Class exercise 2.

August 27th, 2009

1
Student’s Name: ____________________________________________ ID # __________
Complete the following table:

PHOTO
NAME Luis Echeverría Chavez
Presidential Period 1970-76
Born January 17, 1922

Early Life and He was born in Mexico City, he stuidied law in the UNAM where
Education he taught political theory.
Political party PRI

On 1946 he joined the PRI as the personal asistant of the party’s

leader. Then he was Comunications Deputty, He also was Chief
Administrative of the Marine office and Cheif Mayor of the
Education office. In 1958 he was named the second in charge at
the Goverment Deputty Office for 1964 he became the Chief
Political Career Goverment Deputty Office Secretary.

He had an open economic policy, he founded the Mexican

Institute for International Trade (IMCE for its spanish initials) He
also worked in the foundation of the SELA which stands for Latin
Economic Policy America Economic System.
Source (WWW) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Echeverr%C3%ADa
 Class exercise 2. August 27th, 2009

Student’s Name: ____________________________________________ ID # __________

Complete the following table:
Top 5 songs playing
at the time
Bridge Over Troubled Water - Simon and Garfunkel
Let It Be - The Beatles
Imagine - John Lennon
Hotel California - The Eagles
Sweet Home Alabama - Lynyrd Skynyrd Dancing
Queen - Abba

PHOTO
NAME José Lopez Portillo
Presidential Period 1976 to 1982
Born June 16, 1920, Mexico City

Attended the National Autonomous University of Mexico and

the University of Chile. He then practiced law and later was
Early Life and professor of law, political science, and public administration
Education at the National University of Mexico
Political party PRI

He held various administrative positions under Presidents

Gustavo Díaz Ordaz and Luis Echeverría before becoming
Political Career minister of finance in 1971.
 Class exercise 2. August 27th, 2009

Student’s Name: ____________________________________________ ID # __________

Complete the following table:

López Portillo mounted an ambitious program for the

exploitation of huge, newly discovered petroleum reserves in
Veracruz and Tabasco states by Petróleos Mexicanos
(Pemex), the state-owned Mexican oil agency. The program
resulted in rapid economic growth and a dramatic increase in
Mexico's oil exports, but much of the resulting wealth was
squandered on inefficient state-run enterprises or was
Economic Policy pocketed by government and labour union officials.
Source (WWW) http://www.biography.com/articles/José-López-Portillo-40285
Dancing Queen - Abba
Stayin' Alive - The Bee Gees
We Will Rock You/We Are the Champions - Queen
I Will Survive - Gloria Gaynor
We Are Family - Sister Sledge

Top 5 songs playing

at the time

PHOTO
NAME Miguel de La Madrid
Presidential Period 1982 to 1988
Born December 12, 1934, Colima

Received a degree in law from the Universidad Nacional

Autónoma de México (UNAM) in Mexico City in 1957 and a
Early Life and master's degree in public administration from Harvard
Education University in 1965.
Political party PRI
 Class exercise 2. August 27th, 2009

Student’s Name: ____________________________________________ ID # __________

Complete the following table:
He worked for the National Bank of Foreign Commerce and
the Bank of Mexico, and, until 1968, he taught law at the
UNAM.A member of Mexico's ruling party, Partido
Revolucionario Institucional (PRI), from 1963, de la Madrid
first entered government service in the Treasury (1965).
From 1970 to 1972 he worked for Petróleos Mexicanos, but
he returned to government service thereafter, taking a
number of economic bureaucratic posts until becoming
minister of planning and budget in President José López
Political Career Portillo's administration (1976–82).

He was the principal author of an economic-development

plan that was inspired by the revenues from vast new
discoveries of Mexican petroleum.A political conservative
Economic Policy and friend of the business community
Source (WWW) http://www.biography.com/articles/Miguel-de-la-Madrid-38639
Beat It - Michael Jackson
Like a Virgin - Madonna
Dancing In the Dark - Bruce Springsteen
The Power of Love - Huey Lewis & The News
Kiss - Prince
Top 5 songs playing
at the time
 Class exercise 2. August 27th, 2009

Student’s Name: ____________________________________________ ID # __________

Complete the following table:

PHOTO
NAME Carlos Salinas de Gortari
Presidential Period 1988-94
Born Mexico City, 3 Apr. 1948 -

After school in Mexico City Carlos studied economics at the

National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), from which
Early Life and he graduated in 1971. He then moved to Harvard University for
Education postgraduate work

Political party Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)

