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ECE 3600: 3-Phase Power Basics

Three phase power uses three lines to transmit power in a balanced way where the ground return current is zero. It provides a constant power output unlike single phase power which pulses at 120 Hz. There are two main connection types for three phase power: wye and delta. In a wye connection, each load is connected between a line and ground while in a delta connection each load is connected between two lines. Proper phase sequencing is also important for three phase power.

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Aitzaz Hussain
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84 views2 pages

ECE 3600: 3-Phase Power Basics

Three phase power uses three lines to transmit power in a balanced way where the ground return current is zero. It provides a constant power output unlike single phase power which pulses at 120 Hz. There are two main connection types for three phase power: wye and delta. In a wye connection, each load is connected between a line and ground while in a delta connection each load is connected between two lines. Proper phase sequencing is also important for three phase power.

Uploaded by

Aitzaz Hussain
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

ECE 3600

Basics Single phase power pulses at 120 Hz. This is not good for motors or generators over about 5 hp. Three phase power is constant as long as the three loads are balanced.

3-Phase Power notes

Three lines are needed to transmit 3-phase power. If loads are balanced, ground return current will be zero. The 3 lines coming into your house are NOT 3-phase. They are +120 V, Gnd, -120 V (The two 120s are 180o out-of-phase, allowing for 240 V connections) 3-phase outlets have 4 connections Ground, G, green Wye connection: Connect each load or generator phase between a line and ground. Delta connection: Connect each load or generator phase between two lines.

Wye V LN = V LL 3 Apparent Power: Power: Reactive power: Phase sequences: IL = 3 . I LL

Delta V LL = = 3 . V LL. I L = S 3
2

(-connection)

3 . V LN

I LL =

IL 3

S 3 = 3 . V LN. I L = 3 . V LL. I LL P 3 = 3 . V LN. I L. pf

= 3 . V LL. I LL. pf etc... =

3 . V LL. I L. pf P 3
2

= S 3 . pf

pf = cos( )

Q 3 = 3 . V LN. I L. sin( ) Vc Va

Vb acb, "negative" or "reverse" sequence Vc 277. V 480 3 277. V Va

abc, "positive" sequence Vb Common usage:

ECE 3600

V L = V LL "line voltage" = line-to-line voltage 120. V 120. V An unspecified voltage or a 208 3 "line" voltage can be assumed to be line-to-line, 120. V

3-Phase Power notes p1

277. V

ECE 3600 Cautions about "L" subscripts: I L is always the line current, same as would flow in a Y-connected device.
V L is always the line-to-line voltage, same as across a -connected device.

3-Phase Power notes p2

When a single phase is taken from a 3-phase panel, then the line voltage (V L) of that single phase is the line-to-neutral voltage of the 3-phase input to that panel, so the value of V L changes in the panel (isn't that nice?). Z L could be the load impedance, either Y-connected or -connected, or it could be the line impedance-the impedance in the line itself, between the source and the load. Cautions about "" or "ph" subscripts: In our book: V = the voltage across a single phase of a source or load and depends on the connection of that load, V LN for Y-connected devices and V LL for -connected devices. I In some books: Also depends on connection. I ph = current in a Y-connection A V AB= V LL / 30 B V bn = VLN /-120 c V cn = VLN /-240 = VLN / 120 n
lower-case letters at source end

V ph = V LN I a = IL /

a V an = VLN /0 b

I b= IL /

-120

I c = IL / -240o = IL / +120

V CA= VLL /-210 = VLL / 150

V BA= V LL /-90 C

neutral (ground at some point) IA IA

N
upper-case letters at load end

V AB B

IB

V AN IB

V AB IAB IBC B IC V BN C V CN V BC ICA

V CA

V BN N V BC C

0, if balanced load

IC N V AN = V BN = V CN = V LN = IA = IB = IC = IL = V LL 3 3 . I LL I AB

neutral is not connected at the load

V AB = V BC = V CA = V LL = = I BC = I CA = I LL =

3 . V LN IL 3

To get equivalent line currents with equivalent voltages Z Z = 3. Z y ZY = 3

ECE 3600

3-Phase Power notes p2

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