Performance of a wine trap device

to monitor Lobesia botrana adult population

in Murcia vineyards
Bruno Bagnoli
1
, Alfonso L. Espadas
2
, Jos Serrano Palao
2
, Blanca M. Garcia Perez
2
,
Maria Pastor Juan
2
, Arancha Puche Cascales
3
, Maria Ortega
3
,
Paolo Sambado
3
and Andrea Lucchi
4
1
Research Council for Agriculture, Agrobiology and Pedology Research Centre, Florence, Italy
2
Consejeria de Agricultura y Agua, Servicio de Sanidad Vegetal, Murcia, Spain
3
CBC Iberia, Barcelona
4
University of Pisa, Dept. CDSL, Sect. Agricultural Entomology, Pisa, Italy
IOBC/WPRS Working Group
" Integrated Protection and Production in Viticulture
2-5 October 2011 - Lacanau, France
Food traps (i.e. fermented sugar baits) are well known as
attractants for many insect species.
Early in the twentieth century they were used for
monitoring and detection of economically important
lepidopteran pests.
With the discovery of the first sex pheromone in 1959 and
the further identification of the sex pheromones of over
2500 lepidopteranspecies, the use as well as the research
in the area of the food traps have significantly declined.
IOBC/wprs Meeting Integrated protection and production in Viticulture, Lacanau, 2-5 October 2011
FOOD TRAPS
A considerable importance in
the monitoring of Lobesia
botrana (early decades of the
last Century).
The bait for these traps:
juices of various kinds such as
vinegar, sugar, molasses, fruit
juices, cider, beer .
Thiery & Delbac, 2011
IOBC/wprs Meeting Integrated protection and production in Viticulture, Lacanau, 2-5 October 2011
Trapping females with this kindof traps WAS
and IS considered a valuable tool to predict
the onset of oviposition, essential to properly
time pesticide treatments.
While nearly all moth sex pheromones are
species specific and attract only males, food
traps are generic and attract both males and
females as well as nontarget insects.
IOBC/wprs Meeting Integrated protection and production in Viticulture, Lacanau, 2-5 October 2011
In the Ninety Seventies,
pheromones for
monitoring were not
available yet and the
problem to solve was to
predict the onset of
oviposition, essential to
properly time pesticide
treatments in vineyards
for the production of table
grapes.
IOBC/wprs Meeting Integrated protection and production in Viticulture, Lacanau, 2-5 October 2011
In Murcia the use of
these traps started
many years ago.
Firstly thetraps werebaitedwithjuice of pear, more
or lessconcentrated.
Trapsworkedverywell andcapturedLobesia botrana
adultsbut. showedsomeweakpoints:
trapmainteinance(timeconsuming)
handlingof insects(not easy)
development of moulds on thejuicesurface(very
frequent)
IOBC/wprs Meeting Integrated protection and production in Viticulture, Lacanau, 2-5 October 2011
For all these reasons it was
decided to turn towards the
WINE TRAPS, still effective
and easier to use.
But in few years, also in
Murcia, with the adoption of
the pheromone traps, more
comfortable and easy to
handle, the wine traps were not
used anymore.
IOBC/wprs Meeting Integrated protection and production in Viticulture, Lacanau, 2-5 October 2011
Later on, with the application of MD on table grapes
and the increase of the covered area from year to
year, there was the need to adopt a DEVICE that would
allow monitoring of flights and pesticide timing in an
environment in which, as is known, the pheromone
traps do not usually capture adults of the target species.
IOBC/wprs Meeting Integrated protection and production in Viticulture, Lacanau, 2-5 October 2011
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
H
e
c
t
a
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e
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Development of mating disruption in Murcia (Spain)
Table grape Wine grape
IOBC/wprs Meeting Integrated protection and production in Viticulture, Lacanau, 2-5 October 2011
The device
A conical terra-cotta flower
pot (upper diameter 15 cm;
height 20 cm) surmounted
by a circular disc positioned
10 cm over the rim.
Filled to the brim with a
water-alcoholic solution
consisting of red wine
(variety Monastrell), fixed
to a pole just above the level
of the clusters.
IOBC/wprs Meeting Integrated protection and production in Viticulture, Lacanau, 2-5 October 2011
Traps were checked every 3-4 days for adults counting and pot refilling.
IOBC/wprs Meeting Integrated protection and production in Viticulture, Lacanau, 2-5 October 2011
Capture figures of the last three years district of Murcia
(Spain) are the object of this presentation.
From 2008 to 2010 the monitoring activity have been
carried out in vineyards of the red variety Monastrell
in Yecla (Murcia) from April to October.
In such a context the captures obtained in wine traps
have been compared with the captures obtained in
pheromone traps, both in mating disrupted and in
not-mating disrupted vineyards.
In 2008 and 2009 adults were not separated by
gender, in 2010 they were
IOBC/wprs Meeting Integrated protection and production in Viticulture, Lacanau, 2-5 October 2011
Traps N. Area Plot Lb control
Wine based 2
Hoya del
Mollidar
Hoya del Mollidar, Pol. 68,
parc. 44L -21B
MD (Quant LB and
Puffers Suterra)
Pheromone
based
2
Hoya del
Mollidar
Castellanos, Pol. 69, parc. 27-25 conventional
Pheromone
based
2
Hoya del
Mollidar
Rincn, Pol. 69, parc. 39 P-N
conventional
Murcia 2008
Yecla Campo Abajo
IOBC/wprs Meeting Integrated protection and production in Viticulture, Lacanau, 2-5 October 2011
IOBC/wprs Meeting Integrated protection and production in Viticulture, Lacanau, 2-5 October 2011
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10
20
30
40
50
60
70
22/02 12/04 01/06 21/07 09/09 29/10 18/12
A
d
u
l
t
s