He worked under José López Portillo (President of the Republic

1976 – 82) and Miguel de la Madrid (President of the Republic
1982 – 8). When the latter was selected as the governing party's
candidate in 1981 he invited Salinas to help run his presidential
campaign as director of the PRI's "think tank", the Institute of
Political, Economic, and Social Studies (IEPES). He was rewarded
with the post of Minister of the Treasury for the whole of the de la
Madrid term, that is, until his own nomination by the PRI in 1987.
Political Career
Economic Policy Salinas promoted privatization of state industries and free trade
agreements, most notably NAFTA with the United States and
Canada. Many believe that his government lacked legitimacy
because he won the elections in suspicious circumstances involving
a complete shutdown of the computer systems that were
concentrating the results of the vote in 1988. During his presidency
Salinas opened a three-year dialogue with the Zapatista Army of
National Liberation armed indigenous revolutionary movement. He
offered a ceasefire after a few days of fighting in 1994.
Despite this handicap Salinas launched himself enthusiastically
into a campaign of radical economic reforms. He was fully
committed to the ideas of neo-liberal economics favoured by the
International Monetary Fund and began the process of restructuring
the Mexican economy. This involved efforts to reduce the size and
scope of the state in economic life and an encouragement of
 Class exercise 2. August 27th, 2009

Student’s Name: ____________________________________________ ID # __________

Complete the following table:

foreign investment and free trade. He began negotiating the North

American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in order to facilitate
commerce between Mexico and its northern neighbours, the USA
and Canada. He thus sought to reverse the Mexican government's
post-revolutionary commitment to nationalism, import substitution
industrialization, and state-sponsored social protectionism
http://www.answers.com/topic/carlos-salinas
Source (WWW) http://www.biographybase.com/biography/Salinas_Carlos.html
1. "Need You Tonight," INXS
2. "Look Away," Chicago
3. Hold On, Wilson Phillips
4. (Everything I Do) I Do It For You, Bryan Adams
Top 5 songs playing 5. End Of The Road, Boyz II Men
at the time
 Class exercise 2. August 27th, 2009

Student’s Name: ____________________________________________ ID # __________

Complete the following table:

PHOTO
NAME Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de Leon
Presidential Period President of Mexico (1994–2000)
Born  (1951–
Ernesto Zedillo was born on December 27, 1951 in Mexico City.
His parents were Rodolfo Zedillo Castillo, a mechanic, and Martha
Alicia Ponce de León. Seeking better job and education
opportunities for his children, his parents moved to Mexicali, Baja
California.
His humble origins made him appreciate the idea of progress and
self improvement, even though he was well aware of the few
opportunities he had for this. Zedillo was educated in public
schools in Mexicali where he was recognized as an excellent
student. During his adolescence, young Ernesto actively
participated in school events, such as alumni societies and head of
the school newspaper.
In 1965, at the age of 14, he returned to Mexico City. In 1969 he
entered the National Polytechnic Institute, financing his studies by
working in the National Army and Navy Bank (nowadays
Banjercito). He graduated as an Economist in 1972 and began
lecturing. It was among his first group of students where he met his
wife, Nilda Patricia Velasco with whom he has 5 children: Ernesto,
Emiliano, Carlos, Nilda Patricia and Rodrigo.
In 1974 he pursued his master's and Ph.D. studies at Yale
University. His doctoral thesis was titled: "Mexico's public external
Early Life and debt: recent history and future growth related to oil".
Education
Political party Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)
 Class exercise 2. August 27th, 2009

Student’s Name: ____________________________________________ ID # __________

Complete the following table:
Ernesto Zedillo is the Director of the Yale Center for the Study
of Globalization; Professor in the Field of International
Economics and Politics; Professor of International and Area
Studies; and Professor Adjunct of Forestry and Environmental
Studies at Yale University.
He earned his Bachelor's degree from the School of Economics
of the Natìonal Polytechnic Institute in Mexico and his M.A. and
Ph.D. at Yale University. He was a Professor at the Natìonal
Polytechnic Institute and El Colegio de Mexico. From 1978-87
he was with the Central Bank of Mexico; from 1987-88 he served
the National Government of Mexico as Undersecretary of
Budget; from 1988-1992 as Secretary of Economic Programming
and Budget Education; and was appointed Secretary of Education
in 1992. He served as President of Mexico from 1994-2000.
Since leaving office in 2000, Ernesto Zedillo has been a leading
voice on globalization, especially its impact on relations between
developed and developing nations.

