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Probability: A Measure of Chance

This document defines key concepts in probability, including: - Theoretical probability is defined as the number of favorable outcomes divided by the total number of possible outcomes. - Events can be mutually exclusive, meaning they cannot occur at the same time, or nonmutually exclusive, meaning they can occur at the same time. - The addition rule calculates probability for mutually exclusive and nonmutually exclusive events. - Events are independent if the occurrence of one event does not impact the probability of the other, and dependent if one event does impact the other's probability. - Conditional probability is the probability of one event occurring given that another event has occurred.

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3K views16 pages

Probability: A Measure of Chance

This document defines key concepts in probability, including: - Theoretical probability is defined as the number of favorable outcomes divided by the total number of possible outcomes. - Events can be mutually exclusive, meaning they cannot occur at the same time, or nonmutually exclusive, meaning they can occur at the same time. - The addition rule calculates probability for mutually exclusive and nonmutually exclusive events. - Events are independent if the occurrence of one event does not impact the probability of the other, and dependent if one event does impact the other's probability. - Conditional probability is the probability of one event occurring given that another event has occurred.

Uploaded by

jessicarrudolph
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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Probability

~A measure of chance

Probability that an EVENT will NOT OCCUR.


P(E) = 0

Probability that an EVENT WILL OCCUR.

P(E) = 1 or 100%

Theoretical Probability

P(E) =

Favorable Outcome

Total Outcomes

Mutually Exclusive
Two events that cannot occur at the same time

Image Credit: Math is Fun

Nonmutually Exclusive
Two events that can occur at the same time

Image Credit: Math is Fun

Addition Rule for Probability


If two events, A and B, are mutually exclusive.

P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)

Addition Rule for Probability


If two events, A and B, are nonmutually exclusive.

P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A and B)

Independent Events
When one event occurs and does NOT affect the other events probability of occurrence

Probability of Independent Events


P(A and B) = P(A) * P(B)

Dependent Events

When one event occurs and DOES affect the other events probability of occurrence

Probability of Dependent Events


P(A and B) = P(A)*P(B|A)

Conditional Probability

P(A and B) P(B|A) =! P(A)

P( A and B)
Indicates the intersection of two sample spaces (two events occurring)

P( A or B)
Indicates the union of two sample spaces (two events occurring)

Probability of the Complement of an Event

P(not A) = 1 P(A)

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