Hebrew Medical Astrology

Hebrew Medical Astrology: David Ben Yom Tov, Kelal Qaan: Original Hebrew Text, Medieval Latin Translation,
Modern English Translation Author(s): Gerrit Bos, Charles Burnett, Tzvi Langermann Source: Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, New Series, Vol. 95, No. 5 (2005), pp. i, iii, v-vii, ix, 1-61, 63-121 Published by: American Philosophical Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20020391 . Accessed: 18/01/2011 08:14
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Tables of diseases and signs of the zodiac, and diseases and planets (see pp. 79-82). Biblioteca de Catalunya 634, fols 89v-90r (reproduced with permission).
MS Paris, BN h?b. 1077: Six Wings of Immanuel Bonfils, and other astronomi cal and calendrical texts. Germany, c. 1475-1490, parchment (except for 3 pa per leaves) Immanuel Ben Jacob Bonfils is foremost known for the astronomical tables which he drew up in the year 1365 in the city of Tarasc?n which he called "Shesh Kenafayim" (SixWings; cf. Is. 6:2). The work was translated into Latin in 1406 and into Byzantine Greek in 1435. These tables are preserved inmany a contains Each number of astronomical tables manuscript copies. "wing" sun moon movements times the of the and the for the concerning determining and magnitudes of solar and lunar eclipses as well as the day o? the new moon. The tables themselves are largely based on the tables of the ninth-century Arab astronomer al-Battani, as the author acknowledges in the preface. But they are presented according to the Jewish calendar and adapted to the longitude and latitude of Tarasc?n. These tables were consulted by European scholars as late as the seventeenth century. The fifth "wing" is dedicated to the zodiac. In this German copy from the end of the fifteenth century, folios 19v to 25 have one with their Latin zodiacal sign on each page. These signs are set inmedallions names transcribed inHebrew characters. Lit.: M. Garel, D'une main forte. Manuscrits h?breux des collections fran?aises, Paris, 1991, no. 109; Encyclopaedia Judaica, vol. 4, cols. 1207-1208, entry: "Bon fils, Immanuel Ben Jacob" (B.R. Goldstein).
MS Paris, BN h?b. 1120:Medical astrology and other texts. Southern Germany, c. 1480-1500, parchment contains treatises by Hippocrates, This medical miscellany Galen, Mai we and others. At the end of the volume find an un monides, 135-146) (fols fitted treatise that deals with the relationship between astrology and medicine, the days proper for bloodlet explains the astral influences, and determines in fols 143v-145 are illuminated with for bloodletting ting. The instructions author. the signs of the zodiac, which illustrate the purpose of the anonymous The signs of the zodiac inmedallion-shaped illustrations are painted in naive characteristic of Ashkenazi prayer books for style. The zodiac iconography, since the high holidays the thirteenth (Mahzorim) century, is copied in this secular manuscript. The style of these medallions recalls the woodcuts of the at almanacs and popular calendars printed and sold in southern Germany the end of the fifteenth century, and especially evokes the productions of the these xylographies regions around Ulm and Augsburg. Widely distributed, from the beginning of the art of printing left their stamp on the illumination of later manuscripts. Lit.: M. Garel, D'une main Paris, 1991, no. 110. forte. Manuscrits h?breux des collections fran?aises,
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Manuscript translated The
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from Provence, containing of the Medical several Treatise medical texts, mostly of Jean of Damascus,
fragments C.1400. 36 x 24 cm.
of the homo combined representation signorum only known where all the positions with the homo venarum, used for bloodletting are labeled in Hebrew. on the This illustrates the influence of astrology organs and on the choice of the place of bloodletting. are shown on the parts of the The signs of the zodiac body and to limbs they were The absence of govern. any specifically thought in the iconography of the signs of the zodiac indicates Jewish features that this well-executed Biblioth?que Nationale was from a non-Jewish model. figure copied de France, Paris, Ms. hebr. 1181, folio 264v.
Hebrew
Medical
Astrology: David Kelal Ben Yom Qatan Tov,
Text, Original Hebrew Latin Translation, Medieval Modern English Translation
Hebrew
Medical
Astrology: David Ben Kelal Yom Qatan Tov,
Text, Original Hebrew Latin Translation, Medieval Modern English Translation
Gerrit Bos Charles Burnett

Tzvi Langermann
American Philosophical Society 2005 Philadelphia
TRANSACTIONS
of the
AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY

Held at Philadelphia
For Promoting Useful Knowledge Volume 95, Part 5
Copyright All rights ISBN-10: ISBN-13:
2005 by
the American
Philosophical
Society
for its Transaction
series.
reserved. 0-87169-955-9 978-0-87169-955-8
US ISSN: 0065-9746
Library Ben Yom of Congress Tov, David, medical Cataloging-in 14th cent. Hebrew text, Original by] Gerrit Bos, Charles ;v. 95, pt. 5) Publication Data
[Kelalqatan. Polyglot]
Hebrew medieval Burnett, Latin : David Ben Yom Tov, kelal qatan. astrology translation modern / [edited translation, English of the American references (pbk.) I. Bos, Gerrit, and Philosophical index. H. Burnett,
Tzvi Langermann. ? (Transactions p. cm. Includes bibliographical ISBN-13: 978-0-87169-955-8 1.Medical IV. Title. astrology. V. Series.
Society
1948-
Charles,
in. Langermann,
Y.
Tzvi.
BF1718.B3712 2005
133.5'861?dc22
2005048119
Contents
Acknowledgments.ix 1-Introduction.1 2-Original 3-The Hebrew Text.35
Latin Text.63 English Translation.83
4-Modern Glossary.99
Bibliography.109
Index.113
Color Plates for Figures 1,2,3 and 4 appear in the front of the book
Acknowledgments
It is our great pleasure Hebrew text, medieval
to offer Latin
to the reader translation
this edition and modern
of the original trans English
lation of the Kelal Qatan (Concise Summary) composed by David Ben

Yom Tov, a Hebrew scholar who lived detailed century. This text is the most treatise in the first half of the fourteenth and extensive original Hebrew on astrological in medicine Hebrew literature. While surviving and otherwise all three authors have read, criticized, to contributed Gerrit Bos takes primary the entire endeavor, for the responsibility text and English Tzvi Langermann for the Intro translation, we Burnett and Charles for the Latin text. On this occasion and for Hebrew for the
Hebrew duction thank
a copy of the Latin for obtaining Jos? Chab?s manuscript Catalan words, for help with Richler interpreting Benjamin and we the libraries consulted. of Barcelona, Oxford,
manuscripts, manuscripts
and Paris
ix
Chapter One Introduction
present the reader here with a study of Kelal Qatan by David Ben Yom Tov, known in Latin simply as David Iudaeus. This W"e is a text on medical astrology, dealing primarily with the astrologi
cal indications pertaining especially to fevers. Our introduction
ismade up of several parts. We shall first sketch a history of this branch of medical astrology from antiquity up to and including Sefer ha-Me'orot (TheBook of theLuminaries), written by Abraham Ibn
Ezra we used and review the most the scant important existing for Kelal Qatan. Following that, information biographical concerning source
David and information about themanuscripts

for our edition Next we Qatan. to medical tion and give recap all the other medieval survey that have come to our a concise
(Hebrew and Latin)

of the contents Hebrew attention. texts This of Kelal related
inspec an was that astrology feature, interesting in the corpus of Hebrew but not at all a prominent and Ju element, a daeo-Arabic medical short discusses writings. Finally, postscript an was in medical different tradition which also entirely astrology, in Hebrew the correlation be literature, present namely, supposed leads tween certain asterisms and and diseases Our edition translation
astrology us to conclude
of the eyes. are final products, meeting rigor ous academic standards. the survey texts in of Hebrew Similarly, is intended to be exhaustive. the second part of the introduction Not in the conspectus that begins the next paragraph. so, however, In the course of preparing it, we have encountered several highly
interesting texts, all of them unpublished and unstudied even in a preliminary fashion. They appear to be of crucial importance for
our subject, to turn our they warrant independent to at least some attention study, and, in fact, we hope in the future. of them The
picture
that begins
to emerge from our admittedly 1
hurried
study
2 Hebrew Medical Astrology, David Ben Yom Tov, Kelal Qatan
is that
a critical
reappraisal
of the relationship
between
medicine
and astrology took place in thatmurky suture between the end of classical antiquity and the beginning of Islamic civilization. The re
appraisal was critical in both senses of the word: from the story in terms very itwas of momen that was are about avenues not to for state
tous import in directing subsequent developments;

a reassessment entirely embark of ancient We is a plausible points authorities believe that to some account a stance submissive.
and it involved
that we of
upon it certainly of research; future research.
the current
promising
Astrological
an and which
Medicine:
A Historical which
on
Sketch forms the core of Kelal Qat
The astrological medicine
of the texts that we have been the basis seems, to have been of the most able to examine, significant application in to between consists the correlations medicine, phases astrology the "cri of fevers, most and the progress of the moon particularly, that played such an important role in Greek ses" or "critical days" medicine. to reach These and These a climax, correlations are the days the outcome on which of which the fever is fateful can be expected for the patient.
the patient's efficacious?and vention. Several to obtain thought there is the moon's tested to most and the moon
provide chances the most factors between
prognoses of survival, contributed
of the ailment of the severity as well as guides to the most for inter dangerous?times therapeutic to the theoretical connections the moon's water, the connection tides. with and fevers. First, phases or fluids at in general, of the phases between fevers were seem fevers and thought the humors to follow have ease. their The and
association
obviously the height
by of ocean with waxes
Since
to result from superfluities are their connection liquid, the moon Second, logically. and abatements, paroxysms
of one
of the humors, would the moon and wanes, and periods between and
crises connection
of relative
observation
seemed critical
that both themoon

a close
and fevers exhibit cyclic behavior

the two. Finally,
to indicate
clearly related to both of the first two factors, there is the theory of
so important in Greek medicine. Crises were ob days that is seven or thought, in cycles of there to occur served, days. Though are other ways do to interpret these hebdomads, par they roughly of the moon. allel the quarters
The first two of these points aremade by Ptolemy in his Tetrabib

los, one of the foundational texts of ancient and medieval astrology.
Introduction
Concerning of the moon's close action
the moon's
connection consists
power to the earth and because therefore because is precisely of light which
with moisture, he writes, "Most of humidifying, it is because clearly Its of the moist exhalations therefrom. to soften and from cause putrefaction in
this,
bodies for themost part, but it shares moderately

power it receives
also in the heating cy
the sun."1
With
regard to the astrological
significance of themoon's
cles Ptolemy "For in its waxing to first from new moon observes, moon more is the in its of moisture; passage quarter productive to full, of heat; from full to last quarter, from first quarter of dry and last to from of cold."2 ness, occultation, quarter The was made risms. connection some between ancient by In the translation critical days commentators and the moon's phases Apho "The to Hippocrates' 11.24 states,
of W.H.S.
Jones, Aphorisms
fourth day is indicative of the seven; the eighth is the beginning of another week; the eleventh is to be watched, as being the fourth day of the second week; again the seventeenth is to be watched, being
the fourth Galen tury?) does does. from not His the fourteenth comment on and the seventh from the eleventh."3 but Palladius this passage, (sixth cen in Greek, extant is no longer but it
commentary
has recently been rediscovered by Hinrich Biesterfeldt

Langermann to this aphorism, inform motion. us that as the moon's in one Arabic Palladius and two Hebrew that versions. remarks
and Y. Tzvi
In his gloss to wishes course
the days of acute diseases on account motion of the
"Hippocrates follow the same swiftness
of the moon's
that are prolonged illnesses follow the course of Similarly, the sun, since the sun's motion is slow." Just as prolonged illnesses so to the four the acute must crises of fevers seasons, correspond
to the lunar correspond phases.4 To be sure, Palladius in each has noted that the number of days same moon of the is acute the for the and for He fevers. part cycle no connection or draws here between the moon's phase position to any star and the onset of illness or the relative admin purgation seem a istered by the physician. it to require does not However, great tions to connect all three of our observa leap of thought together and to draw conclusions for both prognosis and therapy from at the moon's various of the illness. positions stages Galen Critical Days, does where take note, however, of the moon's role in his On the connection of the moon's and some phases,
planetary aspects as well, with

the better deavoring part to revise of Book Three.
the theory of critical days, takes up

Tamsyn Barton, who of Galen has been en perception as someone
the common
hostile
problem of the Galenic
to astrology, observes for those who would
that On Critical like to excise
that take on board corpus cannot say that the stars play an important tions of medical for example, phenomena;
a poses Days "certainly as spurious those parts one Yet overall astrology."5 role in Galen's there explana at is no mention
all of astrology
with of explaining Galen's
in Peter Singer's
thorough study of Galen's ways
as itmay, we are not concerned here things.6 Be that toward but rather with his overall posture astrology,
role in the development of themedieval astrological understanding of the theory of critical days. We shall not examine his On Critical Days directly. Instead, we shall call attention to a critical appraisal of
Galen's of On texts Summa Hebrew position Critical that form found in a new the source, sixteen never before noticed in the
scholarly literature. It is found in the Hebrew version of an epitome

one of Days, the so-called Summa or so epitomes of Galenic Alexandrinorum. The Hebrew the Arabic.7 is entirely However, different the from differs
is stated version
to be a translation of this particular
from epitome at
the Arabic
text preserved
inMS Princeton, Garrett 1075, the only

access source, present.8 throughout. The Hebrew
to which we have manuscript its purported from the Arabic,
We shall look briefly here at the beginning of the third and final book of On Critical Days, which, as we have seen, is the chief
locus for a discussion epitome to be, Galen's to consider consider of astral connections to human illness. this Hebrew and pseudo-Ptolemy's Centiloquium, rate, the two most thinks read In fact, to
gether with
low), seem
Ibn Day?'s
at this
commentary
juncture
(to be discussed
in detail be
pivotal that it is on each
at any
texts for the development

medicine. better should
of themedieval
as follows:
tradition of astrological
why judged that treatise the has been composed following day, to acknowledge It is appropriate for for him. principles especially as also has been com in the said the critical just discovering days, above. For there are two kinds: namely, experience mentary (peira)
text begins the reasons
"Whoever are not illnesses
[and reasoning]" (ed. K?hn, Claudii Galeni Opera Omnia, IX, Leipzig,
text "and reasoning" is omitted, Greek 1825, p. 900. In K?hn's on an unreliable it but because is based manuscript, sumably ismentioned the in the subsequent recapitulation knowledge found discussion). pre logos
The Arabic version

noring means
inMS Princeton
in the
follows
first two
this closely. Ig
sentences, it be
gins straightaway with

of which
the third sentence: "The principles

of the critical days
(us?l) by
are
can be extracted
two. One is thatwhich can be verified through empirical observation
Introduction
(bi-m?yashhad bihi al-tajriba); reasoning (qiy?s) attests to the other." In

stark He days contrast, the Hebrew But version school to the stars said, Pythagoras to the numbers. events, think and his as follows: "Book Three. begins attributed the causes of critical that revolve in heaven they as
sign attendant ... Galen does
from their different resulting are connected that numbers
are rather of human [numbers] figments thought, nor are no essential view, they principles_"9 reality; a Thus the Hebrew version opens with presentation a restatement followed sition of the Pythagoreans, by of the epitome. The crises Pythagoreans occur on day explain seven.
configurations to this, but they in his possessing, of the po of Galen's arith
view and, finally, by a critical assessment of Galen by the author(s)

the critical days
mologically;
explain variable why
numbers
are the basic principles,
and they suffice to
and attendant However, are to the crises due the chang symptoms accompanying In stellar the addition, ing configurations. Pythagorean theory of a within critical is scheme situated of three comprehensive days
worlds:
the moon.
the fixed world,

But even this entities,
the limited world,

idea, which has its basis connects in number:
and the world

terrestrial "This
below
to
events
superterrestrial
is so, because
the number
divided The
three is primeval
in this manner." to signify
(muqdam), and [so] the worlds were

the three worlds are well known, and
up terms used
their employment by "Pythagoreans" is not surprising. The Hebrew word here translated as "fixed" is qayyam,which should derive from
the Arabic q?'im. This term may be rendered as well by "real." One
may hazard a guess that the Greek was hupostaton, for the follow
so the English First, hupostaton (whence ing reasons. "hypostasis," can mean in a variety often used nowadays of manners) "real"; it is so translated in and Pines their by Sambursky consistently study of as the or of time, where it appears theories of anupostaton opposite sources as include authors who "unreal," whose (such Iamblichus) are the Hebrew and Arabic words, Second, certainly Pythagoreans.10 all derive from a word whose root meaning is just like the Greek, "to stand" meanings and thence have of "unchanging" a fundamental is standard are the additional, acquired and "real." The "limited," philosophical in Hebrew The "world ha be
mugbal, clearly denotes what

peperasmenon, low the moon" within which
in Greek philosophy
notion.11 and medieval
was known as
cosmologies.
Pythagorean in all ancient
Though each of the terms is readily comprehensible,

they including Pythagoreans, employed saw is extremely unusual. Many as reality tripartite. However,
the context
thinkers, for the
Pythagoreans,
real/unreal and limited/unlimited
are usually pairs of
opposites covering uses his source(s), istence. Nonetheless,
our author or, to be more all of existence; precise, name to them the first two of the three levels of ex
the like, then itmay qualify as "unlimited," just as the realm of the
"limited." above may be designated celestial motions orderly our author In sum, though summarized the views by are not
sense that the fixed, it certainly makes unchang come come and that the the moon level should first, ing sphere below to and be is last. If the sublimar random, thought disorderly, sphere
all out of place for Pythagoreans,

our he research is summarizing. of critical aspect then
it is impossible
at this stage of
Celsus, bers,
name views to identify the Pythagoreans whose by refers to the numerical To be sure, Hippocrates one critic of namely Hippocrates, days.12 At least num asserts that "in these matters indeed the Pythagorean famous, quite do treatises why deceived not claim days the ancients."13 that exhibit the numbers the However, are causes; periodic
Hippocratic when explaining time draws on required
critical
their peculiar This holds
ity, they appeal to physiology

for the coction between and musical
and pathology?most
of humors. the periods ratios on
especially,
true even
the
for
the pseudo-Hippocratic
a connection hand the-one
On Hebdomads.14 Aristeides
of fevers
Quintilianus
and palpitations the the other.15 By contrast,
Pythagoreans of the Hebrew epitome expound their arithmology within the wider context of three worlds or levels of reality; they
make or no mention of physiology or music.16 does not speak at all of the moon Furthermore, Hippocrates in conjunction with critical days. To be sure, the famous planets "... in Airs, Waters, the of astronomy contribution statement Places, tomedicine is not a very small one but a very great one indeed," was saw writers shall see later on, several Hebrew cited. As we widely an invitation and a justification for the application in this remark in context, to medicine. Taken of astrology however, Hippocrates more that affect than the seasonal there refers to nothing changes be taken into ac human constitutions and, therefore, must bodily the very next sentence count by medical science. reads, "For Indeed, like their suffer with the seasons men's diseases, organs, digestive do the Pythagoreans of the Hebrew However, epitome change."17 into their considerations fundamentally astrological incorporate
arithmetical
to Iamblichus,
theory. Note
concludes
that the Theology ofArithmetic, attributed

its lengthy on discussion the number of critical seven, ap days, a with jab
placed propriately at the astrologers!18
in the chapter
Introduction
In sum,
then,
at this point we itmay well
cannot
identify
the Pythagoreans
with whom
ideas. Of own
the author(s) of the Hebrew

be the case
epitome contrast Galen's
course, of Pythagorean synthesis does not deny Galen Galen
that the epitome its presents and philosophy. arithmology, astrology, and the connection numbers between
critical days, but it is certainly not "real" in the way

reans maintain.19 connects with critical the moon's
the Pythago
days Specifi sun to the position cally, regard produces general in its own sidereal and its position is responsible for circuit effects, more The and the effects. Galenic, special Pythagorean, especially are spelled out in more than we can relate here. It detail positions seems Galen would important making seem warranted to point a much though, claim stronger from Galen's out, that the Hebrew for the stars own epitome as causes has than
to the moon.
Hard-nosed writings. a connection that he Galen between the was, empiricist recognized as nu orbits and critical days moon's he the (much acknowledged sure that he would seen merical have link), but it is by no means the stars as a cause, especially when wearing his philosopher's hat.20
We
sources books, views
should also take into account
that not all of the Galenic
are at our in his account For example, of his own disposal. on Galen that he wrote confesses "specifically Hippocrates' on critical in a comprehensive on "the whole work days"
method
eventually
of healing" that began as an exercise for himself, but which

reached awider audience.21 Although Galen's that work is arranged
in fourteen books, it is not identical with his famous Methodos

peutike, which Hippocratic is also in fourteen books.22 commentaries should be variant from and pseudo-Hippocratic the Arabic which versions, writings may display of medical writers civilizations.23
thera
on
especially the intervention perhaps, flecting, suture between and Islamic classical After tion. He summarizing rejects Galen's Galen, assertion
scoured, texts, re the critical
his own evalua presents no moon that the has effect during it is not seen. On the other hand, the three days when he praises Galen's of the roles of the moon's revolution explanation respective in its own orbit, and its motion to the sun. There relative is in fact the author more in this detail contained considerably ered only after a much closer investigation. text, but it can be recov The Hebrew translator,
Shimsom ben Shlomo,

else; his syntax our Nonetheless, ing.24 indicates that, sometime and
is not known
structure reading toward
to have translated anything

make
sentence
often for difficult read so far of this text certainly striking the end of the period convention
as late antiquity, ally known of critical theory days and which, tion, Galen emaic" closer as far as we attached himself. can greater As we shall there in
there
arose
a critical state astral
assessment
of the
its connection
to numbers
tell at the present to the importance soon see, corresponds that draws
and planets, of our investiga than did factors within and medicine the of the "Ptol
"Galenic"
tradition tradition
to this development an elaboration astrology
astrology
than before.
Applications of astrology tomedicine figure in the defense of astrology that Ptolemy presents at the beginning of his Tetrabiblos. to him, it is the Egyptians, "those who have most ad According
vanced with this faculty of the art," who "have entirely united Galen medicine also an in astrological enough, Interestingly prediction."25 nounces of "Egyptian his acceptance of the findings
astrologers"
his On Critical Days.26 The Egyptians have devised
iatromathemati
in order "to succeed in learning the quali cal "systems" (syntaxeis) occur in events that the will ties of the underlying temperaments, causes and of the ambient, their special the future because ...; and,
on the other hand, by means of medicine, through their knowledge of what is properly sympathetic or antipathetic in each case, they
proceed, disease."27 However, lunar medical other Hebrew and the iatromathematics that that is developed later on in as far as possible, to take precautionary measures against
impending
illness and to prescribe
infallible treatment for existing
the Tetrabiblos is quite different

astrology sources. Tetrabiblos is concerned
from, though not unrelated
to, the
lies at the heart
diseases," juries causes his subjects to Saturn that "in general, for example, cators, makes them rheumatic," increases the phlegm, have cold bellies, we and find there neither the detailed and so forth.28 However, on one finds that later of charts precise computation supposedly and other purga in 'Aynzarb? nor the instructions for bloodletting
of Kelal Qatan and the in III, 12, whose topic is "bodily indi with astral general mainly
tions in keeping with

Qatan. injury logical retical Indeed, much from external
the phases of themoon

of what causes
that are set out inKelal
theo the general the Tetrabiblos presents it not for take does medicine, up astrological underpinnings concern issues that are the main of David the more specific medical
developments In sum, then, while
concerns describes Ptolemy possible as rather than the patho arrows) (such of medical that are the domain theory.
Ben Yom Tov and other medievals.

survey, itmay not be amiss
In keeping with
a few
the focus of this

concern
to add here
comments
Introduction
ing the presence of the Tetrabiblos in the Hebrew tradition. To be sure, Hebrew astrology owes a great debt to Ptolemy (and no less to
pseudo-Ptolemy; have been little dic Midrash On manuscript in Arabic see below). Nonetheless, read. In fact, no Hebrew to which he adds the Tetrabiblos translation some exists. seems All to that own.
we have is a brief expos? by Judah ben Solomon,

Hokhmah, the other
in his encyclope
of his
remarks
Astrological medicine
is left out of his account entirely.29

call attention along with to an interesting the commentary of
should hand, we of the Arabic version, and partially
'Ali b. Ridw?n: Escorial 913. The manuscript

characters in Hebrew
iswritten
characters.
partially
There are
marginalia
hands,
throughout
in Judaeo-Arabic,
in at least two different
in the form of cross-references. cer This manuscript mostly as warrants further the glosses to tainly study, especially promise was reveal much about contexts within the wider which astrology studied. Let us same our sketch. In fact, it is at very then resume the nearly as we time treatise the anonymous that cited above find a statement the role of the moon's concerning phases. Hephaestio
clear
of Thebes, writing
One must disease know
in 381, observes as follows:
a that people who have been affected by moves the moon towards benefics, regain if the disease their health its crisis within reaches the first seven es (i.e., within [from the new moon]), quartile days moon a if in in en the that condition pecially quartile good while ters into conjunction with benefics. But if the moon moves an intensification toward malefics, she will provoke [of the until she reaches the point diametrically disease] opposite a malefic, her initial position. there is also If, together with a benefic, and intensification remission will be mixed to occur from the time of the full moon which gether. Diseases are with milder those occurring from onwards, compared moon the new moon because the waning sedates onwards, the vehemence of the sufferings.30
A much fuller statement is found in the commentary of Ab? Ja'farAhmad ibn Y?suf ibn D?ya (d. ca. 941) on pseudo-Ptolemy,
Centiloquium, aphorism that the author makes connection between 60. This a clear is a particularly text, in important statement the historical concerning and practitioners astrologers, showing
medical
the clear dependence
of the former upon the latter for the causal
that they had ascertained of phenomena explanation means of observation.31 survives This key text, which
already by in several
languages, has yet to be edited or studied in depth. Moritz Steinsch neider (who, by theway, justly takes credit for having determined the
true author tary is usually had assumed of the commentary; attributed merely to be 'All an enormous in the Latin versions the commen to "Haly," whom modern scholars ibn. Ridw?n, the commentator of the Tetra amount of information concerning the
biblos) presents
two Hebrew translations (one from the Arabic, the other from the Latin) and some later elaborations in the Hebrew tradition.32 As is
so often since the case, Steinschneider on scholarship 'smonumental the text has not contribution. much progressed In keeping with
the focus of this essay, I cite from the Hebrew translation (from the Arabic) by Qalonymos ben Qalonymos.33 First, let us look at the
aphorism attributed to Ptolemy. said: true crises of diseases?they sixty. Ptolemy Aphorism are the time[s] when the condition of the patient appears to shift quickly, the either for better or worse?occur when moon by which is at one of the angles [of a square] that is circumscribed that comes beforehand, and the sphaera recta. The change foretells it, occurs when and the moon that which comes is at the angles of before that
(meshumman); is at the angles] of the sixteen-sided the moon the of the patient should be de condition [Moreover, figure. with external him.] nothing disturbing veloping normally, are not found in the Greek version, (The bracketed passages but occur in all the medieval Latin versions.) find at one of these angles a beneficent
the octagon occurs when
fixed When you one find made star or planet When of these (Greek: you angles it indicates a change for the better. But if you find fortunate), it indicates a change for the worse there amalefic, (Greek: But when omits the opposite [is the case]. The Greek you find it harmed, the rest of this paragraph), the malefic unless opposes its limit.34 In these centers (!) the moon the illness and iswithin indicates wise ardent illnesses, and the sun chronic illnesses. Like for every star, according to its characteristics.35
Roughly speaking?clearly be studied tary must closely,
text-cum-commen the complete in the Arabic versions especially?the
astrological
the moon's
theory is founded upon four equally spaced points

orbit. These indicate represent the crises. The The astral inscribed factors square
in the
is bisected
crises,
twice, yielding
other crucial points which

its outcome.
precede
and which
are valid
Introduction
11
indicators nal Ab? factors Ja'far's
the illness runs its usual only when affect the condition of the patient. commentary:
and no exter course, Now let us cite from
Comment. cerning
patient come after
us con has instructed Ptolemy what it of the is; how the condition days; shall be affected for better or for worse; what will the critical
In this statement
to order. it, and its changes, according The physicians stand more in need of this than do the concur This is because many that astrologers. physicians on the-crisis resistance the is, as he said, without any part of the nature of the disease or the ardent
illness, on the fourth, on the twenty in the seventh, the fourteenth, and, addition, first [days of the illness]. They accepted this by tradition, and no without made claim for its [truth] other knowledge; they transpired however, Ptolemy, reason. Illness derlying than what had in their past reveals here overwhelms out experiences. its cause and the un
[i.e., the natural governance its functions carried having move herself to defeat her. Instead overwhelms
at first, and Nature of the body] is prevented from normally. But until she will the moon The not it ar su at the time that
illness
precisely she will wait
rives at a position that opposes that ismoving within perfluity that it had defeat her at the onset foe. of illness.
that [initial] position. itwill not have the Then she shall
strength rise up and
It is just as the wise He will restrain himself where from
would opponent when he is weak
he has no succor, then defeat him the one in which the illness commenced. discovered that Nature,
do against a fool. and in the place in the fourth sign
"Ptolemy" it first sets in.
in her wise
governance
of
the human body, knows better than to try to resist the illness when
at that time astral factors are in Obviously, working the illness's favor. Instead, Nature moon waits for the cunningly to move into quadrature at the onset to its position of illness. It then works it at the is that time that Na illness; against precisely ture arouses to fight off the disease. herself in short, is a The crisis, well-timed natural response, which would be less effective earlier
or later. The physicians had known all along that the body waits seven days before shaking off the illness, or at least before trying to
do so; now they know why.
Richard Lemay has suggested that Ab? Ja'far is the author not only of the commentary, but also of the Centiloquium itself. If this
proves to be true, then Ab? Ja'far is in effect crediting himself with themajor theoretical (and epistemological) leap described above.36
In any moon's working Tov's event, it appears that the links between were on astrology the agenda for David and medi of scientists Ben Yom into of the
cine in general, and those between

in particular, phases in medieval Islamic
the theory of critical days and the
high cultures.37
is an Pseudo-Ptolemy Kelal Qatan. Aphorisms 35, and the fourth
important 19,20,21,
source
and 57 are incorporated Ja'far's explanation The crucial
the treatise: the first two are utilized

sage above, in passage
in passage 45, the third in pas at length

im
52. Ab?
link between astrology and medicine, which we discussed

in Kelal Qatan, passages is reproduced the moon, that aspect of the planets portance 56-57. noted
in Centiloquium, the orb into eight that will be in
aphorism 60, is recorded as well