p
e
r

t
r
a
p

p
e
r

d
a
y
MURCIA 2008 - Yecla Campo Abajo
Wine traps in MD plot (Hoya del Mollidar)
Pheromone traps in conventional plot (Castellanos)
Pheromone traps in conventional plot (Rincon)
Traps N. Area Plot Lb control
Wine based 2
Hoya del
Mollidar
Hoya del Mollidar, Pol. 68, parc. 44-21
MD (Quant LB and
Puffers Suterra)
Pheromone
based
2
Hoya del
Mollidar
Raspay, Pol. 67, parc. 45 conventional
Pheromone
based
2
Hoya del
Mollidar
Casa Marta conventional
Pheromone
based
2
Hoya del
Mollidar
Castellanos, Pol. 69, parc. 25-27 conventional
Murcia 2009
Yecla Campo Abajo
IOBC/wprs Meeting Integrated protection and production in Viticulture, Lacanau, 2-5 October 2011
IOBC/wprs Meeting Integrated protection and production in Viticulture, Lacanau, 2-5 October 2011
0
5
10
15
20
25
06/02 28/03 17/05 06/07 25/08 14/10 03/12
A
d
u
l
t
s

p
e
r

t
r
a
p

p
e
r

d
a
y
MURCIA 2009 - Hoya del Mollidar
Wine traps in MD Basf and Puffer Suterra plots (Hoya del Mollidar)
Pheromone traps in conventional plot (Raspay)
Pheromone traps in conventional plot (Casa Marta)
Pheromone traps in conventional plot (Castellanos)
Murcia 2009
Yecla Campo Abajo
Traps N. Area Plot Lb control
Wine based 2 Balsa Balsa, Pol. 50, parc. 11A MD (Quant LB)
Pheromone
based
2 Ardal Ardal, Pol. 79, parc. 96-92 conventional
Pheromone
based
2 Ardal Casa Palao, Pol. 79, parc. 136-139 conventional
IOBC/wprs Meeting Integrated protection and production in Viticulture, Lacanau, 2-5 October 2011
IOBC/wprs Meeting Integrated protection and production in Viticulture, Lacanau, 2-5 October 2011
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10
20
30
40
50
60
70
06/02 28/03 17/05 06/07 25/08 14/10 03/12
A
d
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t
s

