 125
1 t +c 125
or ln 3 =
ln ( 3 10 ) =
form ln ( 3 ) =
ln13 ln 7 =
1 t 125
where , are numerical values. M1: Uses correct algebra to rearrange their equation into the form 0.008t = ln C ln D ,
8. (b)
10
16
1 d = 3
1 dt 125 0
t
10 1 = ln 3 16 = 125 t 0
ln 7 ln13 =
1 t 125
M1A1: ln13 M1: Substitutes limit of = 10 correctly. M1: Uses correct algebra to rearrange their own equation into the form 0.008t = ln C ln D , where C, D are positive numerical values. A1: awrt 77.
{ {
= 16 } = 10 }
16 = Ae
0.008 t
+3
M1*: Writes down a pair of equations in A and t , for = 16 and = 10 with either A unknown or A being a positive or negative value. A1: Two equations with an unknown A. M1: Uses correct algebra to solve both of their equations leading to answers of the form 0.008t = ln k , where k is a positive numerical value.
10 = Ae 0.008t + 3
13 0.008t = ln or A
7 0.008t = ln A
t(1)
13 ln A = 0.008
and
t(2)
7 ln A = 0.008
t = t(1) t(2)
M1: Finds difference between the two times. (either way round).
7 ln 13 t = ( 0.008)