However, pseudo-Ptolemy's in order and sixteen sections, nor
inKelal Qatan, passages 72 and 115.

to divide the points
instructions to determine
dicative of the coming crisis, are not followed by David Ben Yom Tov,
in our survey. Instead David adheres covered by any other writer Ibn Reshit Abraham Ezra's to other sources, for example, Hokhmah.38
astrology in the Hebrew tradition attained its high influential expression in Sefer ha-Me'orot (Book of the Luminaries), penned by the twelfth-century polymath Abraham Ibn Medical est and most
one of the most writers of all Ezra, certainly important astrological is undoubtedly the single most times. Moreover, Sefer ha-Me'orot source Tov. Ben David Yom We for shall, accordingly, important on Ibn some with remarks this preliminary conspectus focuses here Ezra's short but very tract.39 Our attention interesting two on third of ha-Me'orot. The the first thirds, remaining Sefer roughly of of the moon's the indications which aspects position, comprise conclude Kelal Qatan by and large, and we and so forth, match the planets, or as to from Ibn shall refer necessary correspondences divergences to the English translation. Ezra in our notes on the is based ha-Me'orot accepted principles generally Sefer establishing allows which association formulated lunar with as influence: it to exercise water general to the Earth, proximity over terrestrial its events; greater power and its phases. ideas are These and fluids; for example rules later on in the book, (p. the moon's
13): "If the disease is caused by an excess in the body, and themoon waxes, this will be difficult. But if itwanes, itwill be better. But if the disease is caused by a deficit and themoon wanes, itwill be dif ficult, but if itwaxes, itwill be better."
However, broader theory these same notions of light, are situated close within a much con of the action one with theological
Introduction
13
nections.
In the opening [the sun]
sentences
(p. 7) Ibn Ezra and from
speaks
of "the
great light that God emanated from Himself. He gave it to the great
luminary to rule over the day; the great luminary
He caused the light to emanate, giving it to the small luminary [the moon] so that itmay rule by night. So also the heavens and all the
luminous stand Hebrew stars correctly, texts, the small luminary." together with Ibn Ezra here accepts the theory, known a as sun serves that the node for divine rule If I under from other light, which
is then relayed throughout

are all thought self-luminous.40 the stars On cal basis the other hand,
the cosmos.
In keeping with
light, rather
this idea,
than being doc It
to reflect he
the sun's
stridently in the unlucky traced corpus
rejects nature
"the nonsensical of even numbers.
trine" (divrei ha-mahbilim) that critical days have some numerologi

(p. 8), specifically which
would
even we
seem that Ibn Ezra is responding here to the Talmudic fear of

has been the Hippocratic Among to Babylonian As extispicy.41 the arithmological endorses
numbers, have seen,
approach; however,
in that system.42
if anything, odd days were more
to be feared
al-Kind? scientists, early Muslim accepted but the ominous number he gives is explanations, arithmological seven is the sum of nine also odd: 63, which of cycles days.43 Next Ibn Ezra takes up the very irregular nature of the moon's a gross it is therefore that the moon motion; only approximation will to its position be at quadrature at the onset of illness after seven a not measure is fourteen of the days. Similarly, days precise
moon's opposing its initial position; nor is 27 or 28 days the exact amount of time required to complete the cycle. We may interject
here that the Hippocratic aware of for their part, were well writers, nature the imprecise of the numerical for the sequences they gave crises. the Prognosis the periods of fevers, which Indeed, compares cannot solar be measured and exactly lunar month, of days.44 in integral numbers neither of which of days, with the an is described by
year integral number a method Ibn Ezra promises to provide for determining whether or the limit will occur on one of the above-mentioned days as far as I can tell, he does not do not.45 Although, he does just that, to determine instruct us on how whether there will be occasionally a true limit, or whether oc will something completely unexpected
cur. Thus in a passage at the end of the book (pp. 18-19) he tells us to calculate themoon's position 90 or 180 equatorial degrees from its position at the beginning of the illness. If then themoon is again aspected by or conjoined with one of the planets that aspected or conjoined with it in its initial position, the limit will be "true," for
better
or for worse;
if the same (perhaps or conjoin
new will befall the patient. However, nothing moon nor with neither the and aspects planet conjoins to say "or"?) a different Ibn Ezra means does aspect planet with the moon, something totally unexpected will occur.
Whether
this will be good or bad for the patient depends constitution. bodily
Let us be that return Ibn Ezra added to the beginning of Sefer ha-Me'orot. on the moon's the paragraph
on her
Itmay well to anomalies
the reader prepare tions to astrological First, neither
and somewhat for the inevitable, standard, objec now sets about to respond to these. He theory. tertian nor quartan fevers have limits. Presum
causes to know why this is so. If the moon ably, the objector wants as answer not is that well? The the for these fevers then crises, why or can moon remove it it. not weaken the disease; does only intensify a very common in a medical here formulated Next, critique,
context: How can it be that two people fall ill at the same time, but their crises are different? The reply is no less patent: it all depends
con in the medical of the patient. the constitution However, upon are available. answers the moon For example, text, more precise at Mars onset and one with the of been have illness; may joined a was while hot the other from have suffered fever, may patient a a cold fever. Mars, exacerbate hot planet, will with the afflicted
condition of the former but not affect the latter. (Recall that pseudo Ptolemy had stated that amalefic will not harm the patient if its
properties no two human In general those of the illness.) oppose are exactly of any one the same, nor are the causes temperaments same as those of any other. On top of this, the the illness exactly are boundless. variables astrological the use of as lead one to question These observations, however, a use of at all in medicine. that is so im science Why make trology some stock too Ibn Ezra relies upon Here and so unreliable? precise answers. will and these The stars exert some general effects, always it is a variables. of the individual be a factor, regardless Similarly, general plete rule that the moon's To be sure, for the moment significant. chart to know at the onset of an illness position itwould if possible to have be better when disease sets in. But physicians is very a com too
must rely upon general rules. Strictly speaking, the physician ought
he and other data when chemistry, to assess the illness. The implica is that the physician does not. In sum, then, Ibn Ezra tion, of course, as it may that astrology, establishes be, is of use to the imprecise in any event, will be applying to a particular who, patient physician, are true that likewise rules medical only grosso modo. strictly is healthy, urine the patient's pulse, so as to be better able
Introduction
15
source is the most Ben for David important Sefer ha-Me'orot and 89-90 derive Yom Tov. Passages from 53-54,67,82-87, directly are literal Ibn Ezra's In passage 46 Ibn tract; often they quotations.
Ezra ismentioned
Ezra against Ptolemy also
by name; and in passage 27, David

on a technical to be the most matter unrelated
follows Ibn
to medicine.
In terms of the number of early printed editions,

ha-Me'orot proved popular
Ibn Ezra's Sefer

in the
of his works
Latin West. Itwas translated in 1292 by Henry Bate of Malines and printed under the title De luminaribus seu De diebus creticis by Er hard Ratdolt in Venice in 1482. An abbreviated version of this text (AbbreviatioAbrahe avenezre de luminaribus et diebus creticis) was in
cluded within Johannes Ganivetus's Amicus medicorum, which was
printed in Lyons in 1496,1508, and 1550; in Rome in 1544 (revised by Michael Angelo Biondo); and in Frankfurt am Main in 1614.46
A second translation was made by Pietro d'Abano toward the end
of the thirteenth century and printed under the title Liber lumina rium et est de cognitione diei cretici seu de cognitione cause crisis by Peter Liechtenstein in Venice in 1507 in Abrahe Avenaris Judei.. .in
re judiciali is no opera. longer . . .Both translations are
made
which Tov's
from a French version of the Hebrew

extant. With
presumed we
to have are now
been
text, by Hagin
le Juif,
ready
this background,
to turn to the treatise that is the focus of our study, David Ben Yom
Kelal Qatan.
David Ben Yom Tov, author of Kelal Qatan David Ben Yom Tov was aHebrew scholar who lived in the first half of the fourteenth century. He should not be confused with
name had the same proper and patro Jew who ben Yom Tov ibn Bilia.47 None of the manuscripts of Kelal Qatan displays the name "Ibn Bilia," nor is there any indica in tion at all that the author lived On the other hand, Portugal.48 there is weighty to be adduced circumstantial in evidence, though course our the of that argues for the author's introduction, having or Catalonia. in Provence resided Our author is related, as either the the Portuguese nymic, David
son or father, to the astronomer Jacob Ben David Po'el Ben Yom Tov
a well-known also Sen Boniat),49 Catalan (Bonjorn, Bondoron, in the year 1361 astronomer who astronomical tables for composed the latitude of Perpignan.50 the father of the David, astronomer, ap an to have been himself astronomer. He was pears accomplished a difficult and some records his divorce character, pro concerning a have survived. Bonet David Jacob's son, earned ceedings Bonjorn, Po'el
medical
degree
at Perpignan.
Forcibly
converted
during
the anti
Jewish riots of 1391, he considered
emigrating
in order to revert
In response to Judaism to David's but later abandoned that plan. to remain Christian, Profiat Duran wrote decision his famous satire,
Al tehi ka-Avotekha (Do Not Be Like Your Fathers).51 Manuscripts

This
of Kelal Qatan
exists in four manuscripts: Add. 19 [=Catalogue Neu Library, Michael in is written This (K). manuscript Sephardic from Provence, late fifteenth century. The text of blots of ink. The on medicine same manuscript and astronomy, de decubitu
treatise
1. Oxford, bauer cursive is partly contains 2042],
Bodleian ff. 9b-llb
script and hails hard to read because on ff. 5-9 another
that is, a Hebrew translation ex mathematica sciential2 2. St. Petersburg, fifteenth vere or sixteenth
composition of pseudo-Galen's of Oriental The
Prognostica Studies, Russian
Institute
Academy of se
of Science C 76, ff. 164b-165b (v), written

century. staining. 3. Paris,
in a Sephardic hand of the

illegible h?b. because
text is partly de France,
Biblioth?que
Nationale
(a). This manuscript tion of astrological
from the fifteenth century dating texts. Kelal Qatan is featured on fols 99a-104a.53
1065, ff. 99a-104a a collec contains
4. Verona, Biblioteca C?vica 204 (82.4), ff. 102a-104b (1),Byzantine hand of the fifteenth century.
MS edition been other K has since been it has selected as the base manuscript for the critical the best readings. The text of N has appropriate, on the basis of the
preserved this seems where corrected, three manuscripts. Translation treatise exists
The
Latin David's
in a Latin Biblioteca sometimes
translation de Catalunya
that is found
in a sin
gle manuscript:
Barcelona, to it, but
634, fols. cMrÔr.54
In general
reliable has
the Latin text follows
the Hebrew
the
text closely and is a

been corrupted
witness
text has
through misinterpretation
additional
or faulty reading. At other times the text
in the Hebrew that does not appear material text, an one gets the while of character, occasionally explanatory mostly text has been ab Hebrew that the admittedly verbose impression breviated. It is hard to say whether the Latin translation goes
Introduction
17
back
to one of the traditions with
represented
by
the extant Hebrew
man
uscripts or is based on a lost Hebrew MS tradition. Although

congruity the other manuscripts. a to emend corrupt Hebrew is a certain
there
text agrees with the Latin K, at times In a few cases we have used text the Latin text. All deviations from our Hebrew
edition have been listed in the critical apparatus to theHebrew text. Significant differences between the Latin and Hebrew text have been listed in the footnotes to the English translation as well. Survey of the contents of Kelal Qatan In the opening passages
the intrinsic or movement world and is some relationship in the sublunar its effects
[1-6] David Ben Yom Tov establishes

medicine is caused medicine and world whereas the two astrology. Change from by forces issuing studies the move of
between
the celestial spheres. Astrology

below, between
studies the change in the supernal
ment
there case
from health to illness and from illness back to health. Hence

overlap fields. However, how much more mastery
both is beyond
already own author's fine needle."
the capability of just about everyone. Such was

of Hippocrates; hearts have alludes
the
in the time time, when David then are forced
so in the to the size of a "very shrunk to his motivations for writing this
treatise [7-10]. Physicians

and, from therefore, a friend
rarely have any knowledge

to consult astrologers
of astrology
pretend
(or those
ing to be experts in that field) for guidance.
In response to a request
but perhaps a to prepare
literature, (a common topos in medieval this may have been the David case), actually agreed concise handbook for the use of physicians.
The physician will

astronomical guide tions and the physician of the seven are more an
still need
data first from
to avail himself
of some basic
astrological should planets
[11-19]. For fruitful use of this of all learn to compute the posi the almanac. For most of the plan
ets this is not very difficult;

the Moon mission expert information added
but the motions
of Venus
and
tables
and the physician may wish complex, to make these calculations for him. Other "vital for the intention of this
to com
containing have been
treatise"
These tables are missing from appendix. all four Hebrew five tables are displayed However, manuscripts. in the Latin version. These addenda tabulate various correspon use as
as an
dences
between data and the human astrological body. To make of them, to the physician needs know the planetary positions, stated above.
18 Hebrew Medical Astrology, David
Ben Yom Tov, Kelal Qatan
are
enough, Interestingly in a manuscript found
Hebrew
versions
of three
of these Or.
tables 101:
at Chicago,
Newberry
Library 101 contains
table II (=Or. 101, f. 92a), table IV (=Or. 101, f. 91b), and table V
(=Or. 101, ff. 95b-96a). the tables of Abraham casionally, unique Newberry bar Hiyya Library Or. with many a set of and, drawn oc up interesting tables including
additional
materials,
for Narbonne
and Montpellier
(neither of which
is very far from
Some Perpignan). to Abraham nected most important Then follows to enunciate treatise." The moments
of the extra materials source a
Ibn Ezra, whose for Kelal Qatan.55 presentation of
are con in this manuscript is certainly the Sefer ha-Me'orot some basic concepts in as
tronomy and astrology

gins this
[20-33]. Finally, in passage

exposition all concern factors for is "the
34, David
intention choosing intervention. with was
be
of the
the rules whose
propitious Medieval nating to be us what
astrological ("elections") was medical very theory excess from the body fluids, a cause In of disease. major to do, and astrology the first and main tells
therapeutic concerned much whose other retention words,
elimi
thought the division of
tasks between
it. Accordingly,
the two disciplines was
simply this: medicine

(or when not) of the "concise
tells
to do rule"
us when section
[34-49] instructs the physician concerning propitious and impro pitious times for expurging fluids, either by means of surgery (bloodletting) or drugs (purgatives, emetics, etc.). The position of the Moon is the chief, indeed almost the only, indicator in these
con next section indications [50-54] outlines astrological it the Specifically, spells out relationship. cerning physician-patient rec errors on the causes which for stellar part, physician's possible find some other doctor. that the patient ommend was medicine of medieval Another component important to devotes the theory of "critical days." David considerable space questions. The
this issue [55-75]. Here

is followed A struggle endowed more
too the Moon

remarks
is the chief indicator. This

the prognosis. is, the body's Astral factors
by general between is portrayed capacity to heal
concerning "nature"?that the disease.
itself?and
come into play as influences that either help or hinder medical treatment [76-92]. The treatise ends with a brief apology for the
limited tise does of the rules precision not take into account divine ultimate given in this treatise. David's trea personal of these characteristics of the pa
tient, be they astrological

the patient, patient's decree). fate.
(natal horoscope)
Each has
or religious
some bearing
(deeds of
on the
Introduction
19
Astrological
Just how we must stock
Medicine
extensive
in theMedieval
was the interest
Jewish Tradition
in astrological medicine
on the part of Jewish physicians? To answer this question properly

we must two things. To first accomplish take begin with, as as of the extant medical-astrological well docu treatises, ments in other branches and relevant references of literature. The second and more task is to agree on a way difficult of assessing the
importance of astrology inmedical theory and practice; for itmust be obvious that simply producing a long list of documents does not
prove search, applies that it played it seems that well significant the following to Hebrew a role. Indeed, at this generalization medicine: "On stage of Haskell of re Isaacs
equally
the whole,
however,
astrology played only a small part inArabic medicine."56

The Cairo among in a recent between more some very Genizah furnishes From rough statistics. than 1,600 medical and "paramedical" documents listed some 25 about clear connection catalogue, only display and medicine.57 the Genizah and David none of the detailed Moreover, a series in of studies analyzed by are to medical connected Pingree documents but information contain from the as a rule do not drawn a mixture belong
astrology from horoscopes Bernard Goldstein
the medical-astrological Instead, questions.58 Genizah tend to tabulate connections, general or to any precise presuppose pretend provide from either medical So much of amulets, may be medical in their own astrological Not for the Genizah. recipes, right, connections and or
theory. a few codices astrological
notices.
These
to "folk medicine"
and "folk astrology." However
interesting they
on the have no bearing they certainly between and medicine, type of intimate par astrology in we are the realm that of here. A few ticularly theory, studying of codices of this type will Ha suffice: Jerusalem, Mossad examples
Rav Kook 1317; Torino III 12;New York, Columbia University X 893 M 6857; New York, JTSA MS 16030 (in Judaeo-Arabic: Yemen).
Short inserted texts do not medical ginal amples; notes into or tables connected some of the standard are to astrology occasionally medical texts. As a rule, those into account. considerations The ad
take astrological some
denda illustrate the need felt by some physicians

text with status of astrology astrology, in medieval but they medicine. unless indicate
to supplement
no less Here are a few otherwise:
the
ex
the mar
all manuscripts
are in Hebrew
specified
(a)Notes on astrology (inArabic) inserted near the end of a copy

(Arabic, Madkhalfi transcribed into Hebrew 'l-Tibb (Vatican, letters) ebr. 348, f. 61a). of Hunayn ibn Ish?q's al
(b) Astrological
charts
added
to an index
of Ibn S?n?'s
ai-Q?n?n,
book II (Oxford, Bodleian Library, Opp. 179, f. 121a).

man (c) Lists of connections to Bruno body, added ff. 43a-46a).59 notes (d) Astrological of Gerard de Solo's between the zodiacal treatise de Lungoburgo's added signs and the hu on surgery (Vati
can ebr. 376,
script sity of Alabama, added f. 92b).
at the beginning to al-R?z?'s commentary zodiacal
and end of amanu al-Mans?n (Univer the body, 1192,
(e) Notes to a copy
5087).60 Reynolds on the connection between of Natan Falaquera's
signs
and
Zori ha-Guf
(Paris, BNF h?b
(f)A list of days with
indications whether
or not bloodletting
on them, in Hebrew, in a Judaeo-Arabic should be performed inserted copy of Ibn S?n?'s al-Q?n?n, book two (Munich, arab. 816b, f. 173b).
Lists of days on which

should be avoided form a
bloodletting
special
should be performed
These recommen
or
subcategory.
dations
are thought to be based upon the planetary week

associations. simple the astrological Qatan.
and its
astrological here than neither core cited
at there is nothing more Nonetheless, play a encounters rules for One yes-or-no given day. theory Because it enjoyed (e.g., this lunar-planetary of bloodletting authority conjunctions, days among was
terms) nor themedical

of Kelal
theory (e.g., critical days) that constitute the

scheme
ostensibly
endorsed by Mar Shmuel, one of the great authorities

considerable many
in the Talmud,
Jewish physicians.61 indication Another astrology sites for amedical and medicine
the degree of intimacy between concerning can be found in discussions of the prerequi David asserts that each of the education. Bonjorn of the other end. so that he [passages can apply The medical doc
in truth demands two professions mastery to know medicine, 2-3]. The astrologer ought some to his theoretical practical knowledge
tormust know astrology, for both his theoretical (understanding the cause of disease and its progression) and practical (enabling a
correct famous Not ences However, accomplishment. prognosis) ars vita he observes maxim, brevis, longa citing Hippocrates' that no one can re in the in his list of sci commen
ally master both disciplines

everyone, necessary
[passage 4].
included however, astrology for the physician. Maimonides,
tary to the first of Hippocrates'

risms, cites the-sciences
famous and widely
studied Apho
al-F?r?b?'s concerning longish disquisition approvingly must but is not that the physician study; astrology
Introduction
21
included. Indeed, does Maimonides Bonjorn
nowhere make
or any other
authentic medical writings in the manner of astrology of David to be discussed of the treatises presently. use
at all in his
Al-F?r?b?, likeMaimonides, rejected astrology; and in this di rection of thought Maimonides may well have followed the lead
for whose he expresses the predecessor, writings a at esteem.62 greatest Interestingly enough, though, manuscript in Judaeo-Arabic, several Paris, BNF h?b 1082, f. 33b, preserves, on to said be "from the medicine, paragraphs astrological copied treatise Abu of Each Nasr al-F?r?b?'s." describes (maqala) paragraph the "election," that is, the astrologically time to perform, prescribed or not to an intervention. perform, therapeutic Purgation, applying one and each receive enema, para cupping, cautery bloodletting, graph. In this connection of Zeeland's John Simon interest.63 John Simon lines, the equatorium the science David Hebrew Kalonymos's treatise on the equatorium states that he designed this translation is not without instrument es of of his Muslim
pecially for the use of medical

was
doctors. As he writes
"for the benefit as
in the opening
of all those who
meant
study the science of astronomy, but especially

for whom of astronomy is requisite,
for the physicians,

Hippocrates said.
These are his words in the first book of Prognostic: "Moreover, there is another indication (?) from the orbs, which every doctor should look at closely...." (Paris BNF h?b 1051, f. 118b).64 Furthermore, in
a to his translation, mentions found postscript Kalonymos having an a in the in of Christian doctor Trento. equatorium possession The Hebrew versions of Arnald of Villanova's book on astro logical medicine, Dejudiciis up a very important chapter to go beyond brew treatise Capitula astrologiae, make this is the only He story. Indeed, in its the cycle of the Moon astrological in our astronomiae or
analysis. Arnald's book was

apparently schneider cension Any at Montpellier, lists nine of Arnald's copies
translated by Shlomo Avigdor

under of this the title Panim text.65 A decade
in 1393,
Stein ba-Mishpat. earlier Jacob ben
Judah Cabret (Qabrit) of Barcelona had prepared an abbreviated re

argument tract, based upon his own reading of the Latin.66 for the importance in Jewish of astrological medicine
practice would
treatise. Pertinent nard de Gordon. works
have to rest strongly on the popularity

as well The were in this connection attitude of that are some important
of Arnald's
of Ber writings medical writer has
recently been studied by Danielle

Bernard's very
Jacquart.67Hebrew
translations of
popular.68
Kelal Qatan is themost detailed and extensive original Hebrew

treatise on astrological treat the subject more of them have medicine. or less on A few other level, tracts are extant that the same that is to say, relying
exclusively
none we is a short
(or almost so) on the indications of theMoon,

are as extensive or detailed as Kelal Qatan. One
though
of these
tract written no additional
one Pinhas of Narbonne, whom concerning by Two copies have been identified: information. written 2, ff.- 198b-199a, and Bodleian Oxford, century; heb.
Boston, Countway Library of Medicine in a Proven?al hand of the fourteenth
Library, Hunt. Donat. 21 [= Neubauer

from around 1470.69 We here a
2130], ff. 296b-297a, dating
of its contents. present synopsis in its entirety is causally The sublunar world upon contingent in particular it is the Moon that the stars and planets. However, over to and Hence the author animals. decided holds sway plants the relationship investigate and human the lunar month between pathology. If we the He four seven-day his achieved of cycles results em a "natural"
pirically
and
(ba-nissayon).A key distinction

disease.
is drawn between "natural"

correctly,
"accidental"
understand
illness is one inwhich the increase in bodily fluids (which, accord ing tomedieval medical theory, causes diseases) is synchronie with the increase in the size of the lunar disc; if the case is otherwise,
is labeled then, the disease course of the synodic month, "accidental." offering The medical author advice, follows especially the
with
regard to purging
If the disease will even
(in its various forms).
the disease day?and
the first two days. The patient should adhere to a healthy regimen in the first three phases of theMoon and beware of everything that
is harmful occurs and heavy; there in the middle that is, from a If the physician. two the Moon of the first phases, when is that disease the second day onward, is no need to consult
occurs on the first of the Moon, day of the phases on the third In this case only purgation be natural. on but not on the fourth day?will be useful, better
disease
is increasing;
called accidental. If purgation takes place at the beginning of the disease, the patient will be healed quickly. But if one waits for one or two days, the disease and the nature of the patient will be of
the same means Therefore, strength. When of purgation. the last two phases of Moon, his nature the disease when should occurs be strengthened by in the middle of the and the patient
it is decreasing,
is purged at the beginning of the disease, he will be cured before the arrival of theNew Moon. If a disease occurs in the fourth phase
take place on the very same day, for should of the Moon, purgation in the patient will be otherwise grave danger. The author concludes
Introduction
23
by remarking that these general rules only hold good for chronic
diseases but not for quartan and tertian fevers.
As for the four quarters of theMoon, if the disease happens in the first quarter it is called natural and if it happens in themiddle quarters it is called accidental. If it happens in the beginning of the first quarter or when theMoon is full and purgation takes place on the first or second day, it is dangerous. But if the purgation takes place after the first two days, the patient will be cured. If the dis
ease occurs on the fourth than nature and overcome matter day, the sickening it. If there is no purgation will be stronger sweat, through
blood, or vomit on the third, fourth, fifth, or seventh day before the New Moon, there is no hope for the patient. If the disease occurs in themiddle of the first or second quarters and purgation takes place on the first or second day, it is a good sign; the patient will be cured without any delay. But if no purgation takes place on these days it is
dangerous because one should nature not is then overcome because by the accident and the
superfluities^).
quarters, in any case with Let us now our subject. An
If the disease happens

despair or without briefly purgation
in themiddle
of the last two
the patient will be cured before the New Moon. materials found related in amanu to
survey other manuscript medical anonymous compendium
script at Cambridge
tween medicinal plants
(CUL Add.
and
1022.2) discusses
facets
connections
be
the stars. Two
are spelled out: the days of the lunar month
of the relationship
during which
a given
to be harvested, and the association that plant between plant ought and one of the seven planets. Moreover, the writer raises some of
the issues connected with

one of the knottier course, In his concluding Said problems in the specific medical remarks
the theory of specific qualities

of medieval science. He attributed properties a he voices healthy skepticism
(segullot),
is interested, of to certain plants. (f. 5b):
the author: See now, I have written I this, not because am a believer, but rather in order to know the nature of the secrets of the lofty [bodies?] and the nature of the wonders His name Iwanted are with exists a be blessed, to speak to us proof today, in for this;
of the reality that God created?may over everything. He who has potency the accomplished who philosophers to query them whether or whether it is sensed and order there
(muhash u-mefursam) accepted no It would rather them, so that it requires among proof. have the proof of segullot, for which the natural philosopher can find no nature, as Ibn Rushd said.
the segulla is a function of the propor tion of the elements up the plant. The possible proportions making so also are are infinite. is unknowable The infinite and, therefore, Our author asserts that the causes There structure more Note than of the segullot.70 are a number of collections of a treatise collected of pieces of advice, most of
them relating tomedical
astrology. They do not exhibit the literary
as not be viewed should and, in our view, are found in Oxford, notes. Examples Bodleian astrological the former recommendations has advice on that are not the lat interest
Library, Marsh
that both connected
410, ff. 81a-84b and Escorial G-IV-9, ff. 144b-145b.

include gardening,
to medicine:
ter on clothesmaking. we would Finally,
like to call attention
to an extremely
ing Hebrew
of Tortosa. medicine.
text by the physician

Shem
and translator Shem Tov b. Isaac
a on Tov did not produce astrological monograph at in to the introduction several However, junctures Sefer a translation of al-Zahr?w?'s some in 1254, he offers are some interest special and Kit??b al-tasr?f which observations important he conducted One he on
ha-Shimmush, to write began Of
the subject. in order to isolate Two the seasons. which airs
elements
experiments test supposed astral factors. a central role in Shem Tov's play use of astrology cause diseases.
analysis. in order
is the air which we breathe and its corruption

have made Physicians are wholesome and which that diseases have
through changes
in
to learn
Hippocrates causes heavenly (yesh ba-holi'im a have should and that therefore physician shemeymi'im) under This is the reasoning of the effects of the planets. knowledge is not a small part of "that his well-known astronomy saying, lying effect of the planets the about medicine."71 corrupting Knowledge already devarim stated the air in the different for a physician perative of the superfluous patient ample, planets before when that on seasons because humor of the year is?as he remarks?im the body of a then he can purify receives that effect. For ex which
on the basis of the motion of the knows the physician he and air make the hot, dry, burning, extremely they inflamed. as much Moreover, as possible. he should moisten and cool
should purify the body of a patient of any superfluous yellow bile

it becomes humors the other These preventive measures
will safeguard the patient from developing a high fever as a result of the ambient heat and its potential effect on any bilious superflu ity in his or her body.72 The second central element is themotion of theMoon through the signs of the zodiac. Shem Tov credits Galen with the discovery
that the "movements" of diseases always follow the motion of the
Introduction
25
Moon.73
and should know the nature physician so and times of the of the zodiac the of the Moon's signs strength so a in not that he will to each be careful administer sign journ strong For this
reason
purgative when
theMoon
the Moon has a
is in a cold and dry sign or in a hot and

is in a hot effect strong and dry sign, even a small and weakens one's strength.
dry sign. For when amount of purgative
Conversely, when it is in a cold and dry sign it tends to solidify the bodily fluids. Hence even a large amount of a purgative has little
or no ous other it will be accompanied and, in addition, to resistant (obstinate, treatment?-mamrin) pains effect, symptoms. by continu and aches and
It is here that Shem Tov describes his own endeavors to verify this point. He admits that he had thought light of this rule. In or
der aches to test it he gave a purgative to a patient when the Moon was
in Capricorn
(a cold wet sign). Indeed, the patient was afflicted by
in his stomach, and obstinate and feebleness, (mamrin) pains an urge to vomit. However, had moved after the Moon from Cap some of the same ricorn into Aquarius (a warm wet sign), he gave
drug to another patient.

none of this of those lesson afflictions and
It did not have a bad effect on him and

occurred remember to him. On the basis of this em
pirical verification,
Shem Tov admonishes
physicians
to take heed
always art.74 Moreover, part of the medical know the signs the Moon is in for every at the time.75 drug appropriate Talismanic cures certainly have
that astrology is an important an effort to should make they month and administer since the tim a
an astral
basis,
ing of the placement of the talisman and the figures engraved upon it are decided upon by astrological considerations. This type of healing, however, is essentially different from the kind under con
sideration relies solely here. upon Kelal it appertains, and the genre to which Qatan, standard for the most med is, (that part, Galenic)
ical theory for the type of treatment to be employed: phlebotomy,

etc. Astrology enters only as a means of deciding when, the treatment. talismanic not, to administer contrast, By a medicine mode of treatment?that is, employs totally different we talismans. summarize the little informa here Nonetheless, may purgation, or when
tion we have concerning Jewish interest in this form of therapy.

Thus come to our far only one Hebrew attention: Megillat not a translation. treatise on talismanic preserved of two medicine uniquely series of twelve is governed has in ha-Setarim, It consists
Paris, BNF h?b 1051, ff. 108a-177. This appears to be the work
a Jewish writer,
of
paragraphs,
each of which
the author
is devoted
states which
to one of the zodiacal signs.

bodily organ
In the first series,
by the sign and describes the figure to be drawn on the talisman. The
of the talisman, rules for the application prescribes its data for the full necessary empowerment. astrological providing we know of only one report of an actual use of tal Likewise, second series
ismans by Jewish physicians. Around

cians used in Montpellier?among astrological image talismans of a woman with them R. for medical
the year 1300 Jewish physi

Isaac de Lattes?reportedly An example purposes. of
such a talisman is the famous "Lion sigil," made

engraved its effect, riding was
of gold with
a tongue. The
the
It
on a lion without recommended.
was supposed
to bring relief to an ailing right kidney. To strengthen

mastic practice
is reported and severely criticized by Abba Mari in a letter to R. Sol omon ben Adret (Rashba) of Barcelona.76
mass such disasters, concerning Astrological prognostications our are also as the Black Death, to Kelal related only distantly topic. or uncommon common ailments that can affect any Qatan addresses one at any time, and the the timing recommends invoked astrology
fumigation
of therapy applied to individual cases. As such ithas little if anything

or post facto in common with astrological predictions, explanations, Narboni and philosopher Moses events. The physician of large-scale con to all who three major is one of many faiths, scholars, belonging a the pestilential outbreak with nected Jupiter-Saturn conjunction.77 us to the leads conclusions. Our following Astrology study
played aminor role in Jewish medical practice. Itsmain application was in choosing proper times for bloodletting or other forms of pur
gation. tween burst as well. those Theoretical the lunar of interest This to the connection be limited mostly a was There and human significant pathology. cycle es in southern France and Catalonia, in the subject interest was
pecially during the fourteenth century; this is true for Latin medicine
Tov Ben Villanova The most the works of Shem is reflected in, for instance, activity and in authors of Narbonne Isaac and Pinhas Jewish among and Arnau of Bernard de Gordon, of Bruges, of Bartholomew among their non-Jewish of the Hebrew counterparts. treatises, David and Ben Yom one Tov to at
fits very well
into this scheme, geographically
and chronologically.
the only
interesting is the one we
tain any significant circulation, judging from the number of extant

copies, publish here, David Ben Yom Tov's Kelal Qatan.
Postscript: Astral
One cussed
Indications
for Ailments
of the Eyes
dis in the chapter from the Tetrabiblos element peculiar a presence in Hebrew letters: have above however, does, for ailments of the eyes. of the astral indicators exposition Ptolemy's
Introduction
27
Here,
in this chapter, Ptolemy marks the role played and zodiacal constel stars; elsewhere, by specific only planets are named. one lations in "For blindness declares, eye is Ptolemy and here alone fixed
brought about when
the moon
by itself is upon the aforesaid an
or is in or is full, and when it is in another conjunction, aspect gles, to the sun, but to one of the star clusters that bears a relation applies as for in the zodiac, to the cluster in Cancer, and to the example to the arrow point of Sagittarius, Pleiades of Taurus, to the sting of Scorpio, pitcher to the parts of Aquarius of Leo .. ,"78 around the Coma Berenices, or to the
Several manuscript
copies of the tables of Abraham Bar Hiyya

contain or another, a set of three short lists of star two for the eyes.79 The first
(eleventh century, Barcelona) in one way lists that signify,
exhibit information that is not to be found at all in the Tetrabiblos. The last bears a double caption. On the right it reads, "The names of the figures that signify for theweakening of eyesight, according to
the astrologers to them, these and, according (hakhemei ha-nissayon) are listed un star names do not move Fifteen degrees (mitgalgalot)." and some of them correspond to the information derneath, roughly
provided by Ptolemy
listed is "Pleiades
in the passage cited above. Thus the first star
of Taurus"; the arrow point of Sagit are also the sting of Scorpio, and the pitcher of Aquarius tarius, as noted, Bar Hiyya listed. However, stars or lists a total of fifteen on in asterisms. the column the is headed, Moreover, left, which in the sign "The measure in degrees of the stars that have the capacity to sig
nify the weakening of eyesight when they are in opposition to the luminaries," supplies the longitudes for the stars listed to the right. No longitudinal values at all are displayed in the Tetrabiblos.
Bar Hiyya's a group table corresponds much more closely with are an of stars, whose in astro anonymous longitudes specified, tract from the 379. The of interest reads: "When year passage logical
themoon
is in the node and especially when

at these these is not places and they also when places,
its light iswaning

the sun and dim
or in
the Ascendant near position though places there are,
is in a similar even the eyes, stars. These is between the
especially,
any testimony the cluster
damage of the maleficent of Cancer, which
eleventh and the fourteenth degree, the Pleiades of Taurus, from the fourth to the sixth degree, the arrow point of Sagittarius, at
about the seventh degree of Sagittarius, the nebulosa which is near
the eye of Sagittarius that lies in the twenty-eighth degree of this sign, Scorpio's sting which is in the thirtieth degree of this sign,
the Coma degree, Berenices and of Leo-the one southern one the northern at the thirtieth at the twenty-seventh of Virgo?the degree
pitcher of Aquarius from the seventeenth to the eighteenth degree and the spine of Capricorn from the twenty-fifth to the twenty eighth degree."80 Nonetheless, only about half of Bar Hiyya's stars
are have here given identified as well. We in which noted shall any further comparison Bar Hiyya's tables are presented defer publication in full.81 For now it suf to a future the two other tables (not to mention no other and the source), longitudes for which occasionally we
differ
fices to observe
fourteen
that Bar Hiyya's

manuscript copies.
tables circulated widely;

David Kalonymous,
I have
working
in Bari, used the Alphonsine Tables in order to update the tables for the year 1496.82 Other than this, however, there is no sign that
these no traditions terest. Unlike of prognostication the lunar phase-critical for the eyes day regard generated teachings, to courses they of action any in can offer that
to the physician with guidance or avoided. should be pursued Notes
1. Ptolemy, Tetrabiblos, edited and translated by RE. Robbins cal Library) (Cambridge, USA, and London, 1971), p. 35.
2. Ibid., p. 45.
(Loeb Classi
3. Hippocrates, with an English translation by W.H.S. Jones, 4 vols. (London and New York, 1923-31) vol. 4, p. 115; see n. 2 for criticism of previous translations. 4. This summary is based on the translation of Shem Tov b. Isaac of Tor tosa, completed in 1267, and found uniquely inNew York, JTSAMS 2720, ff. 13a-b. Hinrich Biesterfeldt and Tzvi Langermann hope to publish soon a preliminary
study of Palladius' 5. Tamsyn commentary, S. Barton, Power to be followed by a full edition and analysis. and Med and Knowledge: Astrology, Physiognomies,
icine under theRoman Empire (Ann Arbor, 1994), p. 54. Barton's criticism is directed specifically at Vivian Nutton in his edition of Galen's De Praecognitione, CorpusMedi
corum of which Graecorum are 5.8.1. only extant 1979). For a detailed (Berlin, study see Gerald in Arabic, J. Toomer, of the relevant on texts, some and "Galen Astrology
History of theExact Sciences 32 (1985), 193-206. Astrologers," Archive for the 6. P.J. Singer, "Levels of Explanation inGalen," Classical Quarterly 47 (1997),
525-542.
7. See Moritz Steinschneider, Die hebraeischen Uebersetzungen desMittelalters und die Guden als Dolmetscher (hereafter HU) (Berlin, 1893), pp. 654-656. 8. Fuat Sezgin, Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums, III, 149, lists two other
manuscripts, both at Teheran.
9. The following manuscripts have been consulted: Parma, Palatina 2919, f.-118b; Vienna cod. heb. 29, f. 203a; Paris BNF h?b 884.Manuscripts of the Hebrew translation are discussed by Steinschneider, HU, pp. 654-656. (Jerusalem, 10. S. Sambursky and S. Pines, The Concept of Time in Late Neoplatonism 1987), glossary (p. 115) and, e.g., citing Iamblichus, top of pp. 28-29.
Introduction
29
11. See, e.g., W.K.C. Guthrie, A History of Greek Philosophy, vol. 1, The earlier Presocratics and thePythagoreans (Cambridge, 1962), pp. 247-248. 12. See the sources discussed by G.E.R. Lloyd, The Revolutions ofWisdom: Studies in theClaims and Practice ofAncient Greek Science (Berkeley, 1987), pp.-264-270. Add to them the extensive discussion in Hippocrates, On Fleshes, section 19, in Hippocrates, vol. VIII, edited and translated by Paul Potter (Cambridge and Lon don, 1995), pp. 158-165. 13. Celsus, De medicina, with an English translation by W.G. Spencer (Cam bridge and London, I960), I, p. 241. 14. This is stated explicitly in ch. 27 of On Hebdomads (W.H. Roscher, Die hippokratische Schrift von der Siebenzahl in ihrer vierfachen Ueberlieferung, Paderborn, 1913, pp. 46-48); cf. Lloyd, Revolutions (n. 10 above), p. 270 n. 190. 15. Leofranc Holford-Strevens, "The Harmonious Pulse/' Classical Quarterly 43 (1999) 475-497, at 477-478. 16. 'Al?b. Rabban al-Tabar?, Firdaws al-hikma, ed. M.Z. Siddiqi (Berlin, 1928, pp. 310-311), moves smoothly from the hebdomads, which he cites in the name of Hippocrates, into a theoretical connection between themoon's phases and the of diseases progress (310:12 11.); but no such connection is found in the Hippo cratic source, and the conflation is a product of the developments in late antiquity
and early Islam, of which we are speaking here.
17. Hippocrates, translated by W.H.S. Jones, vol. 1 (Cambridge and London, 1972), p. 73. 18. The Theology ofArithmetic, translated by Robin Waterfield (Grand Rapids, 1988), p. 99. 19. The text adds here the following highly intriguing remark: "For this rea son he [Galen] lambasted (na'as)many tracts of Aristotle's followers who are called
Peripatetics." 20. See e.g. Galen, On Antecedent Causes, edited with an introduction, trans
lation, and commentary by R.J. Hankinson (Cambridge, 1998); and Singer, "Levels of Explanation inGalen" (n. 6 above). Note that neither study makes any reference at all to astrology and the possible role of the moon as a cause, since this is not an
important theme for Galen.
21. From "My own books," 1997), p. 15.

22. Singer does not capitalize,
in P.J. Singer, Galen: Selected Works

italicize, annotate, or indicate
(Oxford,
other
in any
way that Galen is referring here to an extant work or one that is known elsewhere by title. No citations from the Therapeutike are found in the extensive notes or
appendices 23. to Roscher's Note e.g. work the Arabic on the Hebdomads. of pseudo-Galen to On Hebdomads, commentary
MS Munich, cod. arab. 802, extracts of which are published in Roscher, preserved in I. appendix 24. What little information there is on this translator can be found in Stein
schneider, HU, p. 654.
25. Tetrabiblos, I, 3, trans. Robbins, p. 31 (substituting "temperaments" (synkraseis) for "temperatures" ). "This faculty of the art" refers to prognostication. 26. Barton, Knowledge and Power (n. 5 above), p. 54.
30 Hebrew Medical Astrology, David Ben Yom Tov, Kelal Qatan 27. Tetrabiblos, p. 33.
28. Ibid., p. 327.
29. The only discussion of the topic remains that of Steinschneider, HU, pp .-525-527. On Midrash Hokhmah see the articles by Resianne Fontaine, Tony Levy, and Y. Tzvi Langermann in Steven Harvey (ed.), TheMedieval Hebrew Encyclopedias of Science and Philosophy (Dordrecht, 2000). For purposes of the present study, Ox ford, Bodleian MS Michael 551 has been consulted. 30. Felix Klein-Franke, Iatromathematics in Islam, (Hildesheim, 1984), p. 66 (translation slightly altered), citing from Hephaestio Thebanus, Apotelesmatica, ed. David Pingree, 2-vols. (Leipzig, 1973-4), I, p. 290. 31. It is interesting to compare Abu Ja'far's claim that physicians, in decid ing upon the temporal dimension of fevers, had at their disposal empirical data but no theoretical nexus within to place them, with Mirko D. Grmek's criticism in his highly acclaimed book, Diseases in the of unnamed historians of medicine Ancient GreekWorld (translated from the French by Mireille Muellner and Leonard Muellner, Baltimore and London, 1989), p. 295: "However, the logical process by which the Hippocratic physician constructs his clinical picture only appears to be
a matter of pure induction. His glance is not as "virginal" or "objective" as numer
ous historians of medicine is organized on the say it is.Actually, his nosography and risky hypothetical generaliza basis of the various theoretical presuppositions
tions that also underlie his nosology."
32. The Hebrew translations are discussed by Steinschneider, HU, pp. 527 531. Steinschneider established the authorship in a lengthy study, "Yusuf ben Ibra him und Ahmed ibn Yusuf," Biblioteca Mathematica, new series 2 (1888), 49-117. A
list of manuscripts of the Arabic original, and some other information as well, can
be found in Fuat Sezgin, Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums, vol. VII (Leiden, 1979), p. 157. Tzvi Langermann has also identified a version of the Centiloquium with
an extensive commentary, Spanish or Portuguese in Hebrew characters, in MS St.
Petersburg, Academy C 76, ff. 142a-193a. 33. Ihave relied primarily on MS Oxford, Oppenheim
bauer There version as well I consulted ff. 63a-65b. 2009], are no Hebrew of manuscript copies that includes Abu Ja'far's commentary. 34. Hebrew, bi-gvulo. However, this MS Vatican the Centiloquium
763 [=catalogue Neu

ebr. 382, alone; ff. 118a-119a. all contain a
seems
to be
a mistake,
as neither
the sun
nor the moon have "limits" in the signs. The correct term (found in the Latin) is "domain", which inArabic is hayyiz, and may possibly have been confused with the two words may appear to be similar. A star's hadd ("limit"); orthographically
being nine in its domain in a feminine 35. the first For means sign. "centers", "kentron" must which = "angle" mean in Greek?in the same Abu as "angles" Ma'shar in (8 in that a masculine planet is in a masculine sign, a femi
the moon's
paragraph?and
number), 'Umar ibn al-Farrukh?n and Ibn ab?-1-Rij?l (12) and al-Kind? (16), see Middle Ages (London, G. Bos and C. Burnett, Scientific Weather Forecasting in the are in also identified the Latin translations "Center" and 2000), pp.-342-4. "angle" of verbum 60, which agree with the Hebrew, and not with the shorter Greek text. 36. Richard Lemay, "Origin and Success of the Kitab Thamara of Abu Ja'far ibn Y?suf ibn Ibrahim," Proceedings of the First International Symposium for theHis tory of Arabic Science (Aleppo, 1978), 91-107; Sezgin, op. cit., pp. 44-45, asserts
Introduction
31
that the Centiloquium is certainly not a product of Arabic science, though it is the first known astrological treatise to have been translated into Arabic. Basic textual problems, including the dating of the Greek version, remain unresolved; see most
recently, loquio Mich?le Rinaldi, "Pontano, At pseudo-tolemico," ed il Graecus Trapezunzio ti delta Accademia N.S. Pontaniana, del Centi Interpres anno accademico 48,
1999 (Napoli, 2000), 127-171. 37. The richest discussion of this topic is to be found in Klein-Franke, latromathematics (n. 30 above), which publishes, inter alia, extracts from Ab? Ma'shar's Great Introduction toAstrology in Hebrew translation (from MS Paris, BNF heb 1034).
38. See, e.g., passage 33 and our note there.
indicate within parentheses page numbers in the easily available and adequate, though far from faultless, printed version in Sefer Mishpatei ha-Kokhavim, a collection of Ibn Ezra's astrological treatises issued by Meir Baqal (Jerusalem, 1971). We have consulted a few of themany dozens of manuscript copies of thiswork.
40. moth, a See Y. Tzvi Langermann, Thirteenth-Century and "Cosmology Cosmogony on the Torah," Harvard Commentary in Doresh Theological Reshu Review
39. We
97 (2004), 199-227. 41. Mark J.Geller, "Akkadian Healing Therapies in the Babylonian Talmud," Max-Planck Institut furWissenschaftsgeschichte, preprint 259 (2004), pp.-56-57. However, Hippocrates (Epidemics, cited by Grmek, n. 29 above, p. 294) observed in
one of his patients that "Exacerbations occurred on even days." In astrology even
is always associated with
feminine, odd with masculine.
42. See Lloyd, Revolutions (n. 10 above), pp. 265-266. 43. Klein-Franke, latromathematics (n. 28 above), p. 69. 44. Cited by Lloyd, Revolutions (n. 12 above), p. 268. 45. Ibn Ezra invariably speaks of the limit (gevul) of the illness, rather than
its crisis. However, the two terms are interchangeable, at least when speaking of
acute diseases, as Galen himself remarks in his On Regimen inAcute Diseases; see Medicine, On Cohesive Causes, On Regimen inAcute Diseases Galen, On the Parts of in accordance with the Theories ofHippocrates, ed. and transM. Lyons (Berlin, 1969),
p. 82.
46. See Raphael Levy, The Astrological Works ofAbraham ibn Ezra, Baltimore, 1927, pp. 50-51 (Levy wrongly dates the Ratdolt edition to 1485). For manuscripts
of the Latin translations of the Sefer ha-Me'orot see L. Thorndike, 'The Latin Trans
lations of the Astrological (at p. 300).
Tracts of Abraham Avenezra',
Isis, 35,1944, pp. 293-302
47. On David Ben Yom Tov ibn Bilia cf. Encyclopaedia Judaica VIII, col. 1158; Steinschneider, HU, par. 502 (p. 806): David ibn Bilia (oder Villa) b. Yomtob. In stead of Ibn Bilia we find Ibn (Ben) Bila (Billa) in:M. Kayserling, Geschichte der Juden in Portugal (Leipzig, 1867), p. 68; Kelalei ha-Higgayon (MS Bodleian, Mich. in the Bodleian Library 88); Adolph Neubauer, Catalogue of theHebrew Manuscripts (Oxford, 1886, repr. 1994), no. 2168: "R.David Ben R. Yom Tov ha-mekhunneh Ben Bila mi-malkhut Portugal"; Neubauer, ibid.: "David ibn Bila's treatise on logic": Librorum Hebraeorum in Bibliotheca Bodleiana (Berlin, Steinschneider, Catalogus 1852-1860, repr. Hildesheim 1964), p.-858: "Billa seu Villa proposui" (referring to J?dische Literatur desMittelalters, pp.-398, 434). to H. Gross (Gallia According
32 Hebrew Medical Astrology, David Ben Yom Tov, Kelal Qatan Judaica. Dictionnaire g?ographique de la France d'apr?s les sources Rabbiniques (Paris, 1897), p. 471) the attribution of Kelal Qatan to David Ben Yom Tov (Poel) is an error since the true author isDavid ben Yomtob ibn Billa. 48. Kelal Qatan calls the author: David Ben Yom Tov (MS H) David Ben Rabbi Yom Tov Po'el (MSS UJ?) and David Ben Rabbi Yom Tov Po'el ha-humi (1).
49. Ace. to Gross, Gallia Judaica, p. 471: "Le nom correct et complet est: "Jacob
ben David ben Yomtob Po?l, appel? Sen Bonet Bongoron ou Bonjorn." 50. See now the book-length study of Jos? Chab?s, L'Astronom?a de Jacob ben David Bonjorn (Barcelona, 1992), especially chapter two, on the three generations of the Bonjorn family. Steinschneider, Catalogas Librorum Hebraeorum in Bibliotheca Bodleiana, p. 858: "Forsan Nostri filius est astronomus Jakob b. David Bong'oron b. Jomtob Poel?"; cf. HU, par. 387, pp. 614-616.
51. However, Eduard Feliu has cast doubt in a personal communication
with Maud Kozodoy on the identification of the addressee of the satire with David Bonet Bonjorn and suggests that the satire was not intended for him. We thank
Maud Kozodoy for her extensive correspondence in this matter.
under
52. Neubauer, Catalogue, and Supplement ofAddenda and Corrigenda compiled the direction of Malachi Beit-Ari? and edited by R.A. May (Oxford, 1994); Steinschneider, HU, par. 423, pp. 665-666.
53. Zotenberg, H. (ed.), Catalogues desManuscrits H?breux et Samaritains de la Biblioth?que Imp?riale (Paris, 1866).
54. See Burnett's edition in this volume.
see Y. Tzvi Langermann, 55. For a detailed discussion of this manuscript, "Hebrew Astronomy: Deep Soundings from a Rich Tradition," in Helaine Selin (ed.) Astronomy Across Cultures (Dordrecht, 2000), 555-584, esp. p. 576.
56. Haskell D. Isaacs, "Arabic medical literature," in M.J.L. Young, J.D.
Latham, and R.B. Serjeant, Religion, Learning, and Science in the 'Abbasid Period (Cambridge, 1990), p. 363. in Cambridge 57. Haskell D. Isaacs, Medical and Para-Medical Manuscripts Genizah Collections (Cambridge, 1994). There are considerably more entries in the
indices not under any to have "astrology," connection but upon inspection to medicine. the great majority of these turn out
58. Bernard R. Goldstein and David Pingree, "Horoscopes from the Cairo Genizah," Journal ofNear Eastern Studies 36(1977), 113-144; "Astrological Alma nacs from the Cairo Geniza," Journal ofNear Eastern Studies 38 (1979), 153-171 and from the Cairo Genizah," Proceedings of theAmerican 231-256; "More Horoscopes 125 (1981), 155-189; "Additional Astrological Almanacs from Philosophical Society the Cairo Geniza," Journal of theAmerican Oriental Society 103(1983), 673-690. 59. Cf. Steinschneider, HU, p. 727. 60. Cf. Steinschneider, HU, p. 788. 61. Mar Shmuel's
62. See Y. Tzvi
rules are given
in Babylonian Talmud, Shabbat 129b.

Repudiation of Astrology," Mai
Langermann,
"Maimonides'
monidean Studies 2 (1991), 123-158.

63. See Bernard Goldstein, "Descriptions of Astronomical Instruments
inHebrew,"
in David A. King and George
Saliba (eds.), From Deferent
to Equant:
Introduction
33
A-Volume of Studies inHistory of Science in theAncient andMedieval Near East in Honor ofE.S. Kennedy (New York, 1987), pp. 105-141, at p. 121. 64. Burnett's translation of the Greek in Prognostica LI (7), ed. H. Kuehlwein, Hippocratis opera, I, Leipzig, 1884, p. 79 is "There is something divine that a doctor
should know." 65. HU, pp. 782-3.
66. HU, p. 783. Relying only upon a catalogue description, Steinschneider suggested that another short tract, bearing the titleMegillat ha-Setarim and extant in a single manuscript (Paris, BNF h?b 1051, ff. 108-117), is identical with Cabret's epitome. This turns out to be incorrect; Megillat ha-Setarim in fact deals with talis manic medicine. A brief synopsis is provided below. 67. Danielle Jacquart, "Bernard de Gordon et l'astrologie," Centaurus 45 (2003) [Bernard R. Goldstein Festschrift], 151-158. 68. HU, pp. 785-788. Steinschneider 's lists have been considerably aug mented by the staff of the Institute ofMicrofilmed Hebrew Manuscripts, Jerusalem.
69. she-hibber See Neubauer, R. Pinhas Catalogue, z"l mi-Narbona" no. 2130. The texts of starts the with: "Kelal which ma'amar was com (Summary treatise
posed by R. Pinhas of Narbonne of blessed memory). It is thus not fragmentary as stated by Neubauer and Gross (Gallia Judaica, p. 430). 70. On segullot see Y. Tzvi Langermann, "Gersonides on theMagnet and the Heat of the Sun," in Gad Freudenthal (ed.), Studies on Gersonides (Leiden, 1992), 267-284 [reprinted in idem, The Jews and the Sciences in the Middle Ages, Aldershot, 199], esp. pp. 273-274 and note 7, which cites another analogy between themath ematically unknowable and segullot. For Ibn Rushd's views see the chapter, "ff al kh?ssiyya," in his al-Kulliyy?t (Algiers, 1989), pp. 233-241; that chapter deserves a
study of its own.
71. Cf. Hippocrates,

tion of astronomy
Airs, Waters, Places II (trans. Jones, p. 73): "the contribu

is not a very small one"; Abu Ma'shar quotes the
to medicine
same sentence from Hippocrates in Great Introduction bk I, ch. 5 [38], and continues in this chapter and the next to show the importance of a knowledge of astrology
for the Franke, The physician. latromathematics relevant in Islam sections (no. are translated p. 131. as an appendix in F. Klein 30 above),
72. MS Paris BNF 1162 (p. 7, col. b; own pagination). 73. MS Paris BNF 1162 (p. 3, col. a). 74. Compare the experiment performed by Bernard de Gordon, described by Jacquart, p. 152.Note also Gersonides' procedure aimed at isolating and thereby
identifying an astrological factor, described by Tzvi
sonides on Astrology," appended to Levi ben Gershom, The Wars of the Lord, trans lated by Seymour Feldman, vol. 3 (Philadelphia and New York, 1999), p.-510. 75. MS Paris BNF 1162 (p. 5, col. a); cf. p. 8 (col. a) where he remarks that a physician should have knowledge of the mansions of theMoon and the four sea
sons of the year with their appropriate regimen.
Langermann
in his
essay,
"Ger
76. Sefer Minhat qena'ot, pp. 20-21, 32. Our report is based upon Joseph Shatzmiller, "In search of the "Book of Figures": Medicine and astrology inMont pellier at the turn of the fourteenth century," AJS Review, vol. 7-8 (1982-1983), 383-107.
34 Hebrew Medical Astrology, David Ben Yom Tov, Kelal Qatan 77. Gerrit Bos, "R.Moshe Narboni, Philosopher Encounters, vol. 1, no. 2 (1995): 219-251; pp. 240-243. 78. Tetrabiblos (Robbins), p. 321. and physician," Medieval
79. In fact there are four tables; our remarks here are based upon the tables inMS Chicago, Newberry Library, Or. 101, ff. 81b-83a. The third of these, accord ing to the caption, does not signify for the eyes, but rather indicates death or ill ness. See also the following note. Langermann hopes to publish these tables in a
separate 80. study. F. Cumont et al., Corpus Codicorum Astrologorum Graecorum, vol. 5.1,
pp. 208-209; English
translation with helpful notes accessible on-line at ?http://

slightly modified here.
www.cieloterra.it/eng/eng.testi.379/eng.379.html?,
81. Still we note in passing that the table displayed in al-Biruni's al-Tafhlm, (TheBook of Instruction in the Elements ofAstrology, translated by R. Ramsay Wright, London, 1934, pp. 274-275) resembles that of Bar Hiyya but is not identical with it, nor is it identical to the classical sources discussed above. 82. The manuscript (Parma De Rossi 336) is described very fully in Benja min Richler, Hebrew Manuscripts in the Biblioteca Palatina inParma (Jerusalem, 2001),
pp. 435-436.
Chapter Two Original Hebrew Text
6ot?ivi\y 5rmi3n\y 4iNnnn 9>iwi o\yn !?o ?np> onoi
m dnd 3~\2ov ><? [l] 2iiu op lyi 8npi?:ton nrm!? 7jnyoYO niDinn
onoiDn nooni .>u\yn >pqo n>n po 10m>N oto pt?nn >i >uwi 12ins> on ivn o>rm oinyi p>yii odqn ruo? n>3vvn ">bmn !wmw-nn nona mut^n pi 10 nvwin nn>m ?ân >mo p>vji 14odon 13nNi2in jon!??! >iw nwmn !w >i?inn n>n>\y o?n 17n>m> roui? 16t?D> 15*wn n?n ?limn morviin 19JiDDno pi>nm nNiinn tonI?? >n ivDNton >n\y 18i?>n pi 22nyn>n 21i2inn 20ma!?\yn\y iooi [2] .not Dip ivn o>idid?i DTOW >1DD?N1?)in Omim D>\y>ND 23>V3011 DNI?in JONtol 27D^V3JiDD26pDni5i25o>t7^5n 24rmto!? tov
obvian 30rt>iy?o29min mrrfr w obvian 28Tfeu>a tnpb nirm ndiid np^^n yi>\y totvjo 32mni?vyQ p [3] 31m
33hd D>\y>Ni ovnovi
>v>a Ta
?p1
add. ut dicit Tolomeus
1 (!) >oinn add. \) >\ ^via add. a t?yia :3io2 in Centiloquio L nNnnn -od\!> V -\y :"nD\y3
add. a )vvn :?N3?in*
huius
seculi L
L h mus? ?jivmiiw5 :m:nnn oi>i>o\y V1 o^wn iwn :Di?y:i\y6 similes L a nvn\w :myn\y37 a m>^3^5D :iiv^jn8 in eis L ai om\y :Om >ii\yi9 vultus
add. m own :Hpn10
experimentalis seiende medicine
L *>ai nvvm
a îon
:>?>ynn
:i>i2>12
L i niwain
Om.
:riNiinn13
a :D30N14
35
on ny>7>n OHpnt? 5i>oi>now hoi ht ?w 4imv 3o^ysr)on mm .ijind!?? 87*o invn> i>y 7in> o>vnn 6in D>non o^nrm ooQN [4] oiorin 9>\wnd inN Nt> oa o>oonn p iriN pint? Nt> i?wo 14mN bDi oipnN 10>i? 13noN\y 12idd onsp no?nn\y 18o odd 15rorw moNbon 21<l>pn!?d^vond p ihn 20?n 19ip>so> n!? oon o>pt?m on i?yoto o>pi?nn omN 22ip>st?w n\ypN >nw pw to moiwn y>p Ntn o?wti h? 17nnN 16n>t?DT)!7
Jivn Dv [5] 25irpn\y 24?i>ton?> 23v^nbo>\wnd p mN ?n

>n 29mt> 28r)>pio onoD odrina t>\y27pbi manto 26i?vaii3\y 31D2n n*o> ONI 30in>Ti\yn <vpo o>wnh p tdk nsepw n\ysN 33.rmt 32^vi nwton nid
add. L sepe
? i?nn> 1 nbN >n\y 1 n>m :>n\y i^n ? n??N
:twD>16
:i>in>17 :t>N18
? TMbW
add. wa
tmt?VDV20
Nin nmnn21
(corrected
by a later hand
add.
above
the line)
omim
y*p\y :nvn>n22
:0>\y>Nn >vnmi23
1 o?\y>Nn
virtutes
L1 rob :rm24
? pDnt? oontn26 ? ??v?riQn 1o^y?nn :O^V?)riDn27

? T\t>W? 1 mon ?h mbivo? :??W?2S inn^n29 :ni?iv?o30
facer? L
? nt?w?? add. w onn
:m31
:hd33
:Jiiot?\yD32
? o>:mpn ? ht ??y mv \>m mv i?N emendation
L = p^n^ onnb1 disponere 1D>pimrn omipn :0>mpni2

? o>??y?mE :D^y?ri?n3
:m ?h udv4 Bos-Langermann L HnON tnin (udv =) dispositi (sci?t L =) ? yp :tOV5
Original Hebrew Text
37
(etL ? irot>Q mo 1 iTDN^m r\m om. v add.

H) o?n\y
=)?-1:1N6 ? inv nrp7 iriNDbo isd8

:>uone9
V) >n?
) nyi ?i?10
:0?nn\yn
Om. L :?lp11N M?tW 1?D12

1 D?IN :iriN14
add. L multum :rDiiN15 ?h rpôn w?ot?16

V IHN :?iriN17
nisi
cum multis
laboribus
et periculis
:D>mo>pt?m on >d18
? p>?t?> om. 1 p\ynt? ? WW :1p>3t?>19 Lh :?n20
:ii>pnt?21 :1p>?)t?^22
quia corda hominum
1 rp^n :n^DJ?24 L ornnw25 scientiarum ambarum sunt debilitata L :nmt?n l?ynrnw26 om. L :D>p7ponDD o^nriN b\yptn27 v rwpiv
om. L
i n>pipn
v mtn
:?ppto28
:?i?29
:nm..mt>
h p>nvyt? on>n\yn30
om. 1 :rnn31
correxit
?> tin i -pim :^V132 (?)N trm delevit N Jim :nm33
3toi rpm\y otn 2tob !Nin iwm [6] DODon noDDi VT>\yNan hxwv 4nid ovq pî o\y tvt o\y 9toN 8O?? 0>OVDbl [7] 710NJ\y 6?OD 51TDN^?!? >mDD Kin ONI wojw> ra o>yr>>n on>?i 13bvi 12ni o>viv on\y nn\yrw 10in ooniNDO ihn 14p?n [8] .on>\yvo nwvb o>iiyn m>rm DT 16WM30 1WN HNlim >St? HflVO ?WW 150>N>pl OHID?n xirt> u>N\y no >d 17n\yn\y 18Nflnn 7iD*>\y nm pp too it? owpom 23o?t?ji 19o>p\Mam o>lwiny?n ro>roi oi> oi> on o>3>3vn 22it>N\y >ffcoodoh 21noDn
-pyt y*p\ya T\UH noon
20^n rmpnm
7i\?*>i >JIVT 26>JN1 [9] .01 251T)NOto n>tol)\y HD 24OTP\yyi bm )VV y in n!w otnsro 31>d 30viN\y o?pN 19r? vin 28Nb 27noNi\y ioo 32>rmn oyi 1n?? 34>n\yn> p vm i>\yni> 33(?)>jun? oiy 36tin TiNtob 35>mTiyji [10] ui>n p>snt?
om. w rNin1
homini
add.
L :0*tn tot?2
W W n?ii -i :i?vn3 :Nin4
inmedicina
L H UDNto :irDNbnb5 om. L noNivy ied6
ad illos quos
medici vadunt L :iDb>8 :nno>viv onw inwnw in ni onnvn ?xh9 stellarum L credunt scire in scientia
et eorum
dicto vel consilio
in scientia stellarum L :nn12 se regunt in electione :on>iwo...i?n \> by ?yi13 opera sua L temporum ad faciendum Vu) mi?i :pbi14
Om. L :Ht 1PJ?U...OWpl t? ? o>N>pnn IMBU :OWpl15 :HTtt>JOn16
aliquid
sentir?
in dicta
scientia
inv.
:iPN\y
?
>diwnw17
11 :N?1in18 o>pvynm19
1 :D>N>pam
quia
in talibus
indiget
scientia
stellarum
:0>iiiDn ruoDn ^n20 ? tfmn tiiDDn21
U> Pniw :PN\y22 N (?)?VDT) :0>H>?J123 V DH>XDD
39
l? 2no ominan
onaono
vp np\yn\y
no ^?d uitwvy
ntVN 6?wn 5?]wv^ >ton 4miotoi >osvo nn 3no >jwm\y to 7ioini [11] ppn 10tom 9no \yon\ynb 87io:*>\y>o n7nv>3>
toi 15p 14oi> nv>i>\y 2(bnos\y ooion 13nvi\y moipo n\ynt? nton 12iot?\y
p noiNO 16? pN\y >ob^n TNOnbp m nyn>i [12] 730twn

19on\y ooion t?nn n!w >ot> in\ynn 18n\yonno vnaii [13] 17pyn
711 nnin n? dwn

24mbi no pipi? ooion n*T\y
[14] .23msp 71111 tno 22n!?p21omoipo

>ot?ovo tobiioi nyno no n\yp om\yn ??jnn!?25on 71??p
27jrtoipo itoN 26oo\ynD vn>\y in [15] >noNn om\yn 30i\y?N m oa 29iwn o>j\yi oon o>o>t> 28onn mbpi wvw mmto itoN n>n>\y ti?sp oj [16] .no o>yn>no o>rmp >oin miN>*m 31n n mr? 32n\i>N7ôi>Nn <iitn 337rr ?iwon 35moo
t> orwym add.
34n*p
:on>\yyi24
a o\?> nruo^Q25
Et propterea
volens
ei obedire
L
a
tin nNbob...^Ni26 :int>N\y

>iqni >i noN\y om. H :>i)0Ni\y27 :V1H Nt?28
D N^1 :N?729
ai yiN >i :yiN\y30
otnaro wai Nb o Dtnorow nab :Nbvy

t> >d nvn
>i31
:>nvn32
a opn vd? y>vrb >rp*i n!? >i :wa y>vrb (?) >roNQ33 Ui V3? i>vy;P >riNO
ai n\yriN t> >mpni mee :n> mnynw a >myrm om. iuxta scientie paucitatem L ritt >?d a iwn w :>n\yn>34 ^ninyî35 ai :Dn36
>?d :-\y na î1 r\t> om. inv. a nu n :nn2 nu3
^ >bnn rm om. La sine quo factum est nichil
mi4 :nivyyb >bnn

om. 1 :?ii\yyb5
add. L \> >iPn rrny? :in>NbNii6 add. a r?nn add. 1 >i :1qini7 volens L add. ai n:n>\y :*pos>\y8 a ppn toi :ppn tîn nn9 tractatu L :ppn t?bin10
yo :-\*)w>n a nyib 1 i>??n ^nsn
add.
v yi^\y 1 iiohv
:iQ??>\y12
\) tpiin
'tn ai nit?
>mi
nyiwn add.
:o>iinn a nsiny
nyiw13 :Ov14
passim in scientia
a o>iin n\y)onQ 1 o>ini
1pjo?wn astrologie
nranntt
:*pE)!wn1 -e oq15
om. V) :1??16
add. L
:omnn w om \> ina^\y
:pyn17
:on\y19 :in?*\y20
nrannD18
add. v
*px^NTOadd.
1pJDiwn p
ommptt m
iiivyn :0nu)ipX321
add. h iy -Tbp11
on fv) o 7i\w
cum almanaco add. L :nisp23 N^1 ai ib>nnt? on -p\?2Pi ?nnb on *pos>mbi24 Oiiwnn nyn>i n? bnn!? on *pus>mtn ^ ?înb Ideo est necesse uti computare
inv. om. a :P*n
illud L
ilV :ON25 o>i\ym26 moipXD27 >i :onn28
1 :Onn oonin v on h on
per
illos qui id computare
sciunt L: nn o>yii>n)o mbpi wvv

om.
ivusn m O} iwn29
h wv \> :i\yv\y :innb iw?n30 nmn31
quern
sistrenum
71133 H (?)l3p :11^p34 a (?)njpnn d?dd? :nmnn nara35
L 1 lin
:1\j>n32
41
00111m
[17] onôi otni>i nni?? >?i>in oin to 6toN >iso 5ipn 4nimto 3o>rmp\y ^ >si lONon m 8iw 7>minn onn mmtoo 119uoo pion no 10Nm ovoi [18] noi myrow >min 12io>N\yn>mni\y m noNon m 15>o ttcwp Nt>\y inN 71?:*> n!?i 18onn mmto 19o>irrno mNi oonin bN 14i>mim \yan?? lONon lONon m 17mno 13??n 16\y>\y
>vio irfcpi nspi omii om\y>t>\?n 03t>pi djinwi omin 2odon noNon mt? o^n^n
mtnon
viv itpi
h:oo
iwn nomn 00111 on>mi
omtovin
nyib pi lONon m ov moipo ooiim nvib ? iv?n n>n>\y 2hnNi [19] .20omun moipo itpi omwn ron >?)i nyit? oomn omin ooimo 22<ni lONon m iosy >?> 23o>DiN3n o>Dvn rn>nn to woiwn!? tov m 26i?n t?iN\yb 257i^>\y >too 24mNpntn o^\yi?\yotn rmpnt> .oonin noini ypt? ton 27p}\^Nn
om.
:?mn2
\) pnup\y a tnnp\y )p\y :P>i?ip\y3 :t?nmp\y3 mnun add. a omun add. 1 :Dinit?n4 a i>i ?xh6
v (nmsn*=) niotn :>nnnn7 a om. om. vu) a -?>?n8 -.uni?? :Nin10
-a 1 -t> ?n13
et adiunxi
dictum
sistrenum
L w -b mini
?h vnuni14
de duobus
modis
L
1 onn
:0>mn)o19
:omun20
om.
:D>iiun
oonn?
<ni V inN
>ai 1 ihn
>di oi>
toi
:<ni22
n?\yyi o>b\yb\y)oni o>p\yan nîi^ :iiiNpntn o>b\yb\yQ??i rmpnt> o>niNon23 a onun itp!?i rmpn??i D>t?\yb\ym o>niNon \) rmpnn convenientium L laxativis et vomitivis flebotomiis, purgationibus,
no mton
wonwnb uni .nomn
nsi>w ntom
>ob yivv
n>n>imN 5\9io
2onpNi iwn lONon no mtomn tint >toi oni wojw> ion> [21] inoi 10y 3n>n>\yi inN 1111 oy iinn\y inN to inNn <pmi ono <pmi ivn 730t?Nn ov 4jiminon inN to
!7m\y no ysmw inNi [20] mnn i>toc\y noi b>nriN lONon
nso> ooinno
?imito [22] .out oip <*1111b 8iin pi 7n>n>\yi Nin 6rpyoi s?p mo ?1019mtoo noioi toi 10mtoo [23] .14't?n>\y\y 13\?ioi 12i?p iwlw mono itot 17non>\y 16>?)?vn 15oion m onb \y>o>oion no 18?iina 19oni wab on mtoo pi n>n>w 101 [24]mnNb n!?n rpyoi to 010 m 22mn 21<i?>in mtoo 20nx 1111b 1111 25\ypnm o!w dio Nin\yi Nm\y 24ioi 1111 to 23ptn io>N\y Nm\y 11111 ion> [25] .o>oion inwi m 26n>n>\yi nin pu in inoi in iTii\y>b\y 29mn in 1111128mn 27nnn ibiio mini o>mm .i>!?noo> in inN 1111 ov iinmi iâi in m\y>to>ni
ov 32Diinnon mmtoo
viv m to
Vu mi
31o^3ni 30bn^ni
:DiNpnî24
1m? :*pos>\y25 add.
N rmpntn emendation
Bos-Langermann
add.
om. 1 pt? t?yi??in vhdsn :)vvi t>yn p^D^Nn alicuius L
V H (?)Nb?N26
?n a paran w paraNt? o>araNn27 :omiin nnini ypt? t?yn paraNn

1 *pos>\y z^n^vy1
vel unum
planetarum
t> nt?nn onpa *n :nbnn onpNi2 cum alio quando est :inN 5\n2 lay n>n>\?o3 cum ea vel eo in eodem signo L
om. L :*p?i?Nn oy nniinon4 :O105 :rpy>n6 :n>n>\?o7 a D1?1 om. Vu n>nny \>
\> 111 tO 1IHN 111lt> :1111?? mi8

add. v ni>N >sn Nini V) num >y>n ni>N did oio nri Nim :m!?y)D9 :DpyD10 add.
a n>vy>i7\yn oiQn
:n>\y>t>\y oiai11
add.
V) num nmN did Nini m^yQ

? DID add. w nmN >sn Nim nPyQ
:i?p12
:01XD113 :t?14 :Dl)0n15
a V2?2
43
toi 3yrm 2ny\y
!mran tinsi nbivn tnon Nip> noisn

viv in mmto >rwtob 5nw i\y?>N >ni bii} 111p no
[26]
i\yNi oi>n mv\yo mpi 7tno nnn\n 6nvo niyw mmbn 71310 NbN pib
71D0 in 4o>ton 71210 wown ntoo to <pim \y>\yNbN mN
tnon ntoi Nin\y 10>o Nip> noisn toi
[27] 9.o>ton 87ino in
in mmnNi\y 12.noisn 13Nip;n nun 14.7N3obNno vip nu 11 .m in imni) up ?ibyi nbiyn 15nnn ntoo 7111 yiv 17miiun mmbno 16vnn mnijn 19.7NJObNb 18mmnon
mnun ntny Nip> mtoo ô 21mn?>

.in> Nip> mbyo in ooion oonin nnN nnbb mm 0010 on\y
ntoo usb 20Nin\yn [28]
ntoo inN Nin\yn [29] .mni^n nbyo nn 23mto\yn nbyo Nb\yi nnbi 25nom 24mn pis on o>n>toon
<so 22mn?) mnisn
.nuo numin mvin p 26>?>?vnnom mn pix pi om 28\ybm\y 27i\y?>N 1111 >NT)i\y on o>pnon 29.onnoi
tnon >vo\ynmin
30Nip> [30] .inn to pno Nin 11111ohnoi

32bton nn
vu a ontrw a?yN
31Nin\y
:>a?yN16 nt>n>\y17
:Jiina oiona
sex gradus
vel minus
nn mn?>18 L :mt>yD
V? ON ^ n$ :DN119 .,^20 :>ia21
i?s
imt>
1111
i>i n>n>\y
im
vinNt?
on
iât> on
nPyD
<inpn>\y
>a?yN v
na
add.
1nPyQ va
h
in nPyD
nm :n^n22
est ita fortis L tn pm *p to a pu p

Ninvyi Nin\y idi v emendation ot>w did Nin\y Bos-Langermann idi a ot>\y didi :Ot?vydid Nin\y
to :iiii
Nin\yi
to pm23
idi24 did
Nm\y rw>t>\y
idi h ot>\y did
sicut quando
est aspectus v
L completus \ypni :\ypnm25
om. om.
L L
:n>n28 :Ti>ii29
tni>i :tni>ni30 add. 1 iN\yi Vu oâi :0âm31 L :*?N3Dt>Nn oy miunDn32 supradictas

VU *pDt>Nn vu mtD a m\y :!NiDtJNn33 tniron1 :ny\y2
add. L leviter add. V m :yivi3 ditt h add. Vu) nPpi :0>ton4
add.
h inN tnD :Diy\y5

a nywD Om. om. om. a :nyD6 ) :1HN tnD7 ) :71Jid8 :0>ton9
planeta
add. om. v n>i a
:>d10
:t>yin
:HDi3n12
quandoestL
V? -pDt>NnD ami om. 1 out oip\?> a
:Nipjn13
:fNJDt>NnD14 tinin15 :yrm16
:j)in^n17
om. L
V?
miiinDn18 :7N^Dt?Nt?
*pDt?N?? :7N?Dt?NtJ19 a ni :Nin\yii20 <sd nina21 add.
a nina
in nPyD
>x :TiPyD
>xn rnna...nPyD
^d mna22 v mt>yD '3D nina <in>mt?yD ^ :mt>yD sive bisextus L :TiPa\yn23 descensus
a) n>u vu vu v '\ya>Nn h nan a?yN :nî24 :nDm25 :>a?yN26
iwaN
>n n\yaN27
interdum
aliquantulum
om.
add. L a \yin>\?>:\yt>n>\y28
L vu omiiDi a Nlp>1 a Nin iwN a :OmiDi29 :Nlp>30 :Nin\y31 >5mr\n
om.
45
nu .hvi pit?
b\oi mmwi ownoi
mN^
noi
Ninw bim
ion>
.noisn
4nbo oosnno
6o>oiNn o>?)i^ >w mb\oi ton iipvi 8mi>bni pnoo Nm\y 11111 7ion> >Nm\yb Nm\y mv mN 010
3mb*o 2iNip> [31] .mo miNi 5n\y ohoiv mbtoi
[32] .o>m n\yp nbmn >y*ONn iibnoo mns mN 010 97bno mm\yi 10a 12.*o\yn'N o>3wni 13iibno mm\yi mnoi
.o>ji\yNi ? mbvo y? nnbb >y*ONn 147bnoi .>N*ONn iibnoo h :16doi ?û by nnbn mnn\y a .nupj mnn\y 15nvi [33] i?>o nina \yo\yno nmp in vbN nibm mtoo .woo nnsno 17mo mm\y o nbvo pu <n .0101 in nunoi mnn\y o>pnon ov 18mnn\y n minNb .miiun mmbno 19in >Nm\y b\y y? m ov yiv nn ohno n in 20ii? in >bnn wo ov mnn\y i?>o mna ompi in wab mbvo i?>o mna nun >t .mbvo <n .b\on <pta mnn\y 23a iv 22ov)wo 21??>o mnn\y uni 25mnn\y >v 24.npyo 27py mn 26iv .nni^bni mnoo lONon no mbsun 28mbon
o>iim :in>i nu ?nDi n>n>\?o inwvy nm
a on>i
Ninvy 111111 Nin\y (?)n?n

niu Nin\y inDi on\>o ojin?yj
:Nin\y um1
nm onvy :1Nlp>2
H Nlp>
signa convertibilia v
seu mobilia >t>i npy
L add.
a WV?V
v itw :0>ianriDmtnD3
:>1>1 IDIOI OWND1 nt?D4
n>iN n\y a i?Ny\y :>t>n npyi

a T'pin :0>m n\yp ntrmn V motuetcursuL
nnNi n\y5
d>dind6 :1DN>7 1DN>1
:ini>t?ni8
v
V add. v?) inv a >?> nnt>t? :>N^DNn N?t> OHNDtn inv vu inN
iit?nD :7t?nD9
H n >HVW 'N pistn 010 :010 :*W 'N11 sw12 nt>nD13 :*rt>nDi14
iit?nDD
-rt>nDm
myi ini>bni nnt>n nyn a nnt?t> Mala
:nnt>n nyi15 et impedimenta Lune L
) nnt?n myi
a n>n>\y add. add. a gradu v .xix.
:n>nn\y18
^^:1N19 oy :ii^20
L wm21
on .5iONon Vr run ^sb 2ooH*n o>bbin ^1110 b>nnNi[34]

7Nbi 6o>oiNn btoi m: nnbn mnn Nb\y io\yn in 9myoi 010 by 8Nbi ohno oy 010 o?on .non 11110 Nb 10oj ono m\y\y in 11m\y4>b\y 01 Ppnb mnn in >Nm\y oy mnn
12dhnoo [35] .>Nm\yo mww in 13m\y>bw \noo hd mv oniNn p uni bnn Nb\y yan 14iown bbm 15ninn mwyb
poi
nyi
miNi nnbnw po [36] .Ninn 18iiNn by 17nnon 16bto
on m ppn 20Nb \yNin 19p ppnb in nnin m\yyb msi 23nnbn 22nyi iNisn p oni WNin bto Nin\y 21nb\n nnbn 27p 010101 ntroo 26mi .obi pi 25iNisn bto Nm\y 24n\yi
mpvynb in bONnb nsm on [37] .o>ninNnpi

mnn\y nnbn nmbb non o>\y noiiNn 30N>n\y btoi 32pnnb nnbn 31mnn on m poi 34oni puhv on\y
o>3i\yNin
29o>w 28b\yb\yb nNisi [38] .npnnb \yNn 33mbtoi
tertium
gradum
a npy om. v ai im om.
:023
:iipyD24 :n>nn\y25 :n^n iy26 ai o>:y27
vu
nPTDn
:mt>Dn28
om. L 011m1
om. v in eo add. L a iiiiu :0>msn2 ron v >at?3 :m4 :iDNDn m om.
Regule
inN tnai OHND oy in >Nm\y
huius tractatus add. L om. MDNDn5 a yiitn p \pv (?)on nn ?a :0>dind6

oy Ntn :ohnd oy in >Nni\y oy n>nn v v >y>n Ntn7 IN :Ntn8 :n>y>n9
nee sit in aspectu
quarte
vel opposito
Mercurii
1 rw>t>\y
L :nan 1111D Nt>o*10

:n>\y\y in iw>t>\yn Om. V?H :OHNDD12
in r\wv
1 n>vy>t>\y in jtow
:n>\y\y in n>\y>t>\y13 v> iyv>n :iDvyn14
incisionem
vel apertionem vu
L :ninn15 tnDn bm16
dominante
super L by niiDn17
47
om.
Vu
:iiNn10
1 rt>v t>tDi nnt?n n>nn Nt?\y iDwn wNinD
:nt>Dinntm nyi
won ppn Nt>

om. a
p19
:vpr\ Nt>20
in signo Arietis L :nt>Di21 i nnyi :nnt>nnyi22

om. h :nnt?n23
tnDi :ii\yi24 nee facias hoc vel flebotomiam in brachiis dum Luna erit in Geminis :iNisn25 est L add. brachiorum Signum quod [...]mm o>ii\yNinD ntroD nn :0>ninNn idi o>n\yNin id oididi ntroD nn26 1o>ninNn in astrologia L :0>ninNn pi o>nv>Nin yo27 per primos et ?ltimos magistros ai nt>\y?wD :tw??\yt?28
1 o>wn om. om. a ) :Nin\y :0>\y29 :N>n\y30
iv a n\y
1 :p>int? nsin31
in signo
igneo
seu calido Et si vis purgare
Vu) ?vbvb :p>in??32 et sieco L :\yNn mtnDi33 L :Oni34
>i30 >(inhayn ruinan nnbn o>\y nmnwn minoi nnbn o>v> nnbn nmbn pnnb rmri ont nbirooi on\y o>an o>\y 4m>pnb laiiD om 3pnnb n^nn oni vyv no\yn\y nbn nnbn [39] >bi 50"?i on\y i>wn n?raa mNi ppnb ninn\y 7mo -ond b\m m>n n>n> Nb\y b"i 6>ndjih du o? 9nbbio mpn 8nn>bn pnnb n;nn oni [40] .Ninn iind? ONI [41] .0>On J?lb?QO IHN! nnbn 0>\y DHN nn>bO 101J11> *io\ynnpv DN1mpyo btm nmN o>\yn myri\y rnbyo \yb\y .310 ")T\v 12n>n>w 2D1D noi\y n>bN ?>2> Nb\y piDb bDin nnbn rorm 15n>nn Nb\y vnnvy 14np*in 13ipni io\yni [42]
2Ti\yo on\y
byi Nb o> >pNn 17p nbyob on\y ononno mNb
16nro
w >d >pNn by 18Nin\y nom pn> ncnsn [43] .np\yon 19n>p> Nb\y roo by pn> Nb \iht\ nnn on\y ônonb 20ron pn oni n\y Nin\y iDiDb Nbi o>pnon p mNb yi 22\non ddd inn ont [44] .np\yon 23N>p>\yp oj mv m >dn>mnN 24inip\yni mini} b)ibn nbiy Nim nnbn bN >Nm\y ?>i> 25b\yb\yon mmm mv Nin oni pino np\yon b\yb\y> Nb 26>d biv>b\y 27by niv -p?3> 28t?>Qb\n nyi >sb [45] .>nio mv n>nn Nb\y 30b\yb\yon -fmp\yni p 03 29-iiovyn\y bjbn m>
\) hj? flebotomare vel materiam >(inninra y\v ioyn subtilem :n^mnai iwo
??1 nuirai
orw hjo
iw
>pnnovn1
:nbiraaiW
evacuare
va
:nppni> naito otn pnr?3

a ppni? :nt>pni>4 cbi a"n5 D'own
>tn o>jink>
predictam
in flebotomia
L add.
\>a\ ruprn OTipn :>Njnn6

om. om. Lai :nva7 :nn'^n8 L??a
purgare
add. L add.
1 ji^îd npnn pnn^

om. 1 :nnN nn'bo
-.r??tf
ir\vw
a DPN3
:11>N313
purgatione
L :npin14 vel evacuatione wai inn ;n:ni: n'nn15

1 >(iNno i iw ^"wn p17
:Nin\y18
patiens
add. L
:N'p>19
49
>i 2onb nm mnu in ?ij? in lpm oy nnbn \ybnni ispn 4i>y>\y >?)ivinN o>Nin 3ib um Nb oôn [46] .b\yb\yon nbiys on pub 7oniiN n nyi 6mbi y?N oniiN n 5omn m by 9.iiii bN nnbn 8o>m Nb\y m iwon
n\y nbTOi nnbn o>\y N>pnb npwo nnb 10mnn oni [47]
12in nbyob Nm\y 1111b in n\y 14b\oi 13Nm\y 1111b nm pn in >pNn 15by o>nnb mnn on [48] .mmnN i\y Nm\y imb nnbn ow >jmaa mm\y 18mbtoo mNi 17nPN 16bibyn mN \no by 20mnn\y mo by 19mm\y b*o nPNi in o>on 10 iy 21omnn [49] .nun 23p >pn non >\no bi 22oy in omon nmmo noinn nmo u>b*N 25iwn 24o>i?>tn nsojw no ini [50] .nnpnn 27m\yyi o>b\yb\yom noinn 29ibNb inso>w i^?)N mwivn 32>nbn 31o>nn 26o>p\yon m>mb o>nyn 28mbnnn >si dôn oni awwn 30o>nyi onnN onmo
om. v Nin\y im!? a :nin20
:on\y o>imt?21 a D1D1 :D1DD22
cum dabis
ad bibendum
purgam t?i\yt>\?> Nt> >i :>nid inv t>yt?\yt>v?
patiens add. L :N>p>\y23 :t?\ytWDn impuni v mpvyni :*|mp\yni24 purgam vel ad laxativum L vel aliquod laxativum L bv?vnn25
V NtW :Nt> >126
n a t>\yt?\y> Nm\y :tn\yt?\y tn\yt>\yt?vV) ( )t>\yt?\y> t>y27 1 >N1Dini>1 }t>?1D

a P1>Dt?D a iiDU?\y om. i pis in n^ a :D1>Dt>Dl28 niDwnvy29 :t?vyt>\yDn30 :n:? in pi*1 :on!?2
a on>t>N
v mt? ai m t> :it?3

v>i i>vn\y :i>v>\y4
v y?iNin a 'typiN 1niw n oniiN

iy n?i nym mtn a >n> l) rivi >atn :0niiN
n
n
:y?NoniiN
nyi add. mto a >ini
n oinn5
i ptn ;nî6 :0niiN7
a nnt>n tw 1111 d>i> :iiii

1pn
tw nnt>n D>in8
1 1111 DIM) :11119 :?int? nsin10
om. v
:ii\y tnDi Nin\y mit?
om. L :t>tDlU nm pn in12

om. a :Nin\y13
1 t>tDl :?ttDl14
tn -d a id :t>y15
>i 2oni bbi nbyob unini
nnb iwdn >biN 5piyi
>N\yNbN out 4mnn
Dip iwn nbn o>mND noinn mbnnn ny>m 3on 6.miin bN p>soo >n>Ni odon [51] oyi>\y Nonb
o>bbn onoNO 8no iwN onsp 7mb nnb o>yaiD om*pi nbinn oy Ninin mmni onsp
9my>i> mmyn\y no oy nbmb nip>\y noi ny>i>n noipni 14is 13by noinn 12nmo nyi>\y Ninib 7ns 10m bi >i nNifni 15:tmob\n ion [52] .110mvn 17vbyii >y>iwn 16vn ivni 20.insii 19<vbnn 18mbyb o>piw in> i>byn >yn\ym nbinn by 21nn> 22by 23pn>\yi pbi N?iiin 26myo by 25m> pno 010 24in inno i>byn >y>iwn Nin\y 28>?i^yNlONon rm [53] .imonb 27>ini pbi uoo wiivn pbyn Nsnn 10 >pD i>n 31>i ib*N yii> mm 30Nin\y 29Nin >ini Noun im non N?iiib >ini VN1 i>i> >o 32niN>wi jroown
nPN :n>n>\y v tnt?yna tnt>y m>N tnt>yn16
om. L :n>m\y m>N17
noisn
>imi
m*m
a nilnDn id :Di^dd18
om.
v om.
:0>niin21 1 :t?i oy22
v nunD
a 0>l?)Dn add.
?nunp23
1 on :1\?>n25
ID :0>1?D124
potationes principia
laxativas L :D>t>\yt>\?>Dni o>p\yDn26 1 rmpntn niNpntn :rmpnn n>\yyi27 nDinn m??nnn28 scientie L :n>vn\?n
vu v nt>Nt> :it?Nt?29 :0>nyi30 o>niNJ
generalitatem
seu generalem
perfecta L :0>nn31 inutilia L :0>rrrto >nt>n32 : regulam L V t?tni ?Pto1
et adhuc
etiam
est difficile L :n>nn4 attamen L :>t?iN piyi5

h nnun :nnin6
a onDNDn m
h o>idndd m tw 1o>idnd m t>N multum

) ny>i>n m
:0>idnd mt?7 utiles L :11d8

t>N :inyn>9
51
by trrnb hi myon
l>bnnb o\y ib 8mp>i nom inN 6ioy 5<in\yb in miN 7i\y>n nwy> mn >om urn nit? ipn yn> >pn >dn [55] .110 own 9by nNisin m 1100 in 11b ii>t?n ONîn on iNinin oni blip 10i\yN 14iNm >i 13ibni> o^noio 12o>n?ii >n>Ni o:on .\ypn nby iyi> Nbi 18nNif)in >si 17^Nim u>N\y 16om ob\yi no 21nip m>n Nin o^Ninin 13m noinn nm 25ibNi mon 15iniii 20>\?oni [56] .mb 19nit? nnb 24>i 23iion> o>p^yn 22ibNi
y^nb piion *y30>i vmw nbinn bN nwnin n\yn> nmwn ddon ibN 2iNi>\yi by 3iosy [54] .11111 >in uoo obyno in >bmn 4mp mino \ypi>i nNisin mo
27ib\yo>i [57] >bmn nbnm noipoo my rp ninom 26nmn 32bion 31mn byi oy bo\yon 30mn byi nwy>\y 29nob 28m nbyn 34iijnni yion 33>i nn
T>i3\y
nD
to
:*pis m10 :yi>\yn
a myi>\y
de bene
om. L :nDinn tiwd12 esse L :11d invn is t?y13

a isn a trPDtri n>n> a i>i?yi :is14 :t?>Dt>Di15 :>y>iwn vn16 in :Vt?yn17
n>y>iwn
n>nn
>y>i\yn
remove medicum
in egris L om. V :mt>yt>18 ab egro L :1n?ii <vt?nn19

) N?Iin vu 11V om. 1 o>piu i>n on 1 D1D1 V? n :1N?1120 :nn>21 :t?y22
:pn>\yi23 :D1D 1N24 ni1> :111>25
d?bet
removed
errorem medici \?ni\?n N?iin myD26 L :13DD vel mutari et alium haberi L :ii>Dnt?>ini27
V? f)?yN om. 1 nw\y om. om. L a a :>3 (yN28 :Nm29
:nm> Nin\y30 :iiDn...pN >i31
:pi>
>d niN>>\yi32
et in hoc vertitur v
eius honor
L :iim
t?ytnnt>hi mo
v nNi>\yi
y^D>ia
:iNi>\yi2
>t?mn (?)nnn nun
myDnD t?y
:mt? ruina myDn t>yiDsy3 causas L :DiD4
add.
Null
:in\yt?5
om. v
a D>nnnn oni
vel sine eo add. L :iDy6 quod d?bet L :iiDm i\y>n7 :iiD o\y it> p>i ?H Nlp>1 :TUprf
a it??>\y oNinm oni t?sN :t?y9 bia> iwn10
a \ypn tw 1 \ypnm \ypnn t>N stare turbaros L v a ym w tn(.)a <->$

v iNini
tw :\ypn t^y11
:0>N?)1112
H N?11
it?ni> :it>ni>13
V Nl> :1N1>14
1 iNiii ni oNiii15
v a ovn :Ovi16 :^Nim17 :nNi?nn18 :mt> nio19 >nni
a nDinn v nu nip a nit?n
Sed astrologi Vu onun m nt?N toi 1
:nDinn tint >\?oni20

add. v nn :nit?21
t?n mt? :0>^yn itwi22

V 11DN>1 om. :11DN>23 v :>i24
a lt>N tOl H t>H O

om. v it?wD>i a mit?\yD>i v om. 1 L
:lt>Nl25
:m>n26 :it>\yD>i27
tint
:m28
:n\yy>vy nDt>29 om. om v :inn30
u> :inn31 :t?iDn32
van
t?i\yn
Nam
sapiens
quiescit
a litigio cum videt fulcitum, donee
stultum alieno iuvamine cesset id iuvamen add. L

add. vu narine V >at> :>i33 ni^nni34
53
y yum Nb >bmn nbnm i>by vby mnnb pno>i *nyn miNi >i?n oipoi nmn bin 113mnw 2oipo mwb 4hi >bmn nbnm 5mm Nbw nbnm i>by 7mnw no >di 6ii yyunon loinn m
n>i byi m>nb 8mym wi nbyn nmn bmi 10nn [58] 9m^n
o>pn* i>mi 13o^Ninm 14mn\y oipon bN nmn mion >\no <ppnn\y >sbi 15mbN omnn ibo> 12ib >ian noipoi >?>i o>yi in o>hdi oîm >?ii [59] .>bmn nbnm Nin o>\noi\y 16mnmin
pus ini>m >noNmvn bN nmn ynr\ tni 19i?> o?> nob on yib 18on 17o^Ninn\y nbo wnii 20>bmn nbnm nmn un*o on o [60] noipo nu [61] .>bmno 24t? om 23noipo 22nn bN ynn 21N>nmn Nin 26noipo 25nm iroan mm Nb\y iv?n >n ni3 bi pi nbysnon on omm in nbysno nn>Ni 28oni nbyis mi>Ni .im nn 29omn\yi >i >yn\yn oi>n Nin noipo yino bN ynni 30p:yn Nin pi [62] mi>Ni nbob >isn Nin 27iwn o>dwo 32nnNi >bmn nbnnni >isn oipo bN p 05 31yv>nw noipob iion> pbi [63] .nmwn 33m>ii>Nn
V riy ^yn1 V OlpDn :01pD2
v om. L :nt>yn nt?nm vt?y n>nw nD >?di 11 yyuriDn n>n>\y iDinn ni ) nn>n\y nw :n>n\y3 *>13* Nt>\y
1 yyun>\y :n>n\y7
a yyuip a nsuD vu) mt?i :inyn>8 :ms39 :nn10
t^Dl 1nU :01pDlU v nt?nm iDipDt?a >t?mnrfrnni nDipDt? ) >tnnn ntmni iDipDt> :it>12 L loco in quo erat in principio egritudinis id est dies cretici add. L :0>DNimn13 V?
v nn>n\y a o\y nn>n\y :n>n\y14
a ntwn in>t?N
v om. Nin
:n>t>N15
:n>n16
1 :O^Ninn\y17
on a vit? on hd?? on on iiDn t>N yin t?N add. add. v D"iy add. a tWD711 t>y
:iiDt>on yit> on18

vu T^n :1?>19
is t>y :>tnnn20 1 t>\yD
nnbn nn
nvni
Nin >yn\yn oi>n
!biiw
\no by 4i?> ovi >bmn nbnm \no by 3noipo oy 2mym rvo in vo ovi 7nu\yn 6mym 010 by n?i 5oi> in on\yy on
mm nNb\y 10>a?yN\yi [64] .>bmn9nbnnni noipo bN 8n\yn

to l5o no mnni >bmn bN nmn n\yn 13o>oysb 12ni>ii>Nn ni>ion o\y bimy\y bysi o>\non 17yôi 16m>n>Nn moon 18\y>bn> [65] .nm>i >bmn mnn\y iy loinn m noipo [66] .m 23iion>i 14bm11 mm
<Vbn>\y20>oi >bmn 19n:>obyion yyum >bmn nbnm >o> iN\y ooon .nit? 22p o} 21um> non o>bmn mw\y n?> om oio by mvnb ^^nn 24bmn oi> Nin 27nmn\y nbnm >w>onn oi>n 28nin .>bmn nbnm
31vo30oi>i
iWNin 26noipo 25bN 29noipoo m\y>b\y \no by mnn .<n 34OPl TO 33ON1N?> 3201>1
om. v :ni322
a IDIpD :nD1pD23
a i?>n ) Nin\y :Nin nDipD a om. a iDipD :i">24 nm25 :nDipD26 :Nin iwn27
1 Nim
1N :llt?y?DriD VSH TbVuTM? mi>Nl

vu in>n\yi om. a i'o y^n v mNi p ay v :p 03
ON128
:on>n\yi29 o^yn30 y^n31 :TinNi32 :nvn>Nn33
a nnNi
a mi>Nn
terminus
seu boaran
L h tnianvy ?nw1
a >ym :Tpy>n2 :nD1pD3 1 IDIpD
>y>n
:n>y>n6
V?)
n\y>
:ii\yn8
vu) rfrnni
vu ??y*H 1 ??yN a pN\y V)a mi>Nn om. 1 >tnnn y>p\y iy iDini mt> v :Jivii>Nn tni>
:r?nnni9
:n>n> tov11 :imii>Nn12
TN1 :>s?yNYn10
ni>i?n...o>Dyi)t>13 iy...tni}14
:>tnnn n>nn\y
55
1o*wt\ iNvyi ib?> iwn o>bmn ojon [67] in hi 5ynm 4nibnoi nmno o>oyD 6ii y>3n\y oipob m >o 8in 'ni 7nibnoi mnoo hi iNinin 9oip> mbi nviwi in y^m nibno inNm o>oyn [68] .>y>\ynn iiob n?>o pi m 3nnbn mbi [69] .>yn\yi ninN oys 12ii ny>>n\y oipob nosyi mon 14nmn '\m nn >y>m o>oy?b 15o>oyab bmn oni 19??>m 18v?i 17>m\yyi UNim 10'on wnii 13bmn bi?>> N>n
2m>nb on
o>on ?oi
nNi> i\un o>o>n iN\yb mon
opnv 16ooioon o^Nini in 23n>o 22inN i\yN o>o>n djon [70] 21.n?n o>N?iin hon mi .o>o> >tb o>o> >m 24om iNinin bif>>\y >bmn 26i\y>nnb 25>i yion mnn Nb [71] 29.>binn nbnm 28noipo 27bN nmn n\yi in noipoo mym \no bN nmn n\y iy inynnb bn> 30Nbi 32bN nmn m>n nyi bbm [72] .o>p*nn o>\non >vno >?>inxw on o 31ni)
mnnb by
yion mym
>bmn 33nbnm noipoo
\no nPN
in na3> 34in >bmn

a mi>Nn :m>ii>Nn16 ii^nni y^Di17
>tnnn mann?
:înn
debilitatur
et minuitur
L vu
vybm :\y>t>n>18
L a >mnt> :n>nt?19 ad vitandum a iit>m\y idi :<pt?n>\y wo20 dant astrologi L vu un> ) uji> on :uro>21
add. add. vu vu oni :p22 >i :11dn>i23
V) tni} :tni>n24 n t>y ?N25

1 1D1pD V?) om. a nmv> :nD1pD26 :nn>n\y27
:>tnnn nt?nm...nin28
1 1D1pDD :nD1pDD29
a n?> oi>i im n>n> t?> oi> oi>n oni :N?> oi>i add. 1 itn v v> n>nn n>n> oi>i30 :v>31 :Oi>i32
et dies L ?V) ovi

1 OV1 a o>d> armn add. v a nit?n
:ONi33
:D1>134 :0>D>nx :rmnt>2 :mii?n3
nm>t>ni
:nii?nDi4
a ynni 1 y^Di :y>>m5
om.
a alia
vice
add.
L = add. v?
1 ninN nm>t>ni a 'ni
oya
:ii6
:nit?nDi7 :<n in8
v oip a oipj
a v <n ninN oy? y>?n\y a >\??t>\yi ninN oyo y>>n\y :>y>ira mnN >\??t?\yn oyi
:Oip>9
:'Dn10
11 y>:m\yn Om. 1 :1112 tnian13 nNoi14 :0>Dyut>15
inv. v>ai r\H\r\
:0>Dyut> :nion v
nit>m om.
a o>nD :0>iiDt?n16 dies add L add. v ovt> add. 1o>D>t? sicut est dies .x. L ) n>i>\yyi :>i>\yyi17
.xiii. et L. v v> L v et OV1 aim ai n?>i :>?>i18 :D?>h19 V :0120 .xix. d?>i
.xx. L om.
et.xxvii.
L v n?i a (in the margin

v n?m a (in the margin
n) d?h propeL
n) D?in a onivy om. om. a
:n?n21 nnN22
-.n"i23 :oni24 V :>125
:ivy>nnt>26
iv a t'y ?n27 1 1D1pD :nD1pD28

om. v :>tnnn29
V N^ H mt>1 :Nt?130 eius add. L a nun :nn31 vu t?y :t?N32

nyi t>t?in o^ptnn o>DiDn Dn >i nn in :>bmn n:mnt> t>y yiDn iiiyn> >tnnn nt?nm33
End MS v m>n nvn Et vincit L a) mn>i .ruv in34
57
inN oo3N
[73] .b^bn ^1^01 >?b nNimn iso yiT> om
4>pib 3nomn nm iso \yo\yn 7115N>n mmn omb oipo 8o>spnn nyn>n noipn
nmn bN o>pnon in o>mbson ^Nini nNi> Nb 2o>yiiNn niy odon [74] .nNifnn iso bmo u>nv
[75] .mn 7mnipn o>o>n 9isooi o:on [76] .niH>on mnipi nNim npb>i 10yiv m yi in 110 mi>ni mnoNi bmn mobwi o in no>pnon >un nmn moipo >\no >?>ivby bN o^mbson :nbn niNin 12mnm by in> o>pnoni nbyn by yion p>p Nb w >i ibim nmm nbyb >isn 110 by in> o>mbson 14mm p on NbN 13yi 15>?i?yNi [77] .pnon 010 byi ipnw 17>ob
6pN oust? ispo om mm
nmn 711 o \yo\yn iso ni mbyi oy mo\y>n mbyi 7iN> onnN own
>si nn nim\y 16n\yp>i 7iN> 7nsn m bi 19oy 18niNbon nm mnnb nsn 20>on mu in nmn mnb in 24o>bmn nbnm
nm>ni nnbn on 22ioini [78] onyn> bpn\y 21m by no o>bbi

23by noipo ymo >sn Nin nmi Nbi 1111 oy 26nnnn Nbv 25>s?yN 110 p>o on 11m 73m >bmn 7iN> on \yo\yn 711 nm [79] .mbN t>n> on [80] .onN3\y 28in ombo\y mn 27vn
status vel situs eorum L iOIsdi1 dies add. L :0>yiiNn2 sciri L add. a viv :nDinn3 add. a) tnian oi> per scientem dies terminorum
a p>N
:ni >pit>4
:N>n5
a Nin
1 \>H >1 :PN6
a mnipi pi :ninipn7 a ( )o>?pin :0>?pnn8

a 1?DD1 om. inv. ai :0>n>t?^Dn L :1DDD19 :-i yiv10
in o^pnDn11
om.
L bonorum vel dampnosorum planetarum 1 ;nt>yn??y yiDn n>nni conari (?) et dominari L nunm12 L :yi13 malum vel dampnum
a) pnan a ??yNi :n>n>14 :>??yNi15
nescienti
L a nDinn m\
a i>itni
et aliquantulum durum L :n\yp>i16 Ntw :niNt?Dn Jim t?yi ipnw >Dt>17 t>yi Ninvy >Dt> 1nDinn :niNt?Dn18
nNii >?n nm t?i tin :i>imt? nsn >?n m to oy19
1111 n>bN v>2"> bmn
2oim
\no
!>bi >binn nbnm 3by vymn> yi ymo
nnbn in iid
yi in nw in
nbmn
mip3
mm nnbn on [81] .ib by nby Nb\y
mbm
>?i
yi p>p Nin noon in >bmn 4nbnm noipo in nbD vNi >bmn nbnm noisn bton on 8Nbn d>3ond vn> o>bii5n 7n:>nnnn>n
by nnvni
5>?>i [82] .nmpn 6nnNi nnbm o>:>wo
nbnm 9nnbn on [83] .niin in ymon
bN nnbn y>>m p?v
btoi >binn pu h? pi nbmn 10nn nn>no bymi> isnno >bmo N*> ni?m n>3\y btoi oni >binn iiNn> ioiy btoi oni yi n>n on [84] .>bm bN 13hni <pn 12not?in >binnmo oni 14n\yp m Nin yvv 15dni [85] .no ijvp Nin it?n> mw miNi 17dni n\yp in Nin *it>n yvv 16int?no >bmnmo Nin\y btoi >bmn nbnm nnbn nn>n on [86] .iid ini> Nin nnbn b*oi nn>n oni mi Nb in .nunon vnan [87] n\yp nun oy iinnn Nb on m in oion >bmnm>bin\y bn no nn>bn nibim 18Nin >bmn ton p>o on >i i>bN onn n>n>
>ai D?>\yon n>n> p
>bmn -piNi yi bymi> >Nm\y oy nnbn mino [88] 19N>nun odon [89] .miN it>n>\yi P>p \?yo nuN natnm Nin oni [90] .ivw> i>no oni yi yvv nbnoi 20pno> >Nm\y >Nm\y on ira [91] .vbnb n\y> N?nn>\y inN \yo\yn nn oupi in mini3 by yi yvv nsy n \y> 21>bmni uoo mp oipoi oni .yi Nim bwb\y 11 \y> >bmn oni myio 22it>n>mib?\yi mib?\yi nyi by 23nyi <\>vx> [92] .myio it?n> 24minim i\no in n>\y>b\yi n>\y\y 26\no by 25pis oy nnbn no p>t>
on
Primo
om. ?
dico L nnwi22
a bmn a ?"vh ai -urinn :<>>!nnn24 :>a?VN25 naruin26
Luna vel Sol L H n>n :i>n27

add. a nm :iN28
i.e. diei
a it> 1 1?2 ^tn1 cretici add. L :tnain ovni2

a "?H :t>V3
1 rfrntf? :Tibnra4
59
tno pi vo> ^n ny\y >ob im>i ino lONon nn ibbib >msi\y no 2m [93] *.ny>pi Nm\y pi no ib 3byn b>iwo Nm bib bp3 Ninw wonwnb nsm on myib >oin 4ii>yn\y >ai im o>oyob oni [94] ptwn pus Nim 11 niNim mnyo nn\ynn on m mp> mnpb^n niNiinb iso iso on o>oy? mo>ioo nun by Nbs> Nb Nom >nbi on ivw nbmn ibio >bmn iNinini o>no o>\yyoi nmn 6noinn o m
by nn> ymo
in nn
ipyn in ibion niNim piNi >\yi\y bi obyn iso oni 5vi m o>yipon .lONon nn nspi obbib iwsn >n iwn Nnino
7nibo ny VNm\yyb N>bsoi i\yi bi nsh
>mbNb bim [95]

.on on on
secundum
modum
eclipsis
:nmpn
om. ai a >bl
>si5
:n^n7 :Nt?l8
a mNi
:nnNi6
causa L
om. L 1 >wd
:nnt?n9
:>ni10 :>i\yn
humorum a nnN inroi nntmi valde

a -pni *|?nm :11d um
add. L
:D?)Diri12
.yvv nnt>n uni13 durum L :n\yp14

mt? oni15
Nin...>tnnn
1 iiion oiipnD16
add. 1 nnN :Oni17
a 11D 11m 1 HD id>dmm did p>t? Nin18

l<ptm\yi 1 im>t>ni i>?idd >mw :nnN oni natrmi a Nin\yi a Nin\yi :iit?nDi :N>n\?o19 pnD>20 im>t?ni priDD
Et si Saturnus est tardus L et eger est constipatus w >t>mni21 L msy 11

om. h :imt>f)\yi Nim tnvytw 11 y? >tnnn oni myiD it?n> 1 \yt>n> :it?n>22
minuetur
malum.
Et si eger est laxus, et Saturnus est in suo descensu L a inyii 1 yi t>yyi :nyi t>ynyi23
n imnm 1 imnm oni :imni>n24 :pix25 a pisn
Om. L :D1D26 a ) L. ntnnt> add. ny>>?> ywi inyî1 egri

ot>vo otny t>Nt>nt>nn ot>\toi on ranp> ion >">i nDiini .-on on on...>m:n\y nD m2
a own oyD n>n>nty m
t?ioyi >Nm\y ny\y nnt? oi> om. L :it>t>yn3

om. L1 myn\y nD :ii>yn\y4
1UH oh5
1 nDinn jin* :nwn nDinn6
qui vivit
et r?gn?t
in s?cula
seculorum,
amen
add. L
:iiit?D7
?^f-*?
A*
'^ ?ia;
?- > U 5.4 ?^?Hî-T?*'^
! 11
i%
11
? r-^-H
* *?ji?v t-?/?*h.-*"??*
61
'Hi.iii.i.JW.liUUffW '- '"'' ???. iMHKLjj.,xm l'l,:'l>l!3PtWI|^!ffl.'P?1
" -"TO
" jora no -K-><
t?' r> ^ *? 1 T A J ^ Tl U ' **
,1
|<? o
?
T
?5 ?
rj =U * *
?1 }!H?iU3H)3?
\\* * + *<**
?(m oft ?f CW0? :)B ? nn^
?H*
? c
*r?ni
.j ? ,V A ? - rf ? (O ^ PXn ?
.i ? f? t ? ?I -* 4 -P ? *
a r? a? ? * ?? "? <* '? ^ ^4
4 *
-B tO <* ?
i* 3^ 3 jm -,
f> j, ?3
^ ^
" < * 1* t? ttH
Viy^t ?rt WKMH ^ lo?r?t
wW ar? k??mI ^ m www
i * ?H*?W ?1*?' ?t hikVwft'U? '*oallfyi**>9*t?**> ?Vu? )??iMM.?f**
a-?* A ipm? i a* v**?mn xk>?r wWiaM *../ êst*W ? ftfei*jew*? C\iajia?r<?>an **-*w artry*?o >** ??r^wro****' him ?to*? ^>\ ???L?.;
Chapter Three The Latin Text
Edited byCharlesBurnett
Latin version of David's work on astrological medicine

found in a single manuscript: Barcelona, Biblioteca de Catalunya
is
The 634, fols. 84r-90r. This manuscript was written in the first half of the fifteenth century (before 1446), evidently in Barcelona (there are
in Catalan), and consists of Latin texts on of a collection texts these have and of Several Jewish connec astronomy astrology a Latin is of the earliest known and them tions, among large portion annotations
version of Abraham bar Hiyya's Tsurat ha-Aretz ("On the Form of the Earth").1 David's treatise is simply headed "Tractatus Davidis Iudei" ("The Treatise of David the Jew") and consists of a continu ous text followed by tables. The tables are missing in the Hebrew
version, meant but are referred to several do times in the text and version. and are clearly to accompany it, as they in a convenient tabular manner, in the Latin They give, exaltations
the houses
(domus)
(honores) of the planets as well as their falls (vilia) and detriments (malivolentiae) and the degrees of their nodes (caput and infernum ca put draconis), apogees and perigees (altitudo and bisextus); the lords of the triplicities, the terms (termini)} the decans (fades), the ninth parts (novenae), and the twelfth-parts (virtutes duodecimae);3 and the
characteristics of each of the planets and the signs of the zodiac,
especially in regard to the parts of the body and the diseases they signify. All of this information comes ultimately from Abraham Ibn Ezra's Reshit Hokhmah (Principium sapientiae).Âlthough the as trological terminology largely corresponds to that used in Petrus
d'Abano's from Hebrew hand Latin version, printed by Peter Liechtenstein on Ibn Ezra's in Venice work. in
1507, it is possible that the Latin tables have been translated directly
tables already dependent operation 63
After the tables there is a short paragraph written

concerning the planets' over minerals
in the same
and plants,
De secretis." Since this is not citing "Aristotle's it could be another Hebrew of Pseudo-Aristotle, to the text of David relevance Judaeus medicus
the Secreta work.
secretorum its
However, is less obvious. Hebrew
Passages differing
frequent instances
from those in the Hebrew

translations and
are in italics; the the Span
of alternative
of a single no
term (doublets)
are not indicated.
The scribe follows
consonants ish practice of writing single atamen, suficit" aplicare, dificile, sagitarius, "n" is always in udemostraJ' omitted Also, "dapnos-" orthography for "mn," "mpn" nates with "nil"). (for classical has been and "damnos-"). restored, except "ch" in "michi"
"h," e.g., "aduc, (but contrast "occulus"). in and usually omitted In the edition Latin classical in the cases of "e" for "ae," and "nichil" (which alter
Note the following ing of some of them):

boaran: sistrenum conari: conatus: antiquatus: antiquatio: saltando: cavilla: In the the body-parts privy parts crisis tabularum: to prevail strength chronic
technical terms (I am not sure of the read
a set of
tables
(the
reference
is to the
tables following
the text)
(of a disease), (of a disease)
chronicity intermittent
cardine terms appear: and unusual further vernacular tables, dura for liver, torela for a woman's melsa for spleen, and bomb?les. (?), and the diseases porcellane, gracella,
/f. 84r/Tractatus
Davidis
Iudei.
[1] Quia,
culi sunt signum quecumque mental motus medicine de quod
ut dicit Tolomeus in Centiloquio,

similes,5 in eis est et omnem transmutationem et scientia de stellarum?hoc casibus virtute celestibus et ab illis
vultus
huius
se
vultibus sit
recipiunt
omne
ilia, illius?tract?t sanitate
in hoc mundo
elementorum
in quibus celesti (est enim
que in eis fit, est pars experi cadit transmutatio transmutatio
corpora, scilicet duas artes, stellarum predictam.
in egritudinem et practica et econtra) scientie in qua sepe deveniunt tract?t de hac transmutatione et societas est proportio inter has ergo sequitur quod inter practicam medicine et partem scientie
The Latin Text
65
est scire [2] Et sicut de perfectione astrologi res medicinales, et etiam et in natura hominum iuvare et patientes sit virtutes celestes disponere operationem sciat agentium, et etiam ad vitandum servir? multa
in arte medicine ut per illas pos ad recipiendum ab operatione
agentium cum facer? voluerit,

in virtutibus agentia celestibus procul disponere
[3] sic est de perfectione medici quod

et inde in hominibus, ut sciat in patientibus, et ad operandum bonos dies
et prope creticis
quod patientes
sint ad hec dispositi, et cum hoc quod etiam sciat et

et malos, plus quam nee etiam secularis. d?bet sciens dubitare ar est brevis et quelibet harum quia vita hominis nee habet nee earum finis perfectionem prolixa, in hoc ad comprehendendum illas perfectiones ut vita unius hominis est possibile sufficiat ambarum scientiarum, [5] premaxime quia in diebus
possit prenoscitare sciat arte sua, nee tium [4] Attamen est multum
potest attingi vel haberi nisi cum multis laboribus et periculis, et nul
lus hominum part?culas, ad veniendum dominus modicum cus qui credunt multo sufficeret minus ad finem scientie
corda hominum
unius de alia.
sunt debilitata,
tantum
[6] ideo est homini utilius quod sit

si sciret modicum de una et quam raro accidit inveniatur medi quod neces in scientia sit licet stellarum,
Et propterea sit astrologus vel sciens scire in scientia stellarum
saria inmedicina.
in electione
[7] Et ideo medici

ad faciendum
interdum vadunt ad illos quos

se regunt quern tracta sua.
et eorum dicto vel consilio
opera temporum me amicus meus notabilis [8] Et ob hoc quidam rogavit unum cogitavit aliquid sentir? in dicta scientia, ut componerem
tum parvum de hiis que indiget medicus totidie in dando laxativa, ciropes et vomitiva, et in faciendo flebotom?as, quia in talibus indiget
scientia habere eius stellarum. Et quia magnum respectum et perveniant ad bonam opera habeant Et propterea volens ei obedire iuxta mee scientie tractatum compilatis, quofactum modi secundum parvum quod a me et hoc Deo innovando, est nichil. nil habet necesse scire est necessarium ista frequenter accidunt, et deliberationem ad ea faciendum, perfectionem. ut
[9-10]
hunc
paucitatem, composui a libris de hoc abstraxi michi auxiliante, sine
/f. 84v/[ll]
tractatu
Sciendum quod quilibet volens

computare loca
se iuvare huius
.vii. planetarum
cotidie de almenach. [12] Quod scire est multum facile etiam nil scienti in scientia astrologie, [13] et specialiter de quinqu? planetis?
videlicet et Sole love, Marte Saturno, cum almanaco est multum computare in usu. Ideo est necesse et Mercurio?nam breve et facile. loca horum [14] Sed com
potum Veneris et Lune est difficile

non habet
et turbatum modicum
illud volenti
illi qui
habere
uti computare
iam teneat locum saltern quod ipsorum annos per illos qui id et inde dies computatum plures planetarum secum sistre est necesse habere sciunt. [16] Pari modo computare num tabularum quern sistrenum quod poni solet in fine almanachii, compotum verum, [15] vel a libris in iudicio per modum abbreviationis sapientes naturas et et sciunt breviter faciliter per quern astrologie, et et ipsorum et domos et stellarum altitudinem eorum, signorum et triplici et malivolentiam, honorem verecundiam profunditatem, sunt in et alia que necessaria et faciem, terminum tatem, et eorum abstraxerunt scientie hoc tractatu. [17] Et quia dictum sistrenum tabularum non omnes habent,
ideo deliberavi eligere ex illis tabulis quod necessarium est in hoc tractatu ad intentionem ipsius, [18] et valde modicum est in hiis que
non sit necessarium in ipso. Et adiunxi dictum sistrenum6 elegi quod sistrenum cum hoc tractatu ne, habens hunc tractatum, habeat dictum uno nee etiam nisi scire loca alibi perquirere, indigeat planetarum
de duobus modis
loca et alia necessaria
predictis,
scire se iuvare
[19] et postquam
secundum in electione laxativis intentionem
sciunt planetarum
huius tractatus, convenientium auxilio vel uti vo
per ipsemet poterit flebotomas, purgationibus, alicuius. consilio [20]7 Postquam tractatu huiusmodi scientia.
temporum et vomitivis absque
preposui et ad eius
scire volenti que sunt necessaria declarabo intentionem, quedam
cabula in ipso tractatu posita de quibus sibi serviunt scientes in hac

enim quod una Stella est cum alia vel unum [21] Dicitur cum alio quando est cum ea vel eo in eodem (sic) planeta signo, Et vir seu uterque alicuius. sit in virtute et quod quilibet corporis in tabulis invenies tutem corporis cuiuslibet supradic planetarum unus distat ab est tis.8 [22] Item aspectus planeta quarti quando unus ab alio dicitur et aspectus alio .xc. gradibus, oppositi quando inter se distant et aspectus tertii est quando distat .clxxx. gradibus, .lx. gradibus. .cxx. distant et aspectus sexti est quando gradibus,
[23] Et omnes
deficeret sive dus retro. vel
isti aspectus habent virtutem
aspecti
(sic), etiam si
sive ante .xcvi. gra ita fortis considera termino inspiciat. et faciem
de eorum [24] Nam
sex gradus vel minus, aspectu et alium si inter unum planetam dicitur aspectus completus, vel cum Non
et hoc sint est
.Ixxxiiii., est aspectus sicut quando in domo sua vel
quarti. et per hunc modum vel vel
tarnen
alios aspectus.
est vel facie, Et domos scies per et quod eorum, tabulas
[25] Item dicitur quod planeta dat virtutem quando

sui honoris coniungatur et triplicitatem, honorem supradictas. triplicitatis, alio planeta, in suo eum
terminumque
The Latin Text
67
vocatur in orientem in/ signum quod ascendit et potest sciri leviter per instrumenta vel per tabu per horas diei, addendo super gradus Solis unum ta duabus ab ortu Solis. Hoc horis transactis signum pro quibuslibet rnen licet sit proximum veritati, non est mere verum, quia impossibile est ad meram veritatem sine tabulis vel instrumentis pervertir?. [26] Ascendens hora, f.-85r/qualibet vel modo las, grosso
[27]Dominus
ascendentis. Planeta manach. Planeta
ascendentis dicitur planeta qui est dominus signi
est habet sciri per hoc al quando retrogradans sue in ascendit circulo in altitudinis vel descendit qui scies per hunc modum. eodem Nam scies tab altitudinis per gradum ulas supradictas. erit ante gradum altitudinis [28] Et quando planeta minus vocatur et quando de .xc. gradibus est post gradum ascendens, vocatur minus de .xc. gradibus altitudinis autem descendens. Gradus
descensus
sive bisextus est oppositum (sic) gradus altitudinis. [29] Plan?te boni vel benef ortunati sunt Iupiter, Venus et Sol, et etiam Luna quando non habet aliquod de malis vel impedimentis
subscriptis. Item, licet Iupiter, Venus et Sol sint communiter boni,
potest
Mali
fieri quod eorum virtus
interdum aliquantulum debilitetur.
vero
communiter quod
et dampnosi sunt Saturnus et Mars, et Mercurius plan?te est dampnosus. Domus dicitur [30] s?ptima signum est oppositum esse in domo Planetam sui signi ascendentis.
malivoli
convertibilia
est quando
est in signo opposito
domui
sue. [31] Signa
id est in quibus unum tempus convertitur in sunt Career et stabilia aliud, Aries, Libra, (sic) Capricornus. Signa sunt Taurus, et Aquarius. seu duorum Leo, Scorpius Signa media sunt Geminis et Piscis. corporum (sic), Virgo, Sagittarius vadit minuta motus esse [32] Planetam in uno die minus tardum suo motu in suo motu vel qui cursu est medio, et .1. segondo (sic). Et dicitur velox Et cursus m?dius m?dius. Lune est est quando in Saturno duo
seu mobilia,
vadit plus quam quando .xiii. gradus et .x.minuta.
[33]9 Mala eclipsetur. dus eundo Lunam
et impedimenta Lune sunt multiplicia. Primum est quod Secundum sit Solem minus .xii. gra prope quam quod eum vel recedendo versus ab eo. Tertium inter quod
et gradum sint minus .xii. gradus ante vel quam oppositi cum retro. Quartum sit seu malis in co quod planetis dampnosis cum vel aspectu. niunctione sit virtute duod?cima Quintum quod Saturni vel Martis et hoc sit cum Capite Draconis scies per vel Cauda ad tabulas eius, Sextum supradictas. quod vel quod inter eos sit minus
.xii. gradibus.
a gradu quod sit tarda intervenientium
Septimum
usque in suo cursu. in hoc
quod sit in fine signi. Octavum

tertium Et usque tractatu.
quod sit
.xix. Libre
Nonum gradum Scorpionis. hic est declaratio vocabulorum
[34] Nunc sarias poner?.
incipiam
eius
intentionem
et regulas
in eo neces
IL 85v/ Regule huius

Si vis sit in signo aspectu opposito flebotoman Geminis
tractatus
vel febotomiam sit cum cave ne Luna (sic) facer?, nee sit in et Saturno Marte, nee sit in aspectu quarte vel sexti Martis est melior
(sic) nee
eorum, quarto, nee in opposito Tarnen aspectus tertii vel Mercurii. tertii vel sexti Saturni.
cave [35] Et generaliter quam aspectus quod non tangas cum ferro vel faciendo incisionem aliquod membrum, in Luna dum sit membro. dominante illo super apertionem, signo
[36] Verbi gratia, si vis incisionem vel apertionem

alicuius, signum erit-in non capitis, Geminis facias hoc dum facias Luna in collo erit nee hoc
facer? in capite
in signo Arietis est quod dum Luna erit in Tauro quod et sic de aliis. et ?ltimos Et hoc est in
est signum colli, nee facias hoc vel flebotomiam in brachiis dum Luna
quod est signum brachiorum, per primos probatum et experimentatum magistros
astrologia. laxati vel comestionem [37] Si vis dare potationem aliquam in illi Luna sit simili humori vam, quern vis expecta signo quod fac quod Luna vel evacuare. coleram, [38] Ut si vis purgare purgare seu calido et sicco, sicut est Aries, sit in signo Leo, igneo Sagittarius. malencoliam purgare sunt Taurus, excepto Virgo, in signo sit Luna fleumam, Et si vis flebotomare tarnen non Si vis condicionem Et si vis in signo terrestri, (sic), sit Luna qui Et si vis purgare tarnen Capricorno. et Piscis. aque, ut est Cancer, Scorpius in ali sit Luna subtilem evacuare, vel materiam
quo signo aeris, scilicet Geminis

sit in signo facer? evacuationem predictam illius membri
(sic), Libra, Aquarii
(sic). [39] Serva

Luna
[40] est purgare plus quam generalem?id unum uno [41] aque. signorum quod Luna sit in humorem?specta Et si est in signo Scorpionis, tres gradus transiverunt aspice quod Et si potes habeat facer? quod nullus aspec planetarum Scorpionis. tum facias cum Luna, melius erit. cave in Et [42] quacumque vel purgatione non det virtutem dominus evacuatione suam alicui quod
in flebotom?a, scilicet quod a quo vis minuere. sanguinem
per modum quod Luna etarum sit terram, nee super qui niunctionem hoc cum haberet,
ascendentis
plan co habeat
aliquo planetarum vomitaret patiens purgam. non nocet, dum suam tarnen non det vir qui sint sub terra, planetis tutem mali vel quia tune aspectus dampnoso retrogradanti, plan?te
terram, quia si qui sit super Et Luna dat virtutem si [43]
The Latin Text
69
etiam patiens vomitaret purgam.

purgam altitudinis in circulo Secundum quando Venere, Aben non vel
[44] Et si cum dabis ad bibendum
sue in circulo Saturnus ascendens laxativum, aliquod Lunam ad vel habebit earn, significat aspiciet aspectum
quod purga non faciet operationem

sue altitudinis,
quam deberet. Et si descendit

evacuationem
[45] significat superfluam. caveas est etiam necessarium Tolomei opinionem quod ne Luna sit cum love nee cum dabis potationem laxativam nee det eis virtutem, quia debilitaret et minueret si fieri potest opera quod laxa Luna
tivi. [46] Tarnen Moderni
hoc non concedunt, ut dicit Rabi Abraam
eius est respicere sed intentio Esdra, cum habeat Mercurio. aspectum
[47] Si vis dare potationem vomitativam, fac quod Luna sit in Tauro, vel quod det suam virtutem alicui plan?te qui sit in signo
Tauri, vel sit super vis quod infirmus signo aque, ad aliquem tarnen non electione venire ea que terram, vel sit retrogra-/f. 86r/-dans. [48] Et si in intret balneum, Luna sit expecta quod aliquo alio signo, dum tarnen habeat vel in quovis aspectum vel cum quovis bonum Solis, dum aspectu planetam, in opposito.
[49]Usque hue est quod reperimus

temporum in hiis alias pro dando potationes et t?mpora impossibile
in libris huius scientie de

laxativas et faciendo
flebotom?as,
[50] licet secundum principia

electiones Sed
scientie sit possibile
in
seu
nominavimus.
et inutilia perfecta est dare generalitatem
ultra
generalem regulam de hiis nisi sciendo principia scientie et adhuc etiam est difficile. Attamen quod supradiximus sufficit ad inten
tionem.
[51]Deliberavi
regulas breves,
tarnen applicare huic tractatui quedam dicta et

utiles tan partim et partim in prenos infirmo, tangunt cum hoc eum adiuvabit scientia quod medico sciat, que medico, vel saltern scire ut eas
multum
cum in regimine medici gunt ticatione accidentium infirmi, medicine, quia totum hoc est necessarium d?bet et eius de bene dominus velit dicere esse.
[52]Dicit Tolomeus
in egris
(supra: inCentiloquio
fuerint ascendens
.57.): cum septimum
quasi quia et septimum et eius dominus per egrum super medi significant cum. Ideo et eius dominus sunt quando per septimum dampnificati coniunctionem errorem vel per aspectum dampnosum, significat
remove medicum ab egro, impediti, su et eius dominus significant
medici;
dictum nemo de se
ideo d?bet removeri vel mutari

licet sit medico contrarium, tarnen ab erratis
et alium haberi. [53] Et hoc
potest infirmi sanitate
ipse hoc scire d?bet, quia et non est boni medici excusare, qui tract?t eius honor. errare, et in hoc vertitur [54] Unde,
cum bet
videbit
hec
signa,
dubitabit
in se ne erret
in cognoscendo cum bonam.
cau
sas infirmitatis vel quod vie medicine
sint ei occulte. Et ipsemet de

eo vel sine
alium medicum habeat requirere quod patiens et et famam sic faciet quod d?bet, eo, consequetur dant a<u>ctores rationem [55] Nescio quam creticis
diebus mento turbatos
medicine super ex in quibus si hoc habuerunt cadit boaran, experi stare Vidi tarnen sollemnes solum vel per rationem. medicos boaran bonum scientiam medicine, et perfectum in die et causam ne de a loco in quo
venire vident quando in quo non est boaran secundum horum boaran est esse cum
sciunt assignare.
causa facit
[56] Sed astrologi dant hiis causam, dicentes quod

in dispositionibus Nam certis
erat in principio
egritudinis.
stulto.
[57] Et dant exemplum
de hoc quod
sapiens litigans det stultum alieno iuvaminefulcitum, infirmitas se movet conatur ad super faciendum
cum vi sapiens quiescit litigio donee cesset illud iuvamen. Sic cum egritudinis. tempore. Sed Nam non
naturam
in principio in illo contrarium
expectat
quod Luna sit in loco contrarianti

egritudinis, in quo erat eius loco et quod virtus materie in principio egritudinis, est devictus. loco in quo
illi loco in quo erat in principio
adversarius contrariante
in eo non sit in casu que movetur eo et tune movetur natura, quod Luna est in [58] Et propterea, quando erat in principio cadunt egritudinis,
boaran, id est dies cretici, et/f. 86v/sunt

secundum
iusti et firmi et boni vel mali
Lune loco in quo erat in principio egritudinis, figuram ad Lunam. Et propter et hoc secundum [59] aspectum planetarum in et est ideo verior iustior boaran quia fortior aspectus oppositum, est dies ad opposi bono vel malo .xiiii., et tune est Luna perventa in principio Lunam sui loci. [60] Quia, si invenimus egritudinis in capite Arietis, erit in contrario loco in .xiiii. die egritudinis. [61] in qualitate est Libra que contrariatur Arieti Et locus contrarius pas tum siva. quin Et consimili sit contrarietas modo est omne oppositum, inter ea in qualitate ut [62] Et consimiliter utraque plerumque. in quadrato sui loci, est dies .vii., quia tune cum contrariantem loco principii egritudinis est quia impossibile activa vel passiva vel in Luna pervenit quando etiam in pervenit ad lo aliqua qualitatum
predictarum.
diei .vii. est,
[63] Et propter hoc dicunt quod terminus seu boaran

ideo quia Luna est Et dies
cum suo loco in in aspectu quarto .xiiii. est in aspectu vel op opposito egritudinis. principio .xx. vel .xxi. est et dies et dies secundo, quarto in-aspectu positions, in principio ad locum suum .xxvii. vel .xxviii. revertitur egritudinis. [64] Et tune, licet non sit contrarietas sive boaran bonus terminus bonum, tus sunt preteriti et contrarietas evenit aliquando omnes aspec quia postquam est et vetavit operata qualitatum qualitatum,
The Latin Text
71
quod egritudo [non] habuit conatum, debilitatur etminuitur virtus materie in tantum quod egritudo est in declinatione. [65] Et quando
Luna men est reversa aliis dies ad locum vitandum egritudinem, de boaran diebus est dies principii egritudinis, sicut ille qui r?cup?r?t dant creticus astrologi eo quia etiam Luna natura virtutem. movetur [66] Atta dicentes ad
quintus quod in quo erat in principio loco primo egritudinis. est in aspectu tertio loci principii egritudinis. .xi. et dies .xxiiii. est sicut quintus.
rationem, est in aspectu sexto Et simile in .xi. die .xvii. est sicut
Et dies
[67]Attamen
Luna sexto cursu terdum in quo interdum ad locum in quinto tardatur
termini qui cadunt in aliis diebus sunt ex eo quia
in suo cursu et pervenit in quarto vel in in quo pervenerat alia vice quando est tarda in suo Et propterea in vel in s?ptimo. boaran anticipatur est velox
quarto vel sexto, et pari modo

in suo cursu
de und?cimo
et pervenit
in fine noni. [68] Et in
aliquando non sunt boaran sed sunt prope dies boaran, sicut est qui dies Attamen dies .x., .xiii. et .xix. et .xx. et .xxvii<i>. [70] qui sunt .xxviii. iam dicunt medici in cadit istis de .vii. boaran quod prope10 in diebus
alia vice in s?ptimo. pervenit in et in sexto et in nono, et hec eadem quarto quando causa aliorum in quibus dierum demonstratur terminus
in principio noni ad locum Et ali ideo cadit boaran [69] causa est
in .vii. diebus. Et hoc est quia per antiquationem

natura versa non fuit conata quando Luna reversa est ad
(sie) egritudinis
locum suum in
principio
egritudinis.
[71] Et non potest moveri
donee Luna sit re
ad aspectum sui loci vel ad oppositum eius, quia hii quartum cum as sunt aspectus Et Luna in aliquo fortes. est [72] generaliter in natura sui loci movetur ad dominan pectu principio egritudinis dum Et vincit vel vincitur secundum super egritudinem. aspectus bonorum in circulo. vel malorum/f. [73] Attamen
Lunam et status vel 87r/ad non .xl. dies demonstratur post non est deter in die certo per artem medicine, aliquis boaran quia minatum scientiam medicine. Tarnen scientiam hanc [74] per per sciri potest dies termini per Solem, per scientem quia cursus Lune planetarum situs eorum
in egritudinibus
quatis cum aliis
acutis est iter Solis [vero] in egritudinibus

condicionibus quas longum esset sicut numerare,
anti
et non
est hic ponendus
locus. [75] Et in febribus que veniunt

revolutionum11 numerus termini
saltando
dierum in
erit <pro>portio numeri febribus continuis.
in [76] Sed tarnen pronosticare perfectione et in suo esse bono vel malo ficatione capitur tio secundum aspectus quia loca Lune predieta, planetarum boni plan?te bonorum
et in sui veri
super hoc demonstra vel dampnosorum ad na et bonum significant quod
tura d?bet nosi dini,
conari
et dominari malum vel sit in suo
significant et quod Luna
et plan?te egritudinem, nisi sit contrarius dampnum, super termino, quia tune non cum sunt nocet volo
damp egritu aspectus hie di
plan?te dampnosi.
et aliquantulum cere super hoc
[77] Sed loqui de hoc ut esset necesse sit longum

nescienti, regulas que tarnen faciles toto hoc ad sciendum.
durum aliquas
[78]12Primo dico quod si Luna quando est in quadrato sui loci

in principio erit in domo vel in suo opposito sua, vel in egritudinis non sui honoris, est semibonum domo licet habeat coniunc signum, nee aspectus cum illo. [79] Et per hunc mo cum Mercurio, tionem dum est cursus Solis si egritudo Et est contrarium si huius elongatur.
sunt Luna vel Sol in domo sui dedecoris vel suimalivoli.

in principio ciat aliquis aliquod cipii cogitabatur.
[80] Si Luna
est sine aspectu et in die termini13 earn aspi egritudinis vel malus, bonus innovabitur super egrum planetarum naturam secundum bonum vel malum de quo non plan?te, in quarto loco prin mo secundum signum de cavillis, in tali casu ter est
[81] Si Luna eclipsatur quando est malum vel in opposito, egritudinis
dum eclipsis.
caput Arietis
[82] Si signum ascendens

vel Libre et Luna erit in una
in principio egritudinis erit
mini erunt firmi absque dubio, et hoc quando Luna erit in quadrato vel eius opposito. [83] Si Luna in principio egritudinis est in signo mobili, significat properationem egri in bono vel malo. Et si est in
signo stabili, elongabitur egritudo. Si est in signo medio, mutabitur
egritudo ab una in aliam. [84] Si est causa egritudinis multiplicatio

humorum et lux Lune crescit, est valde durum. in corpore Et si lux est melius. est diminutio et eius minuitur, [85] Et si causa egritudinis lux Lune diminuitur, est durum. Et si crescit, est melius. Si Luna [86] in principio egritudinis est durum. est in signo [87] Et si est nature humoris qui g?n?r?t in signo contrario est verum si non habet si haberet, egri est egritudini, coniunctionem es
tudinem, Et totum hoc bonum signum. cum ad illum, quia vel aspectum planeta set secundum coniunctionem. vel aspectum [88] Coniunctio Lune cum Saturno
iudicandum
cum et specialiter gitudinem egritudinis, in est Attamen luminis, modicum [89] augmento dampni quando est tardus in suo cursu, multiplicatur Et si Saturnus ficat Saturnum.
et lon malum significat Lune lumen diminuitur.
inmalo. Et si est/f. 87v/velox,

et ante tus. est
diminuitur.
[90] Et si est retrogradus

egro et eger Et si est in
sanatus erit reinfirmabitur Solis, postquam oppositum sue eum in est loco altitudinis vel prope Si Saturnus [91] malum
constipatus, multiplicabitur suo descensu, minuetur malum. in suo descensu, multiplicabitur
super malum. est Et si eger est laxus, et Saturnus sua in Et est si malum malo. super
The Latin Text
73
altitudine, aspectu transivit
minuetur sexto vel medietatem
malum.
tertio, suorum
[92] Si Luna est valde bonum dierum.
est cum
love
vel
in eius
vel quadratus et est erit, leve et est
significat omni iustius medico
bonum, scienti
illi qui signum, maxime Et etiam aspectus oppositus sed cum labore egri.
[93] Et hoc est quod deliberavi

et verius non
comprehendere
si de hiis
in hoc tractatu,
sibi volu
scire, secundum
servir?
peccat, aliquando demonstrationes onstrationibus demonstrationes nem et bona occultum
est mirum, nativitatis egri a nativitatis
[94] Et si experimentatores. multotiens vel per accidet quia non sunt dem concordantes que
habitis
opera que omnes radices in hoc
et boaran, et ille temporibus egritudinis sunt principales vel confessio (?), per sententiam hominis vel per esse frangunt huius scientie a medico, quia impossibile
est eas omnes
comprehendere. tarnen est in potestate omnis Dei, qui est medicus [95] Totum carnis et est magnus et faciens mirabilia et solus nullus alius magna amen. ab ipso, qui vivit et r?gn?t in s?cula seculorum, Notes
tractatu
1. Fols 16v-22v. For a full description of the contents of this manuscript see C. Burnett, The kit?b al-lstam???s and aManuscript of Astrological and Astro nomical Works from Barcelona (Biblioteca de Catalunya, 634)', in idem, Magic and Divination in the Middle Ages, Aldershot, 1996, article VIL 2. These are the degrees within each sign over which each of the planets (not the Sun and theMoon) are said to rule in turn. In Table I the relative 'strengths' (virtutes) of being in a house or exaltation or being lord of a triplicity or a term are
given. 3. The signs are similarly divided into 'ninth-parts' and 'twelfth-parts,'
ruled in turn by the planets and the Sun and Moon.