Political Career
Economic Policy Zedillo was just the man to calm nervous investors and continue
Mexico's version of perestroika, launched in the mid-1980s. Not
only were his academic credentials impeccable, but he won praise
as research director of Mexico's highly regarded central bank and
as head of the FICORCA program that helped private Mexican
companies restructure their foreign debt. He also performed
brilliantly as Salinas' secretary of planning and budget (1988-
1992). In this sensitive position, he emerged as a major architect of
Mexico's economic liberalization. He helped convert a 20 percent
federal government deficit into a surplus - the equivalent of 4.5
Gramm-Rudman-Hollings agreements in the United States. Along
the way he deftly salved the bruised egos of losers in the budget
process, while sharply boosting outlays for the antipoverty
Solidarity initiative and other social ventures. Moreover, he played
a key role in crafting the anti-inflation plan that pivoted on a wage-
and price-control pact among government, unions, and the private
sector. This scheme slashed price increases from 159.2 percent in
1987, the year before Salinas took office, to 8 percent in 1993 -
with a further reduction anticipated in 1994.
After winning the presidential election in 1994, Zedillo began the
tough job that lay ahead. It was clear that Mexico's next president
needed to gradually marginalize dinosaur politicians, while
broadening access to the political process for elements of the
business community. Professionals, women, young people,
shantytown dwellers, and small farmers all saw the departing
regime as representing repression, rigged elections, and corruption.
At the same time, Zedillo worked to convince dirt-poor Chiapan
 Class exercise 2. August 27th, 2009

Student’s Name: ____________________________________________ ID # __________

Complete the following table:

peasants and other "have nots" that their country's foreign-educated

mandarins cared about their plight, as Salinas attempted to do
through Solidarity
http://www.ycsg.yale.edu/center/zedillo.html
http://www.answers.com/topic/ernesto-zedillo-ponce-de-le-n
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernesto_Zedillo

Source (WWW)
1. The Sign, Ace Of Base
2. I Swear, All-4-One
3. Gangsta's Paradise, Coolio
Top 5 songs playing 4. Candle In The Wind 1997, Elton John
at the time 5. Breathe, Faith Hill
 Class exercise 2. August 27th, 2009

Student’s Name: ____________________________________________ ID # __________

Complete the following table:

PHOTO
Vicente Fox Quesada
NAME
Presidential Period (2000- 2006)
Mexico City, Mexico. 2 July 1942
Born
Vicente Fox studied Business Administration at the Universidad
Iberoamericana.
He then studied a Top Management Diploma at the Harvard
Early Life and Business School in Boston, Massachusetts, in the United States.
Education
Political party National Action Party (PAN)
During the 1980's, Vicente began his political career by joining the
Partido Acción Nacional (PAN). He was greatly encouraged by
Manuel J. Clouthier, better known as Maquio, who invited Vicente
to work with him and, in this way, "make the aspiration of creating
a different and better Mexico for our children a reality".
Vicente’s political career has been a swift, upward climb. He has
been Federal Congressmen for the Third District of León and
Secretary of Agriculture in the opposition cabinet formed by
Maquio to give follow-up to government policies. From this time
on, Vicente also begun to write political articles in national and
state newspapers.
Furthermore, in 1991, he ran for Governor of the state of
Guanajuato; nonetheless, Carlos Medina Plascencia was named
Interim Governor in his place. In 1995, he participated in the
extraordinary election for the governorship. of Guanajuato, and
was elected by an overwhelming majority of two votes to one
(1995-1999).
Political Career
 Class exercise 2. August 27th, 2009

Student’s Name: ____________________________________________ ID # __________

Complete the following table:
As state Governor, Vicente Fox strove to promote economic
development by encouraging the private sector, foreign investment
and, above all the consolidation of small firms. Thus, in order to
open up new markets, he promoted the sale of goods manufactured
in Guanajuato overseas. He improved and broadened the state’s
economic infrastructure so as to attract domestic and foreign
investment, and also created a unique system in which micro-
credits with no overdue portfolio were granted. Under his
leadership, Guanajuato became the fifth most important Mexican
state economy and, in certain productive sectors, even surpassed
the national average.
Vicente Fox was one of the first state governors to give a clear,
public and timely account of the finances of Guanajuato state and
of his personal patrimony
Economic Policy
http://www.un.int/mexico/biography_fox.htm
http://www.musicoutfitters.com/topsongs/2005.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicente_Fox#Early_political_career
Source (WWW)
1. A Thousand Miles, Vanessa Carlton
2. Get The Party Started, Pink
3. Complicated, Avril Lavigne
Top 5 songs playing 4. We Belong Together, Mariah Carey
at the time 5. Since U Been Gone, Kelly Clarkson
 Class exercise 2. August 27th, 2009

Student’s Name: ____________________________________________ ID # __________

Complete the following table:

PHOTO
NAME
Presidential Period
Born

Early Life and

Education
Political party

Political Career

Economic Policy
Source (WWW)
Top 5 songs playing
at the time
 Class exercise 2. August 27th, 2009

Student’s Name: ____________________________________________ ID # __________

Complete the following table: