Adam Nieto H.W.

# 8 Define the following:

1/14/13 Jeziorski, Period 4

The Jungle- It was a novel written by Upton Sinclair, a muckraker. The book exposed
the Meat Factories in America and the corruption that was going on in them. In the book it talked about how the Meat Packing Factories were very unsanitary. Some meat had rat poison in it also rotten meat were cleaned with borax and sold back to consumers. The book exposed many other vial atrocities that were occurring in the meat factories.

Square Deal- A term used to describe various progressive reforms sponsored by the
Roosevelt administration.

Meat Inspection Act- An act which dictated strict cleanliness requirements for
meatpackers and created the program of federal meat inspection that was in use until it was replaced by more sophisticated techniques in the 1990s.

Pure Foods and Drug Act- An act that halted the sale of contaminated foods, and
medicines and called for the truth in labeling.

Conservation- A political, environmental and social movement that seeks to protect

natural resources and wildlife. Complete preservation of wilderness.

Clayton Antitrust Act- This act strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act and was
passed by Congress during Woodrow Wilsons presidency.

19th Amendment- The 19th Amendment gives Women the right to vote. Also, known
as Womens Suffrage, please note that Suffrage means the right to vote not to suffer!

Theodore Roosevelt
-Meat Inspection Act- This act
made sure that factories inspected all meat packing factories in the United States and had strict rules in which the meat would be processed. The factories need to be very clean. This act was made as a reaction to Upton Sinclairs book The Jungle. -He established many different reforms for the people. He called this the Square Deal. It was called the Square Deal because it made it square or a good, fair deal for the people. -Theodore Roosevelt also did a lot of trust-busting during his presidency. However Roosevelt did not feel all trusts were harmful but he took actions on trusts that hurt the public interest. So the president concentrated his suits under the Sherman Antitrust Act. -The president also established the Pure Food and Drug Act which made sure that drugs and food were safe and sanitary for public consumption. The act also made sure that the advertising on the drugs are food was all true and accurate. -Roosevelt also started conversation in the United States. He wanted America to preserve the land and wildlife and created the U.S. Forrest Service.

William Taft
-He was able to bust 90 trusts in a 4 year term. -He wanted to consolidate rather than to expand Roosevelts reforms. -The Payne-Aldrich Tariff was set on lowering tariffs this was a staple on the progressive agenda. This tariff made a compromise that only moderated the high rates of the Aldrich Bill. From this Taft had abandoned progressivism. He tried to defend the tariff by calling it the best [tariff] bill the Republican Party has ever passed. -In his presidency the Republican Party began to split.

Woodrow Wilson
-He endorsed a progressive platform called the New Freedom. This demanded a stronger anti-trust legislation, bank reform and reduced tariffs. -Clayton Anti-Trust Act of 1914 was an act tat was set by Congress during Wilsons presidency. It sought to strengthen the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890. It prohibited corporations from acquiring the stock of another if doing so would create a monopoly; if a company violated this law, its officers could be prosecuted. It also specified that labor unions and farm organizations and more.

-The second antitrust measure established by Wilson was the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). This watchdog -He was a very cautious agency was given that power president. He didnt believe in to investigate possible himself or even think of violations of regulatory himself as president. statues. -Wilson also worked hard to reduce tariff rates. -He set up the Federal Reserve System, a system that still serves as the basis of the nations banking system. -During his presidency the 19th Amendment was passed which gave women the right to vote.