4. For a convenient English version of Ibn Ezra's text see R. Levy, The Begin
ning ofWisdom, An Astrological Treatise byAbraham ibnEzra, an edition of theOld Trench Version of 1273 and an English Translation of the Hebrew Original, Baltimore, 1939.
5. 6. 7. Pseudo-Ptolemy, I.e., Scribe the tables adds in Centiloquium, at the end margin: of the verbum text. vocabulorum. 9.
narratio
8. See Table V. 9. Scribe writes 10. Hebrew

11. In the
in themargin: de impedimentis
id est
<Lune>.
implies 'post' ('after').

accessionum, quia s?ptima accessio est cr?tica in
margin:
febri tertiana et quartana, sed in febri continua dies Septimus est creticus. 12. The scribe adds in themargin: nota has regulas.
13. In the margin: i.e. diei cretici.
co 3 3 u 3
S
a, t?
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en c?
"*
t?
sJh co
vu
g?
c? vo t? ^ co a?
U t? O) 43 "ti c? ?vCD ^ t? 1?1 CO vu 3
g 6
vu CD 3 S 52 ?
VOg
?SS
CO
?|
? J^ in
> in vh eu CO42 u ?
e fi > IN t? s
u SS
CO
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S5
C? CD
es
cC ?
CO
c? Oh 3 j
CO
i CD
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CO
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CO t? O C? U TS CL, 3
^ s *?
43
CO a ?
GO CO
5 li
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S S ? :& i? g IE s
tu ? ^ S5 g ^ :t? -ti3
s ^N J? 3 t?
y s ?S 3 ?
KJ c? t?
<G co
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75
s 3
IN CO I B. CO CD
IT)
vO co in
? II 00 CO t? 8 CL) II ^ 3 g B C? CD co ?^ t? 00 in
I!
S3 sa
5
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VO
V*J S S o
t? "c/T
oo
a 3 cu
t? + 5 cu
^-<
? O ?> H
vo" i ?CD IN
cd
S3 S fi
a>
S8 t? ? |
? CD
g ,$ CD CD ^-^ 4-?
UT-?
CO t? CDgm
(X c? as
ss
.9*3 VD IN H
S fr
s ??
t?1 H-1
CL) CO &
C?'Eh 3M t?i
S?
r-1 HH
s jg 'a'
C? CD
C? s
Cl, t?
?8
(B (X 3 c? 2 ?*
CO I C? CD
co t? j O CD
CO 3-S t? u I ?3
X
g US xl is
c 43 ? g
JD
3^
CD
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lis? S>: co
'S S ?sso g g x?
c G X? '0 C0V t? c? O CD
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43 U l? XJ ? g y u u ^ s S S '? ?
t-J G X> CD CD
xj
li?is
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cj t? t? y is * CD S 5 .a t? t? ? S Xi X c? c?
c -a ? cd ?1 jh
y cr iS 'C CDt? ? rA (? co <?3 co c? ?S 5d'S CD .in O X?
G 4-? p
CD co CD
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C?
c? o
CL, t?
~ 3 CD t? XI CD XI 3o y CD O CD
?H XI ? o t? sCD CD % vj_i
c?
co
t?
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00 CM
IN CM
? 'S
is? Sm
J
? C
t? s ?
t? S
S 2 N S G W
I C? CD
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II CD
?CD
?ti
'S 5)
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The Latin Text
77
Table II, f. 88v

signa Aries Mars, faci?s Sol, Iupiter vile Saturnus .21. malivolencia Venus .25. Mars 1,8, Venus 2,7, Mercurius 3,6, Luna 4, Sol 5, Iupiter 9 Saturnus 1,2, Iupiter 3, Mars 4, Venus 5, Mercurius Luna
Indiani: (3)5
Venus Taurus Luna, Venus,6 Saturnus Mars Caput Martis sue draconis et domus letiticie
Indiani: (2)
Mercurius Geminis Iupiter, Mars, Saturnus, bisextus eius Mars in .xii.? .28.
Sol
Indiani: Mercurius, Venus, Saturnus Cancer Venus, Mercurius, Luna Indiani: Mars, Leo Saturnus, Mars Luna, Iupiter Iupiter,
Iupiter et locus altitudinis Solis
6,9, 7, Sol 8 Venus 1,8, Mars 2,7, Iupiter 3,6, Saturnus Mercurius 9
4,5,
Infernus Iovis
draco
Luna
in .9. gradu et draco Saturni in .19. Saturnus altitudo Martis in .25.? Venus .27.
1, Sol 2, Mercurius 3, Venus Mars 5, Iupiter 6,9,
4,
Saturnus Mars
Indiani: (1)Sol Virgo

Sol, Venus, Mercurius Indiani: Mercurius, Venus Saturnus, Libra Luna, Saturnus, Sol .19. altitudo Mars, in Mercurii .25. gradibus Iupiter
7,8 1,8, Venus 2,7, Mercurius 3,6, Luna 4, Sol 5, Iupiter 9 Saturnus 1,2, Iupiter 3, Mars 4, Venus 5, Mercurius 6,9, Luna 7,
Sol 8
Venus Iupiter 3,6, 5, Mercurius 1,8, Mars 2,7, Saturnus 9 4,
Iupiter Indiani: Venus, Saturnus, Mercurius Scorpius Mars, Sol, Venus Luna .3.
Venus
Luna
Indiani: (2) Iupiter, (3)Luna

Sagittarius Mercurius, Saturnus Indiani: Mars, Capri cornus Luna, Mercurius, Saturni altitudo in .xii.?
1, Sol 2, Mercurius Venus 4, Mars 5, Iupiter 6,9, Saturnus
3, 7,8
Mars
Iupiter, Sol Sol Iupiter .25/ Luna
1,8, Venus 2,7, Merucrius 3,6, Luna 4, Sol 5, Iupiter
Iupiter, Mars,
Saturnus Mars
Indiani: (1)
Saturnus Venus (2), Sol et bisextus Martis in .xii.?
1,2, Iupiter 3, 4, Venus 5, Mercurius 6,9, Luna 7,
Sol 8
Venus 1,8, Mars 2, 7, 4,5, Iupiter 3,6, Saturnus Mercurius 9
Aquarius
Venus, Mercurius, Luna Indiani: Saturnus,
Mercurius, Venus Piscis Saturnus, Iupiter, Luna, Mars Indiani: Iupiter, Luna, Mars Indorum indicate whether the Indians make the planet lord of the first, second, Mercurius .15. malivolentia Lune Iovis in .xv.? in .xxiii.? et bisextus Luna 1, Sol 2, Mercurius 3, Venus 4, Mars 5, Iupiter 6, 9, Saturnus 7,8
Faci?s
ver?
faci?s
5The numbers or third decan. 6This should 7This should be be
in brackets 'Mercurius/ '15'.
78 Hebrew Medical Astrology, David Ben Yom Tov, Kelal Qatan Table III, f. 89r
signa virtus .xii.
Aries Taurus Geminis Cancer
Mars 1,8, Venus 2, 7,Mercurius 3,6, Luna 4, Sol 5, Iupiter 9,12, Saturnus 10,11 Venus 1, 6,Mercurius 2,5, Luna 3, Sol 4, Mars 7,12, Iupiter 8,11,
Saturnus 9,10
Mercurius
Saturnus
1,4, Luna 2, Sol 3, Venus 5,12, Mars 6,11, Iupiter 7,10,

8, 9
Luna 1, Sol 2,Mercurius

Saturnus 6, 7, Luna 128
3,12, Venus 3,10, Mars 4, 9, Iupiter 5,8,
Leo Sol 1,Mercurius 2,11, Venus 3,10, Mars 4, 9, Iupiter 5, 8, Saturnus 6, 7, Luna 12 Mercurius 1,10, Venus 2, 9,Mars 3,8, Iupiter 4, 7, Saturnus 5, 6, Virgo Luna 11, Sol 12 Libra Venus 1, 8,Mars 2, 7, Iupiter 3, 6, Saturnus 4, 5,Mercurius 9,12, Luna 10, Sol 11 Mars 1, 6, Iupiter 2,5, Saturnus 3,4, Venus 7,12, Mercurius 8,11, Scorpius Luna 9, Sol 10 Iupiter 1,4, Saturnus 2,3, Mars 5,12, Venus 6,11, Mercurius 7,10, Sagittarius Luna 8, Sol 9 Saturnus 1,2, Iupiter 3,12, Mars 4,11, Venus 5,10, Mercurius 6, 9, Capricornus Luna 7, Sol 8
Aquarius Saturnus 1,12, Iupiter 2,11, Mars 3,10, Venus 4,9, Mercurius 5,8,
Piscis
Luna 59, Sol 7 Iupiter 1,10, Mars 2, 9, Venus 3, 8,Mercurius Saturnus 11,12
4, 7, Luna 5, Sol 6,
8This should be 'Luna 1, Sol 2,Mercurius 9, Saturn 7,8/ 9This should be '6/
3,12, Venus 4,11, Mars 5,10, Iupiter 6,
The Latin Text
79
Table IV, f. 89v condiciones hore eius addite,

ascensiones diminute, forma pedum, media quatuor vox signa membra
egritudines epilencia, dolor

aurium, naris,
Aries
caput, faci?s, pupilla

oculi, aures
decite
oculorum, macularum
(?),
hore eius addite,

ascensiones diminute, quatuor pedum, vox
Taurus
collum,
gutur
porcellane truges,
sive tortura
colli seu glandule, gibositas
media hore eius addite,

ascensiones
Geminis
spatule, armus,
brachia, manus
omnis
infirmitas
qui
diminute, forma hominis hore eius longe,

ascensiones
et sanguinis, omnis morbus
accidit inmembris Cancer

pectus, coste, pulmo, pectus, cor, viscera vene lumbi, nuclea mamille, latera, iecur spien,
predictis omne quod accidit in dictis membris et

oculorum gravitas morbus membrorum predictorum
addite, forma
uteris aque
hore eius longe,

ascensiones longe, quatuor pedum, vox forma
Leo
stomacus, superiora, dorsum, coste,
media hore longe,

ascensiones longe, hominis forma forma et avis, vox
Virgo
venter,
intestina, iliace
infirmitas
membrorum
diafragma,
predictorum
omnis morbus proveniens malencolia Libra
et
ex
fortis
hore breves, forma
quod est subtus

ventrem membrum virile, muliebre et renes vel sexum et dunes prope
retentio
urine
et
ascensiones longe,
inferius sanguis descendens et obscuritas oculorum
hominis
hore
breves,
Scorpius
verecundus
locus
macula cancer, et seu
oculorum, verola,
ascensiones longe, forma
id est pect?n,
membrum sexus mulieris viri
lepra, macule
scorpionis
sive pigues
faciei, calvities, <i>moroyde
virilis, virga et anus
vulva
hore
breves,
Sagittarius
genitivos
et
80 Hebrew Medical Astrology, David Ben Yom Tov, Kelal Qatan Table IV, f. 89v condiciones
hore breves, signa membra
egritudines
cecitas, cadere calvicies, de
Sagittarius
genitivos
membrum additum
et
seu et femora
ascensiones longe, forma
alto, morbus proveniens ex veneno et morsibus silvestrium et
media hominis etmedia equi
superfluum seu crura
propter
incisionem membri hore breves, Capricornus genua genua, verola,
ascensiones breves
lepra, mutuitas, surditas, obfuscatio occulorum et calvicies,
sanguis qui descendit ad

inferiora hore breves, Aquarius forma tibie et earum caville infirmitas malencolia, ictericia incisio nigra, venarum, tibiarum,
ascensiones breves,
hominis
hore breves,
Piscis
pedes et digiti
eorum
vacce (?) infirmitas pedum

digitorum eorum, gracella, lepra et generaliter est signum infirmitatum
et
ascensiones breves
The Latin Text
81
Table V, f. 90r virtus

plan?te et eorum corporis
complectiones Saturnus: frigidus

et siccus, dampnosus, masculinus, diurnus malus,
membra corporis
ossa, melsa,
egritudines
vesania, par?lisis, tremor, apoplexia,
planetarum .9.
auris dexter (sic),

vesica, colera
lepra, infirmitas pedum infirmitas levis, cito

et transiens
Iupiter: calidus et
humidus, masculinus, Mars: siccus, calidus, ardens, bonus, diurnus
auris dura, omnis fel, nar sanguis renes,
sinistra, coste
sanguis dester, venarum, virga adustus dexter omne accidens oris .15. febris ?nica, etica, rubee, vesania, ulcera .8.
bamboles timor,
dampnosus, femininus, nocturnus Sol: calidus et siccus,
virilis, torela (?),

sanguis cor, oculus in die
prodest masculinus,
et nocet, diurnus
et nocte, vene, dextra corporis
cerebrum, medietas totius
Venus: frigidus et humidus,

bonus, nocturnus Mercurius: temperatus, femininus,
caro,
sagimen, epar, omnes
pinguedo, sperma, humores Lingua, (sic),
omne quod accidit renibus et in locis turpibus et occultis, ut

in pectine. anime, ut et infirmitas
.7.
ors arterie, et
.7.
mobilis, declinans ad frigiditatem et

siccitatem
habet partem in
sanguine
ymaginatio, iracundia
tristicia
Luna: fr?gida et
h?mida, m?dico f eminina cum calore, nocturnus
In die oculus
sinister pulmo viscera matrix, latus et in nocte et gutur, superiora, totum sinistrum
communis ex habundantia humoris
infirmitas
.12.
(sic)
Dicit Aristoteles
lapidum eralium nantem turis,
in libro de secre<tis>
c<apitulo>
de proprietate
et dispositio planetarum quod gradus essentiam secundum recipit for[mam] et naturam in eo secundum originem vincens vincens in plantis est natura est natura
et lapidum min et domi vincentem a superioribus et in mineralibus na
unde
lapi]dibus extensionem [impe]tum diversarum
de natura
[et aque terrea. Recipit ergo natura plantarum sicut aqua recipit extensionem per aquarum ventorum quia in aqua et non loco, et sicut aqua est sunt multe sic accidit figure, in suo
et impulsionem figurarum, in plantis
in plantis
vincens incessanter versaliter
[quod] omnes figure inveniuntur

sit aqua extenditur
in plantis. Cum itaque

nisi per diffusionem,
et operator d[iso]lutionis
vel diffusionis
aquarum sit perpetuus

uni quomodo et r?git dispo Saturnus gratia,
et
nit quod tenet terram, non reperitur
in suo celo, scilicet Mercurius, operans verum est quod unusquisque [plajneta sue nature. Verbi et assimilatur convenit Mercurius hec
et aerem, [Mars] aquam, ignem, Iupiter eorum in operibus vel convenientia planetarum
corporibus
habent versalem
sed in oppositionibus
virtutes que est super
vel operationibus
quod semper
uni etc.
continuas
virtutem per superiorem perpetuas omnes virtutes istarum operationum
Chapter Four Modern English Translation
&
ays David Ben Rabbi Yom Tov: [1] Since?as has already been explained1 the forms in2 the world of composite things are subordinate3 to the forms of the
spheres change; and and receive since from astrology,4 them kind of impression every i.e. its theoretical5 part, studies and the
ways inwhich change effected by the force of the spheres occurs in theworld of the elements; while <also> themovement from health
to illness change6 overlap medicine is a change; and since medicine studies this some in <human> and there is necessarily bodies; relationship between these two arts, i.e. (or: common ground; shittuf) we mentioned and that part of astrology which above. and vice versa
[2] Knowledge of the art of medicine, of the <different> na tures of individuals7 and of <other> medical things is part of the
so that he can avail himself of the astrologer of the force8 perfection are passive and prepare to receive of the spheres those who the ef fect of the agents of [or: active forces] or that he can repel much9
the effect of the agents if he wants

the forces effects he will of the spheres and
to. [3] Similarly, knowledge

on individuals on
of the
[i.e. also
their application
is part
of the perfection
understand things
of the physician.
and proximate from the aspect are disposed he11 will
Thus he10 will understand
of the distant
that passive these forces].
agents passive things of the action of cause]) and towards this [i.e. he will under to make a
stand from the aspect of the disposition

Therefore, be able nor
of passive bodies to receive

prognosis man will about raise
good and bad crises, better than he had been able to do on the ba
sis of his doubts art alone. about this. Neither a scholar a common
83
since?as life is said12?<human> [4] However, Hippocrates too short13 and every one of these arts is too long, so that one can in even one of them, but only not reach perfection and completeness no one to master lives all of [some of] its many long enough parts,14 the subdisciplines <of medicine smaller both and15 and and astrology>, let alone that one
would
hearts be
live long enough tomaster both arts completely.

have grown those if such
[5] For the

are
of the latter generations a person thing. would
like a very fine needle.

found to master itwould
It16 is therefore impossible

arts, wondrous
that anyone can

be found,
be an uncommonly
[6] It is better for every human being tomaster one science than to know a little bit of this and a little bit of that. Therefore, only
rarely though can one find a it is necessary with knowledge physician for his art as17 we have said. of astrology al [7] Sometimes18
they go to those who do have this knowledge or to those of whom they think that they have this knowledge and accordingly choose
the times for their treatment.19
friend and20 one of the experts [8] Therefore, a distinguished inmedicine in our time has asked me?since he thought something
that is not astrology tion of purgatives, so21 ?to22 a which compose physician a concise needs every and bleedings, and vomitives, for these and their execution needs careful con (kelal qatan) summary day for the administra of
I to say that, were [9] I23 knew to I not write "I do not know" the book>, would astrology <enough I do know, since itwould that which become <be able to> maintain I do not know. And I know my own worth, I since that publicized
potions are <needed> always things in order to be successful. sideration
refused to turn him down so that he would not think that Iwould refuse to satisfy him.24 [10] I therefore granted his request according tomy ability25 from the books composed on this subject. I did not
anything new of my who own. wants Now to use Iwill begin, may God26 me. [11] I say that anyone this concise summary
contribute help
(kelal qatan),27 should first of all learn to compute the daily positions
from the almanac. [12] To learn this is very easy planets no es who knows for someone theory at all.28 [13] This holds true five for the Saturn, Sun, namely, Jupiter, Mars, planets, pecially can be learned in a very easy and for their positions and Mercury, even of the seven
quick way.29 [14] But the computation of Venus and theMoon is difficult and somewhat complicated for someone who is not used
to it. Therefore, computation if someone of them wants some to make practice an exact and correct [15] Al he needs in its study.
Modern English Translation
85
ternatively, the Moon) with end him
he
can have
computed
the positions of those planets (Venus over many days and years?something tables which tables, which information their apogee about are are usually excerpted the natures written
and that at the
could also be obtained from experts.30 [16] Equally, he should have

the astronomical These of the almanac. in a concise
way by the astrologers

easy and quick provide the planets, their houses,
from the books on this science and which

and perigee, of the signs, their exaltation,
detriment and fall, their triplicity, limit and decan [17] and about the other things necessary for this treatise?I thought it good to select from these tables that which is vital for the intention of this
treatise, for not every one has astronomical tables. [18] Only a few
things amongst those which I selected are not vital for this treatise. I appended them (the astrological tables) so that if someone has
this treatise he does not have to search after those tables. Instead,
along with this treatise, he needs only to know the positions of the [19] Once he is able to planets in one of the ways311 mentioned.
learn tention the positions of this He of the planets he can use in one <this of the ways information> or mentioned32
and the other things which

treatise, does
he should know according
to the in
on his own
for the selection of the times proper for purgatives,

vomitives.33 astronomer.34 not have to ask an astrologer
bleedings
experienced
and
[20]Now that we have set forth what someone who wants to use this treatise should know Iwill begin according tomy intention and will first of all give an explanation of the terms used by the masters of this science which feature in this treatise.35 [21] It is said that one planet is in conjunction with another planet when it is in
the same sign <as the other>, and each of the planets is within the
strength of the body36 of the other. The strength of the body of each
can be found in the tables attached of the planets to the almanac37 occurs when mentioned before. the <elonga [22] Quartile aspect tion> between two planets is 90?, opposition it is> 180?, <when
trine <when
have
it is> 120?, and sextile <when

even
it is> 60?. [23]All these

falls short the degree
the strength of the aspect aspects <a than less 6?,38 whether by quantity>
if the aspect above or below
of the aspect. [24] For instance, if <the elongation> between two stars is 96? or 84?,39 the aspect is quartile; but the40harm caused by
each planet is not as strong as when the aspect is exact. So also for
the other aspects. [25] It is said of a planet that it exerts itsmight when it is in its own house or in41 the house of its exaltation or in42 the house of its triplicity or in its limit or decan,43 and forms a
or aspect with another conjunction limit and decan, altation, triplicity, to the almanac. the tables attached44
<As to> the houses, planet. all this can be determined
ex from
[26] The Ascendant

can be known45 by means
is the sign rising in the east each hour. It

of instruments46 that have one; or tables; or approxi
mately
gree This
through the hours of the day by adding one sign to the de

last method for every is a very two hours approximate since it rose. passed to deter the only way
of the Sun
mine it <exactly> is through tables or instruments. [27] The Lord of the rising sign is called "The Lord of the Ascendant."47 A planet
can be known In is called "retrograde" from the49 almanac. which48 a one can same know the way rising in the orb of its apogee planet can be known or <a in it. The of apogee degree planet> descending to the almanac.51 tables attached50 from the above-mentioned [28]
When
it is before the degree of apogee, less than 90?, it is called "ris ing," and when it is after the degree of apogee, less than 90?, it is called "descending." The degree of perigee lies opposite the degree [29]Good or benefic planets are Jupiter, Venus, the Sun and the
of apogee. Moon when the Moon is not suffering from one of the corruptions
described below. Similarly, although Jupiter, Venus and the Sun are mostly benefics, it is possible that their power and beneficial52 in
fluence is generally cending to <that Saturn are53 weakened. so <i.e. malefio. sign of> is called its house. "the and Mars [30] That which seventh house."54 are malefic, and Mercury is opposite the as It is said of a planet
that it is in the house of its detriment when
it is in the sign opposite
are Aries, Libra, Cancer [31] Tropical signs55 and Aquarius. and Capricorn. Fixed signs are Taurus, Leo, Scorpio and Pisces. Virgo, Sagittarius signs are Gemini, Bicorporal
[32] It is said of planet that it is slow56 inmotion when

tion motion more in one motion. is less than day its motion is 0;2,1. It is fast when of Saturn than its mean motion. The mean <daily> motion [33] Corruption to the Sun, of the Moon <can occur> its mean The mean in one in many
itsmo
<daily>
day is of the Moon ways: from it.
is 13;10?. twelve
One of them is that it is eclipsed. The second is that it is closer than

degrees going towards it or separating
The third is that between it and the degree of its opposition are less than 12 degrees before or after it. The fourth is that it is in con junction or aspect with malefics. The fifth is that it is in Saturn's or
Mars's or that dodecatemorion. there is less than This can be derived between from them. the above-men The seventh is
tioned tables. The sixth is that it iswith

12 degrees
theHead or Tail of the nodes
87
that it is in the end of the sign. The eighth is that it is between 19? Libra and 3? Scorpio. The ninth is that it is slow in itsmotion.57 So
much for the explanation <now> [34] Iwill to the intention in this treatise. featuring ac start to mention the rules necessary If you want to perform of this treatise.58 of the terms
cording of Gemini
bloodletting, when
with
be careful not to do so when

it is <in an conjunction>
theMoon
with Saturn
is in the sign
or Mars59 or
or when But
it forms the aspect of a quartile or opposition with

Mercury.60 aspect of a trine or sextile is better
them or
than one
of these aspects with Saturn. [35] In general, be careful not to use an iron <instrument> for surgery in61 one of the parts of the body when theMoon is in the sign indicating62 that part <of the body>.63 [36] For instance, if you want to perform surgery in the head or64 to let blood from it, do not do so as long as theMoon is inAries which is the sign of the head. If you want to let blood from the neck, <do
not do has been sus of both so> as long as the Moon is in Taurus, the sign of the neck.65 the consen
And so also with regard to all of the other <parts of the body>. This
tested and67 it is accepted by experience,66 and modern the ancient <authorities.>68 by
[37] If you want to administer a foodstuff or potion in order to purge <the body of a patient>, do so when theMoon is in a sign similar to the humor which you want to expel.69 [38] For instance, if
you want bile, when to expel the Moon yellow bile, do of> so when the Moon is in <one of>
the fiery signs,70 namely, Aries, Leo and Sagittarius. And71 black
is in <one Taurus and Virgo. ricorn, namely, so when the Moon is in <one of> Scorpio and Pisces. And the earthy for Cap signs except If you want to expel phlegm, do the watery Cancer, signs, namely, if you want to expel blood, i.e., to perform
bloodletting,72
do so when
the Moon
is in one of the airy signs,

observe is not in
Libra Gemini, namely, the condition mentioned to expel you do she has fluids
and Aquarius. [39] But you should that the Moon above, namely,
the sign of the bodily part that you want

bodily so when passed in general,
to bleed.
than
[40] If you want

one take fluid, care you that other
i.e.,73 more
should do so when
theMoon
is in one of the watery
signs. [41] If
that no
the Moon 3? Scorpio,
is in the sign of Scorpio, and if you can take care
planet will aspect her, thatwould be even better. [42]Whatever purgative you intend to give,
<when Ascendant you administer is not it> the Moon with does a not give above
take care that

to one for
her power the horizon,
of the <other> planets above the horizon,74 and that the Lord of the
in conjunction planet
if that is the case he will regurgitate the potion.75 [43]And if <at that
moment>
the Moon
gives
her power
to <one
of the> planets
under for
the horizon
in a bad moment
it is not harmful, but only if it does not give her power

to one of the malefics a or to a retrograde planet, the Moon
aspect
this also indicates that he will

that you administer
regurgitate
purgative
the potion.
Saturn aspects
[44] If at the
while it rises in the orbit of its apogee, it indicates that the purgative will not purge in a proper way. But if it is descending in the orbit of its apogee, it76 indicates that itwill purge more than necessary. [45]
According isters a Venus one should to Ptolemy, also not is that the Moon purgative take care when <in aspect> the effect with one admin or Jupiter of the purga
tive would <Ibn
or gives to them, its power and weaken.77 diminish For care
for then
[46] However,
later astrologers pos
did not agree with him, as is attested by the learned R. Abraham

