Adam Nieto H.W.

# 3

12/10/13 Jeziorski, Period 4

Political, Economic and ocial !"an#es t"at !"an#ed $%rin# t"e &econstr%ction

Political
'&adical re(%)licans started to a((ear *"en re(%)licans *ere an#r+ o,er -incoln.s moderate &econstr%ction (lan. As a res%lt o/ t"is *as t"e Wade'$a,is 0ill *"ic" *as (ro(osed t"at !on#ress not t"e (resident *as res(onsi)le /or &econstr%ction. '$emocrats o((osed to &e(%)lican.s (lans /or &econstr%ction, called *"ite o%t"erners *"o 1oined t"e &e(%)lican Part+ scala*a#s.

Economic
'' P%)lic Works Pro#ram *as esta)lis"ed in t"e o%t". 2"e )%ildin# o/ road, )rid#es, or("ana#es as *ell as int%itions /or t"e mentall+ ill and disa)led. 4m(ortantl+ it )ro%#"t /ort" (%)lic sc"ool s+stems /or t"e /irst time /or man+ ot"ern states. '4t *as estimated t"at "erman.s troo(s "ad destro+ed a)o%t 7100 million *ort" o/ !on/ederate (ro(ert+ in 8eor#ia and o%t" !arolina.

ocial
'!i,il &i#"ts Act o/ 1<== #ranted A/rican Americans citizens"i( and /or)ade t"e (assin# o/ discriminator+ la*s. 2"e 14t" Amendment (ro,ided a constit%tional )asis /or t"e !i,il &i#"ts Act. '2"e >i/teen Amendment *as introd%ced )+ t"e radicals. 2"e >i/teent" Amendment states t"at no one can )e ke(t /rom ,otin# )eca%se o/ t"eir ?race, color, or (re,io%s condition o/ ser,it%de.@ 2"is amendment alon# *it" t"e /o%rteen created m%c" contro,ers+, it created ,iolence and in some (arts o/ t"e co%ntr+ it *as not en/orced. ' o%t"erners "ad a "ard time acce(tin# t"at A/rican Americans *ere no* /ree. 2"e+ also "ad to deal *it" t"e da+'to' da+ in,ol,ement o/ Nort"erners in t"eir li,es. 0eca%se o/ t"is man+ (eo(le /led to E%ro(ean co%ntries, 9eAico and 0razil. '&e%ni/ication o/ A/rican Americans /amilies *as seen d%rin# t"e &econstr%ction. A/rican Americans *ere no* /ree and *anted to searc" /or t"eir /amil+ mem)ers. 2"e >reedmen.s 0%rea% "el(ed reconnect /amilies t"at *ere s(lit

'2"e re#ions (o(%lation *as also destro+ed. 9ore t"an 1/3 o/ t"e ad%lt *"ite men o/ t"e con/ederac+ died in '2"e $emocrats also re/erred *ar. to Nort"erners *"o mo,ed to t"e o%t" a/ter t"e *ar as '40,000 /reed A/rican American sla,es car(et)a##ers. 2"e name *ere #ranted land )+ "erman in t"e *as #i,en )eca%se o/ t"e areas o/ 8eor#ia and o%t" !arolina. )elie/ t"at Nort"erners H:WE;E& President Jo"nson arri,ed *it" so /e* ordered t"at t"e ori#inal lando*ners )elon#in#s t"at e,er+t"in# )e allo*ed to reclaim t"eir land and co%ld it in a car(et)a# or a e,ict t"e /ormer sla,es. small (iece o/ l%##a#e made o%t o/ car(etin#. ''Planter class *anted to restore t"e (lantation s+stem. 0eca%se not an+ 'A/rican American ,oters as sla,es *anted to contin%e to *ork in a res%lt o/ t"e 13t" t"e /ields e,en a/ter )ein# (aid, Amendment *ere a lar#e instead t"e+ *orked in mills and on ma1orit+ o/ t"e o%t"ern railroad constr%ction. &e(%)lican (art+. 4t is said t"at 5 o%t o/ 10 o/ t"em ' "arecro((in#' lando*ners di,ided s%((orted t"e &e(%)lican t"eir land and #a,e eac" *orker Part+. 506 o/ A/rican eit"er A/rican American or (oor