p
e
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t
r
a
p

p
e
r

d
a
y
MURCIA 2009 - Yecla Campo Abajo
Wine traps in MD Basf plot (Balsa)
Pheromone traps in conventional plot (Ardal)
Pheromone traps in conventional plot (Casa Palao)
Murcia 2009
Yecla Campo Arriba
Traps N. Area Plot Lb control
Wine based 2 Yecla Campo Arriba
Casa Santa A1 -
PozueloA2
MD (Isonet L)
Pheromone
based
2 Carrasquilla-Pozuelo Casa del Cerro conventional
Pheromone
based
2 Cuadrado Cuadrado conventional
IOBC/wprs Meeting Integrated protection and production in Viticulture, Lacanau, 2-5 October 2011
IOBC/wprs Meeting Integrated protection and production in Viticulture, Lacanau, 2-5 October 2011
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10
20
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50
60
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d
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p
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MURCIA 2009 - Yecla Campo Arriba
Wine traps in MD Isonet L plot (Casa Santa-Pozuelo)
Pheromone traps in conventional plot (Casa del Cerro)
Pheromone traps in conventional plot (Cuadrado)
In 2010, adults caught in wine traps have been properly sexed
and the females dissected to check the mating status.
IOBC/wprs Meeting Integrated protection and production in Viticulture, Lacanau, 2-5 October 2011
Male Female
IOBC/wprs Meeting Integrated protection and production in Viticulture, Lacanau, 2-5 October 2011
Virgin Mated
IOBC/wprs Meeting Integrated protection and production in Viticulture, Lacanau, 2-5 October 2011
Murcia 2010
Hoya del Mollidar
Traps N. Area Plot Lb control
Wine based 2 Hoya del Mollidar Hoya Mollidar, Pol. 70, parc. 39
MD (Exosect and
Puffers Suterra)
Pheromone
based
2 Hoya del Mollidar Raspay, Pol. 67, parc. 45 conventional
Pheromone
based
2 Hoya del Mollidar Rincn, Pol . 70, parc. 50 conventional
IOBC/wprs Meeting Integrated protection and production in Viticulture, Lacanau, 2-5 October 2011
IOBC/wprs Meeting Integrated protection and production in Viticulture, Lacanau, 2-5 October 2011
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35
40
45
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d
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t
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MURCIA 2010 - Yecla
Wine traps in MD Exosect and Puffer plots (Hoya Mollidar)
Pheromone traps in conventional plot (Raspay)
Pheromone traps in conventional (Rincn)
Murcia 2010
Yecla Campo Abajo
Traps N. Area Plot Lb control
Wine based 1 Yecla Campo Abajo Balsa, Pol. 50, parc .11A MD (Quant)
Pheromone
based
2 Yecla Campo Abajo Ardal Yecla, Pol. 79, parc. 96-92 conventional
Pheromone
based
2 Yecla Campo Abajo Casa Palao, Pol. 81, parc. 123 conventional
IOBC/wprs Meeting Integrated protection and production in Viticulture, Lacanau, 2-5 October 2011
IOBC/wprs Meeting Integrated protection and production in Viticulture, Lacanau, 2-5 October 2011
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MURCIA 2010 - Yecla Campo Abajo
Wine trap in MD Quant plot (Balsa)
Pheromone traps in conventional plot (Ardal)
Pheromone trap in conventional plot (Casa Palao)
Murcia 2010
Yecla Campo Arriba
Traps N. Area Plot Lb control
Wine based 2 Yecla Campo Arriba Molineta, Pol 200, parc 13 conventional
Pheromone
based
2 Yecla Campo Arriba Molineta, Pol 200, parc 13 conventional
IOBC/wprs Meeting Integrated protection and production in Viticulture, Lacanau, 2-5 October 2011
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MURCIA 2010 - Yecla Campo Arriba
Wine traps in conventional plot (Molineta)
Pheromone traps in coventional plot (Molineta)
Vineyard
T.M.
LB
control
Flight
Pher.
traps
Wine traps
Males Males
Females
Total
Female
ratio
Mating
ratio
virgin mated total
Molineta
J umilla
Pol. 200
Par. 13
Conv.
first 196 57
second 596 110 10 86 96 206 0.47 0.90
third 487 165 11 93 104 269 0.39 0.89
Total 1279 275 21 179 200 475 0.42 0.90
Pozuelo
Yecla
Pol. 7
Par. 38
MD
(Isonet)
first 1 2
second 0 21 17 6 23 44 0.52 0.26
third 0 28 14 7 21 49 0.43 0.33
Total 1 49 24 20 44 93 0.47 0.45
Casa Santa
Yecla
Pol. 96
Par. 38
MD
(Isonet)
first 3 33
second 3 11 13 2 15 26 0.58 0.13
third 0 10 2 2 4 14 0.29 0.50
Total 6 21 15 4 19 73 0.26 0.21
IOBC/wprs Meeting Integrated protection and production in Viticulture, Lacanau, 2-5 October 2011
Number of captured females in the MD plots in 2
nd
gen.: 12-41. Mating ratio: 17-29%.
Number of captured females in the control plots in 2
nd
gen.: 117-176. Mating ratio: 97-100%
Lobesia captures with wine traps in 2011
LB
Control
Plot Flight Males
Unmated
females
Mated
Females
Total
Female
ratio
Mating
ratio
Isonet L
1
1st 2 4 3 9 0.78 0.43
2nd 10 8 4 23 0.52 0.33
2
1st 0 3 1 4 1.00 0.25
2nd 9 10 2 21 0.57 0.17
3
1st 4 4 1 9 0.56 0.20
2nd 26 29 11 66 0.61 0.28
4
1st 2 4 1 7 0.71 0.20
2nd 14 17 7 38 0.63 0.29
5
1st 1 3 1 5 0.80 0.25
2nd 31 31 10 72 0.57 0.24
6
1st 0 3 2 5 1.00 0.40
2nd 18 23 6 47 0.62 0.21
Conven.
7
1st 4 0 2 6 0.33 1.00
2nd 82 4 113 199 0.59 0.97
8
1st 1 0 2 3 0.67 1.00
2nd 186 2 174 362 0.49 0.99
SUMMARY
As for the first flight captures in wine traps are very little in
comparison with captures in pheromone traps.
Captures in the wine traps started 2-3 weeks later.
The trend for second and third fligh is about the same for wine
and pheromone traps.
Wine traps have proven to be an excellent tool for mnitoring Lb
flights in MD vineyards.
IOBC/wprs Meeting Integrated protection and production in Viticulture, Lacanau, 2-5 October 2011
Identification of the volatiles compounds present in the
head space of the wine traps would represent an essential
step toward transformation of these wet wine baits into
more convenient dry baits that are easier to handle and
prepare.
Also, this might allow for the tranformation of these baits
from generalist to more specialist attractants, targeting
only specific insect pests and thus minimizing the catch
on nontarget species.
The future
IOBC/wprs Meeting Integrated protection and production in Viticulture, Lacanau, 2-5 October 2011
Thanks for your attention