Americans ,oted. '$%rin# t"e &econstr%ction t"ere *as a s"i/t in t"e stat%s o/ t"e (olitical (arties. ome o/ t"e reasons *ere )eca%se t"ere *as a con/lict o/ ,ie*s )et*een t"e (eo(le in t"eir (art+. 2"is ca%se man+ (eo(le to s*itc" (arties. Also *it" t"e addition o/ A/rican Americans in t"e (olitical (arties ti((ed t"e )alance o/ t"e (arties. '!on#ress (assed a series o/ En/orcement Acts in 1<B0 and 1<B1. :ne e,en allo*ed /or /ederal s%(er,ision o/ elections in o%t"ern tates as a res%lt o/ t"e ,iolence /rom t"e CCC and )eca%se o/ $emocratic intimidation. Anot"er act allo*ed t"e (resident to send troo(s to areas in t"e so%t" *ere t"e Clan *as acti,e. '0+ (assin# t"e En/orcement Acts, !on#ress seemed to increase &e(%)lican (o*er. Ho*e,er s"ortl+ a/ter !on#ress (assed le#islation t"at se,erel+ *eakened t"e &e(%)lican Part+ in t"e o%t".

*"ite a /e* acres alon# *it" seed and tools. $%rin# "ar,est season t"e lando*ner *o%ld )e #i,en %s%all+ "al/ to t"e lando*ner. '!otton *as No -on#er Cin#. 2"is *as )eca%se d%rin# t"e *ar t"e demand /or cotton "ad )e#%n to dro( as ot"er co%ntries )e#an to increase t"eir cotton (rod%ction. A res%lt t"e (rice o/ it *ent do*n drasticall+. Peo(le tried to )rin# t"e (rice o/ it )ack %( )+ makin# more )%t instead it made t"in#s *orse and (%t t"e (rice o/ it do*n e,en /%rt"er. 'Peo(le tried to di,ersi/+ t"e econom+ as a res%lt o/ t"e (rice o/ cotton #oin# do*n. 2"e 2eAtile ind%str+ s(ran# %( as *ell as to)acco (lants *ere introd%ced. 'Panic o/ 1<B3, t"e econom+ man+ in,estors *ere con,inced t"at t"e )%siness (ro/its *o%ld contin%e to increase. Ho*e,er not eno%#" in,estors )o%#"t s"ares. !ooke railroad lines co%ld not (a+ de)t so !ooke.s )ankin# /irm *ent )ankr%(t. !a%sin# ot"er )anks to close and t"e stock market to tem(oraril+ colla(se. '!%rrenc+ *as dis(%ted /ollo*in# t"e (anic o/ 1<B3. 9an+ (eo(le *anted t"e c%rrenc+ to )e )acked )+ #old, *"ic" *o%ld red%ce t"e n%m)er o/ dollars in circ%lation.

%( d%rin# t"e *ar. 'A/rican Americans no matter *"at a#e *ere learnin# "o* to read and *rite. 2"is ca%sed some o%t"erners to )ecome ,iolent. An A/rican American man *as killed as a res%lt. '2"e C% Cl%A Clan *as a social cl%) /or !on/ederate ,eterans. 4t started in 2ennessee in 1<==. 9em)ers"i( in t"e #ro%( s(read ra(idl+ t"ro%#" t"e o%t". 9an+ o/ t"e ne* c"a(ters t%rned into ,iolent terrorist or#anizations. 4ts #oal *as to (re,ent A/rican Americans /rom eAercisin# t"eir (olitical ri#"ts. '2"e Clan killed and ot"er #ro%(s killed t"o%sands o/ men, *omen and c"ildren. 2"e+ )%rned do*n sc"ools, c"%rc"es and (ro(ert+ and ,ast ma1orit+ *ere A/rican Americans. Anot"er o)1ecti,e o/ t"e #ro%( *as to t%rn t"e re(%)licans *"o "ad esta)lis"ed &econstr%ction #o,ernments o%t o/ (o*er.