Ezrax sible?take one should?when to his opinion according that the Moon does not aspect Mercury.78
when
[47] If you want to administer an emetic, you should do so theMoon is in the sign of Taurus or when it gives its power
or to a is above the hori to a planet that is in79 Taurus planet which a zon or want to If bathe [48] you retrograde. patient?whatever80
patient
the watery
itmay be?you
signs
should do so when
sign
theMoon
that it
is in one of
aspects81 one
or in any
on condition
of the benefics or that it forms any aspect with the Sun except for opposition. [49] So much forwhat can be found in the books which
we have on this science about the selection to administer potions82 and purgatives times of the <proper> and to perform bleedings.
[50]According
to the principles
and fundamentals
and
of this science it
to find other elections83 is possible we mentioned. those which besides give a
[51] I thought that itwould be a good thing to add to this some short sayings and rules which itwould be good87 for a physician to know and which will be of assistance to him, in addition to his knowledge ofmedicine. Some of them deal with the treatment given by the physician to the patient and others deal with a prognosis of what will happen to the patient. For88 the physician should know all of these things which belong to his science as well as possible. [52] Ptolemy said:When the seventh <house> and its Lord are
harmed in89 a patient, give
rule regarding general the and84 methods of edge principles Yet what we times be determined>.85 for our purpose. be enough
and proper However, this matter. Only of have this
times improper to it is impossible means of knowl by science about <can those it might86
written
means by this that the Ascendant
the patient90
another
physician.91
He
and its Lord indicate the patient
89
while
the
seventh
<house> the seventh
and
its Lord and
indicate its Lord
when Therefore, cause of amalefic
house
the physician. are harmed be to an error or mis
conjunction
or aspect,
it points
take by the physician, who should for this reason be replaced.92 [53] Although this statement is directed against the physician he should
nevertheless and "who be familiar with can understand is free from mistakes? it, for nobody one who A mistakes?"93 good physician,
aims to bring health to the patient, should94 not be so faulty as to refrain from this <i.e. taking himself off the case> for the sake of When he sees these signs he should suspect that he his honor. [54]
made or that in recognizing the cause95 of the disease to treat itwere hidden the <correct> he from him. Therefore, ways or to engage to next be should another request replaced physician a mistake
to himself and thus do what

name.97
is correct and good96 and get a good
[55] I do not know what cause the learned physicians adduce for the days inwhich the crisis falls, nor whether their opinion about
it is based seen and men cause expert complete on experience physicians crisis on a day adduce only become But I have reasoning. logical saw a when alarmed98 they good on which a crisis does not fall accord for these things and is in well-known say that the configu or on
ing to themedical
of this science99 for these
science and could not give a reason for it. [56] But
a cause is that100 the Moon
crises
rations101with
respect to its position in the beginning of a disease. [57] They compare this to the action of a wise litigant towards a foolish one.102 For the disease overwhelms Nature at the beginning,
she she waits [Nature] until makes the Moon no move arrives disease> then be the Moon right, to defeat it at that time. contrary at a position will <Nature> <Instead,> to that in
but
which
matter ning
was at the beginning of the disease so that the power of the it

by it <the of the disease. And moved [58] For when occur and will not be as itwas awakens at the begin to overcome its
opponent. crises104
to it,103 is in a position opposite or and beneficial bad ac proper
cording to the configuration of theMoon with respect to its position at the beginning of the disease. [59]And according to the aspects
of the planets with her?the strongest of which is opposition?the
most true and right crisis for good or for bad will be <on> the four teenth day.105 Then theMoon has arrived opposite its <initial> po sition. [60] For instance, ifwe find theMoon at the beginning of the disease in the beginning of Aries, itwill arrive at the opposite of this position on the fourteenth day of the disease. [61] The opposite of this position is Libra which is the opposite of Aries in the quality
affected one
by another
it. Similarly, all oppositions in the quality either active
are <in
to necessarily contrary them> or in the quality
affected <by them> or in both and this (i.e. that they are contrary to both) is <true> formost <casesx [62] Similarly, when it attains
<at the onset of illness>, with its position <aspect> quartile namely, a on the seventh at it also arrives is contrary to which day, position at its position in one of the abovemen the beginning of the disease
tioned qualities. [63] It is therefore said that the crisis occurs on the seventh day when theMoon forms the aspect of a quartile with its position at the beginning of the disease. And on the fourteenth day <when it forms> the aspect of opposition and on the twentieth or
twenty-first day <when it forms> the aspect of a second quartile,
while
on the twenty-seventh or twenty-eighth day it returns to its position at the beginning of the disease.106 [64]And although there
is no contrariness a good crisis.108 in qualities in that sometimes there is position,107 For after all the aspects have passed and contrary have been activated, and a strengthening of the disease the power of the matter109 is so much weak prevented,
qualities has been
ened that the disease
is declining.
[65]And when
theMoon
returns
to is
at the to its position moves of the disease, Nature beginning overcome in a reinvigorated reason the disease A fashion.110 [66]
also given111 for the other days of crises. It is said: The fifth day is a day of a crisis because it (i.e. theMoon) forms the aspect of a sextile with its initial position where itwas at the beginning of the disease. Similarly, on the eleventh day itwill form the aspect of a trine with
its position at the beginning of the disease. The seventeenth day is
like the eleventh day and the twenty-fourth like the fifth day.112 [67] The reason that crises fall on the other days is that the
Moon or sixth seventh pears is sometimes at <day> when day fast in its motion so that it arrives a position it only which in its motion. it is slow on the fourth reaches113 on the fourth on the fifth or
earlier,
namely,
a crisis ap is why This or on the sixth and day similarly
at the end of the ninth <day> instead of the eleventh.114 [68] Some times it is slow in itsmotion and arrives at the beginning of the
ninth the not <day> at a position sixth seen and ninth at which it arrives at other times on the
seventh <day>.
fourth, is sometimes
[69] For this reason the crisis sometimes

<day>, on other
falls on
fall but which
and for this very same reason it a crisis on which does days <normally> are on the tenth, to a day of crisis, namely, adjacent
thirteenth, nineteenth,
twentieth and twenty-eighth
<day>.
[70]As
for the days after115 the twenty-eighth, that the crisis will fall on them every
the physicians said already seven reason for The days.
91
this Nature
has become is that, because of the fact that the disease chronic, to the position itwhen returns the Moon has not overcome
inwhich
only
itwas at the beginning

active when
of the disease.
returns
[71] It can therefore

of a quar
become
the Moon
to the aspect
tile or opposition with its <initial> position because these are strong aspects. [72] In general, when theMoon forms any aspect with its
position at the beginning of a disease Nature awakens to overcome
the disease. Nature wins or is defeated depending on whether it is aspected by benefics or malefics and their position in the sphere. [73]After the fortieth day no crisis can be distinguished on a certain
it cannot be deter because day from the point of view of medicine an <can distin in science But this mined medicine.116 [74] expert by
guish it>117by means of the Sun. For the way of theMoon in acute diseases is <similar> to theway of the Sun in chronic diseases, but
with different
lengthy in this treatise. [75] In the case of intermittent fevers the ratio of the number of the cycles(?) is similar to the number of the
days in continuous fevers.119
stipulations.118
However,
to relate
these would
be too
[76]An indication for a prognosis

a crisis, its verification and of malefics from the aspects its goodness or benefics
about the completeness

or badness with can be derived the above-mentioned
of
positions of theMoon. For the benefics indicate goodness and that Nature will overcome the disease while themalefics indicate bad ness120 unless it (i.e., themalefic) is opposite to the disease and the Moon within its limit. For then the aspect of themalefic will do no harm. [77]And although a discussion of this according towhat is necessary would be lengthy and difficult for someone121 who does
not practice forms house a this art, Iwill <aspect> nevertheless with mention some general rules of the
regarding this which

quartile
are easy to know.

its position
[78] I say that if theMoon

at the beginning
disease or is in the aspect of opposition
to itwhile
it is in its own
sign, although an aspect with or
or in the house of its exaltation, it is a semi good nor forms it neither with Mercury forms a conjunction <is true> when they are in the house
it. [79] The same holds good for the Sun if the disease persists. The
opposite of their detriment
fall. [80] When theMoon is at the beginning of the disease without not aspected by any planet> but is on the122day of the <i.e. aspect limit aspected by a good or bad planet, something that has not been expected will occur to the patient and that is good or bad according to the nature of the planet.123 [81] When theMoon is eclipsed while it forms <the aspect of> a quartile or opposition with its position at the beginning of the disease, it is a bad sign, according to the eclipse.123
When at the beginning of the disease the rising sign is the begin [82] ning of Aries or Libra while theMoon is in one of the cardines, the
crises will be certain without any doubt when the Moon arrives at
When theMoon at the beginning of the quartile or opposition. [83] disease is in a tropical sign, it indicates that the124 condition of the pa tient will change quickly for the good or the bad. When it is in a fixed sign the disease will be prolonged and when it is in a bicorporal sign
he will disease Moon suffer from one disease after is an increase <of humors>125 iswaxing, it is hard <to curex [84] If the cause of the in the body while <also> the it is But when it is bet waning, another.
ter <for the cure of this type of illnessx [85] If the cause of the disease is a decrease <of humors in the body> while theMoon wanes it is
grave.126 But when it iswaxing, it <i.e. the astrological which caused indication> the disease, is
better. [86] When

corresponding
theMoon
to the nature
is at the beginning of the disease in a sign

of the humor
it is hard <to curex [87] But if it is in a sign opposite to the disease, it is a good indication; however, all this only holds good when the
Moon does not form a conjunction with or a planet and does not form
an aspect with
the disease>
it. If this is the case, the judgment <of the outcome of

is according to the aspect conjunction.
[88] A conjunction of the Moon with Saturn indicates that the disease will be bad and prolonged, especially when it <i.e. the
Moon> iswaning. [89] But when the Moon waxes, the harm caused
by Saturn will only be small, but when it (Saturn) is slow in itsmo tion the harm will be worse and when it is fast itwill not be that bad. [90]When it <Saturn> is retrograde and directly opposite127
the Sun after the patient involves bowels has been cured, he will add fall evil ill
When [91] when

involves
Saturn is in the position of its apogee or close to itwhile

constipation, and Saturn it will to evil. And it will <also>
<again>.128
the129 disease loose
it is in its perigee, the evil will be less. But when130 the disease
is in its perigee,
add evil to evil. And when it is in its apogee the evil will be less.131 When theMoon is <in conjunction with Jupiter or forms the [92]
a sextile or trine with even it, it is a very good indication, aspect of more so for someone is middle who the of aspect aged. Similarly,
opposition or quartile indicates something good, although itwill only come slowly <or: with difficultyx132 to include in this treatise which [93] This iswhat Iwanted can be easily grasped by every learned physician and133 man of
understanding if he wants should not to use it. It is correct in most cases, as
have
times,
testified experienced
one
scholars.134
about
[94] And
if it fails some
often
be amazed
it, for this happens
93
either
because and
the indications
of the natal
horoscope
of the patient <obtained> it (i.e. from the
do not correspond
the disease the natal
to the indications
obtained
from the times of
the crisis135?and are the most horoscope
the indications significant.
Moreover,
failure of the astrological prediction) may be due to repentance and good deeds which annul a <divine> decree, or because the physi cian does not know all the principles of this science which cannot be summarized and included in this treatise.136 [95] But everything depends on God, blessed be He, the healer of all flesh who does
wondrous deeds. There is no on else beside Him.137
Notes 1. L adds: "by Ptolemy in the Centiloquium" (i.e. verbum 9). 2. "in the world of composite things": "in this world" L.
3. "subordinate": "similar" L.
4. It is often quite difficult

astronomy and astrology. The
to draw a precise distinction

stellarum or scientia
between medieval
(hokhmat ha
scientia
astrorum
of the kokhavim) encompassed both the scientia motus, the study of themovements we now and would call and the scientia iudicio spheres planets (what "astronomy")
rum, zenga, the study of the influence of those movements "Die conste vanden almenack", Queeste on man 1 (1994): and world. p. See E.-Hui 12-33, 13, n. 5. S.-Pines,
"The Semantic Distinction between the terms Astronomy and Astrology according to Al-Biruni," Isis 53 (1964), 343-349; repr., The CollectedWorks ofShlomo Pines, vol. 2 (Je rusalem and Leiden, 1986); French, R., Astrology inmedical practice, Practical Medicine from Salerno to theBlackDeath, ed. L. Garcia-Ballester, R. French, J. Arrizabalaga and A. Cunningham (Cambridge 1994), pp. 33-34.
5. 6. "theoretical": "change": "experiential" "frequent change" L V?. L.
7. "individuals":
tion seems to be the bodily
Our translation
constitutions
follows
and
the Hebrew
ishim,whose
that vary
inten for
temperaments
significantly
from individual
anashim, 8. 9. i.e. people. "force "much":
to individual.
of the "the
The Latin took this as an alternative

"forces \ of the L.
plural
spheres": cause"
spheres"
10. "he will understand

11. 12. "he will be able
the effects of": "he will know how

"he will om. L. know and be able
to prepare" L
L.
to make": said":
to make"
"as Hippocrates
13. Beginning of the first of Hippocrates' Aphorisms. 14. "but only [some of] itsmany parts"; cf. L: "but only with many
and dangers." 15. 16. "and "It... those an of the latter generations wondrous are thing": like a very L. fine needle":
efforts
om. L.
uncommonly
om.
17.
"as we
have
said":
om.
L.
18. "Sometimes they go to those who do have this knowledge or to those of whom they think that they have this knowledge and accordingly choose the times
for have their some treatment": understanding "Therefore doctors sometimes of in the knowledge go to those whom they believe the stars, and they rule themselves
(regulate what they do) by the statement or advice of those men, when choosing the time to do anything" L. 19. This sentence indicates that the chief utility of astrology lies in the deter
mination of the proper times for administering treatment?rather than, say, deter
mining
20. 21.
the bodily dispositions

"and "since one he of the experts
and temperaments.
in medicine that in our is not time": an om. L. of modesty; so":
thought L.
something
expression
i.e., he thought that I am an expert; "whom he thought to have some knowledge

the mentioned art"
in
22. "to compose a concise summary

cian needs bleedings": cian needs every day L translates: every day for the administration "to compose for the administration
(kelal qatan) of astrology which

of potions those things potions and vomitives, which and
a physi
and a physi
of purgatives, a concise treatise of
purgatives,
vomitives,
and for bloodletting,

23. him,... 24. I "I. . .
since [knowledge] of astrology is necessary

L small translates: treatise". in the original; the intention "And therefore, since
for such things".

Iwanted to obey
request": this composed This sentence
is unclear
seems
to be:
the
author fears that, were he to be overly modest, and refuse the request, harm the reputation that he has already established for himself.
25. 26. 27. 28. astrology" 29. 30. those who 31. 32. "according L adds: "concise "who L. "way": "with an almanac" that to could also L. L. om. L. "bleedings, purgatives, add. be L. obtained from experts": "by to my "without summary knows no ability": Whom "according nothing to my poor knowledge" is achieved". "treatise" "who has no L. knowledge of
itwould
L.
(kelal qatan)": theory at all":
the science
of
"something know how "the ways": of
means
of
compute" two ways"
"the the ways
"in one
mentioned": and
and
33. "purgatives, L. vomitives" 34. "an astrologer
bleedings
vomitives":
laxatives
or
experienced
astronomer":
"someone"
L.
35. A number of Arabic treatises deal with the question of what a physician ought to know in the field of astrology in order to treat a patient successfully. A typical example is R.fi m? yaht?ju al-tab?bmin Him al-falak composed by 'Adn?n al 'Ainzarbi, court physician of the Fa timid caliph az-Zafir bi-amr Allah (ruled from I, 1149-1154); cf. M. Ullmann, Die Medizin im Islam (Handbuch der Orientalistik 255. VI, 1970), 1) (Leiden/K?ln, p. Erg?nzungsband
36. virtue Reshit I.e. of being Hokhmah, span in on either i.e. 6 side of the as star within in passages e.g. which 23-24. 8 it exerts Cf. Abraham aspect, end of degrees of the section its power by Ibn Ezra,
the planets:
degrees
for Mars.
95
37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42.
"attached "<a quantity>
to the almanac": less "94?" than
om.
L. or less" L. "4?" 1.
6?": "6 degrees 1. planet is not
"96? or 84?": "the harm "in "in
or 86?" by om. om. each L. L.
caused of": of":
as
strong":
"it is not
as
strong"
L.
the house the house
43. Ibn Ezra, Sefer Reshit Hokhmah, ed. Baqal, pp. VIII, English
p. 155. 44. 45. 46. "attached "known": to the almanac": "easily" add. L. Felix Klein-Franke, latromathematics above-mentioned" L.
translation,
I.e., astrolabes;
cf. Ibn as-Salt;
in Islam,
p. 103.Astrolabes have been found as part of the inventories of several physicians; cf. Mallorca bajomedieval. Siglos XIV-XV Antonio Contreras Mas, Los m?dicos jud?os en la 48. (Mallorca, 1997), p. 47. The Hebrew [30] below.
48. 49. 50. "which "the": "attached is called": "this" L. om. L. "when it is" L.
is influenced by Latin syntax
in this sentence here and in
to the almanac":
differs
51. The astrological theory follows Abraham Ibn Ezra in places where he from Ptolemy. See e.g. Tetrabiblos 1,19 (ed. Loeb, p. 89), re "hyps?mata" note states that this has nothing to do with aphelion. However, (exaltations)?the in Ibn Ezra's theory, the apogee does play a role; see Reshit Hokhmah, p. 107 (Baqal), and Sefer ha-Te 'amim [printed together with Reshit Hokhmah, Baqal, p. 107], where Ibn Ezra discusses an apparent difference of opinion between Ptolemy and the
"sages of India" concerning the significance of a planet's being at or near apogee.
Our author refers to both apogees

52. 53. 54. 55. "beneficial "are": influence": "sometimes
(e.g. in [16] and in the tables) and to exaltations.

om. L. add. L.
somewhat"
See n. 47 above. L adds: "that is [the signs] in which one season turns into another".
56. The Hebrew

ha-Me'orot, ed. Baqal,
term mamtin for "slow" is also employed by Ibn Ezra, Sefer

p. 9.
57. Cf. Abu Ma'shar, The Abbreviation of the Introduction toAstrology, IV, 26 31 (ed. Ch. Burnett, K. Yamamoto and M. Yano (Leiden, 1994, p. 59); Ibn Ezra, Sefer Reshit Hokhmah, ed. Baqal, p. LIII, English translation, pp. 204-205.
58. "treatise": "The rules of this treatise": add. L.
59. "when
Saturn or Mars
it is <in conjunction>
in the same sign" 1.
with
Saturn or Mars":
"when
it iswith
60. InHebrew
61. 62. "in one of
literally "the planet of the Sun"; cf. L: "Mercury".

the parts of the body": over" om. L. L.
"indicating":
"dominating
63. Cf. pseudo-Ptolemy, Fructus sive Centiloquium, ed. E. Boer (Claudii Ptolemaei Opera quae exstant omnia III, 2) (Leipzig, 1961), no. 20; A. Chapman,
96 Hebrew Medical Astrology, David Ben Yom Tov, Kelal Qatan "Astrological medicine," Health medicine and mortality in the sixteenth century, 1979, p.-296. For the correlation between the limbs of the body and Cambridge
their ruling rulers, over 64. i.e., certain "or certain parts and planets, of the body, from the see L. of melothesia, theory Introduction. i.e., zodiacal signs
to let blood
it": om.
65. "neck": "do not do this (i.e. surgery) nor let blood from the forearms when theMoon is inGemini, which is the sign of the forearms" add. L. 66. Experience (haskamah, ijma') are two (nissayon, tajriba) and consensus standards which were very much in favor, especially inmedicine epistemological and the occult sciences, though they are not valid criteria according to Aristotle
and his followers. Concerning the first term, see Y.T. Langermann, "Maimonides'
Studies, edited by Arthur Hyman, vol.-2, Repudiation (New York 1991): 123-158, pp. 135-139; concerning the second, see idem, "Science
and the Cuzari", Science in Context, vol. 10, no. 3 (1997): 495-522, pp.-505-507.
of Astrology", Maimonidean
67. "and it is accepted by the consensus of both the ancient and modern <authorities>": "and it has been verified empirically by the ancients, and the
moderns 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. these ... acquiesce" ^. "masters ibid., and want in astrology" L. "authorities": Cf. Chapman, "or hot "if you
p. 297. dry" to add. expel" "to L. literally: "above the earth"; and so for the rest in L. add L. the fine matter" L.
"signs": "And": "to
perform "to
bloodletting": purge" add.
evacuate
"i.e.,": "above
the horizon",
passages. 75. 76. Cf. "it purge Cf. pseudo-Ptolemy, indicates excessively pseudo-Ptolemy, a that op. cit., no. 21. necessary": ^. "it indicates that it
will
not 77.
itwill than purge more than necessary" and more op. with cit., no.
19: a\i?Xvvexai
f| xov
KaQapoiov
evepyeia xfj? aeXr|vr]? avvo?evouoTi?, reo Ali (The purgative power

the Moon 78. but makes See conjunction Jupiter). p. 10, where nor the Ibn Ezra later does Baqal, Sefer ha-Me'orot, neither pseudo-Ptolemy "like patient Taurus" itmay \ be": om. L.
is blunted when
this
give
advice,
he mentions 79. 80.
astrologers.
"in Taurus": "whatever
81. Translated after the Latin. The Hebrew

82. 83. 84. "potions "elections" "and methods": and purgatives": (mivharim): om. L. "laxative times selected
reads: "that it is aspected by".

L. of astrological criteria. means
potions" by
85. L adds: "and even that is difficult".

86. 87. 88. he should "might "good": "For know ... be enough": useful" "For "is enough" L. all L. this is necessary for the physician, or at least L.
"very
possible": about well-being"
97
89."in 90."the 91.
patient": patient":
translated cf. L. op.
after
L; ?)H:
"because
of diseases".
Cf. pseudo-Ptolemy,
cit., no.
57:
''Ore
l?tj? t?v
e?oojxovt?jiov
Kait?v
?jti ?ppobarou, aX?a^ca t?v ?atp?v (When you see that KVpiov amov /c6KaK(oî?vov the seventh house or its Lord are harmed during an illness, change the physician).
92. "should for this reason be replaced": "should be replaced and another
should be employed"
93. 94. is overturned" 95. 96. 97. "who "should L. "cause": "what Passages
L.
mistakes?" "should (Psalms 19:13): om. and L. in this his honor
can understand ... honor":
not make
a mistake,
"causes" is correct 53-54
L. and are good": cited, word "what he ought <to do>" L. Sefer ha
for word,
as a note
to Ibn Ezra,
Me'orot, ms Rav Qafih 36, f. 175a.

98. 99. 100. 101. "alarmed": I.e., astrologers; "that the Moon "confused" astrologi is": om. L. Temunah would seem to refer to the con L. L.
"configurations"
(temunot).
figuration of the astrological indicators. 102. L adds: "for when thewise man sees that the foolish man enjoys exter nal support, he refrains from litigation until that support comes to an end".
103. 104. I.e., its position "i.e., at the critical beginning days" add. of L. the disease; cf. L.?. "crises":
105. Cf. Hippocrates, Aphorisms II, 23. 106. David Ben Yom Tov refers here to the ancient hebdomadal
Introduction).
theory (see
107. I.e. after 28 days, when

108. the illness 109. cause of
it returns to its initial position.

resolves itself or, more simply, that
"a good crisis": i.e., that the disease recover. is over and the patient may I.e. the bodily stuff, e.g. excess
or bad
humors,
which
is the material
the malady. "in a reinvigorated given": fashion": "is also given lit., as a convalescent. by the astrologers" L.
110. 111.
"is also
112. See Hippocrates, Aphorisms 11,24. where the seventh and eleventh days are said to be indicative (epid?los). In this and the following passages, David offers
an astrological 113. 114. 115. 116. interpretation "reaches": See of Hippocrates' time" add. ed. theory. L. Baqal, p. 9. "at another Sefer
Ibn Ezra, "close
ha-Me'orot,
"after": I.e. there
to" L. cause that can be precisely determined.
is no medical
117. "<can distinguish
it>": Lu: "can distinguish
critical day(s)".
118.
The
same
general different.
astrological
principles means
used
for
the Moon
in connec
tionwith acute diseases apply to the Sun in connection with chronic diseases, but the
details rule." are somewhat Derekh, "way", here something like "general
119. Cf. note L: "namely, of the attacks, for the seventh attack is critical in
the case of day 120. 121. know" L. a tertian and quartan fever, but in the case of a continuous fever the seventh is critical". "badness": "someone "badness who does or harm" not L. this art": "the one who does not
practice
122. "the day of the limit": "i.e. of the critical day" add. L.
123. 124. Cf. Sefer ha-Me'orot, to the ed. Baqal, eclipse": p. 12. to the kind of eclipse" L. Lunar
"according tables. "the condition
"according
eclipses are classified by magnitude,

many medieval 125. 126. 127. 128. of": om. L.
duration,
and color; these items are listed in
"<ofhumors>";cf.L. I.e. a grave or: before or ominous opposition, portent. cf. L: ante oppositum.
129. From "when it is slow" (passage 89) to the end of passage citation from Ibn Ezra, Sefer ha-Me'orot, Baqal, p. 14.
130. tion" L. 131. from loose 132. 133. "when bowels" See Sefer the disease L. ha-Me'orot, Baqal, p. 15. information and Ibn Ezra with involves loose bowels": "when "the disease involves constipation": "the patient suffers from
90: a direct
constipa
the patient
suffers
the
loc. cit., displays the same Sefer ha-Me'orot, David and sextile otherwise, aspects; though, the other. not information by provided trine 134. 135. "and man That See The of understanding": om. L.
regard conveys
to
each
is, those above,
"experience". 136.
scientists?astrologers?whose n. 13. counterindicates?it suggests
art
is based
mainly
upon
nativity
a different
prognosis
than
do the astrological indicators associated with the illness. 137. On the reasons for failure in astrological prediction?cf.
ha-Moladot, notion Introduction, intervention. "who lives and reigns for ever and ever. Amen". for a list of eight other reasons. The only of divine 138. L adds:
Ibn Ezra, Sefer

overlap is the
Glossary
Translation
David
Judaeus 35,39 12H 46 omiN
one of the parts of the body R. Abraham <ibn Ezra>
(bodily)part
membrum
Rabi Abraam Aben Esdra

colera notabilis amicus
35 oniNn p
n
11N
:orraN
yellow bile a distinguished friend
craniNnn
38 nBHN inn aniN 8 OHlDJn
light
signs
retrograde
lumen,
lux
signa
retrogradans tardatur in in suo cursu
84,85,88,89 11N 54 mm* n>mnN yv :rr>mriN 1W <- 27 1N W
it is slow in itsmotion
modern authorities
in the quality affected
Ultimi magistri
qualitate in qualitate passiva activa
68 robnjD ihntp nm 36 oîinN

61 y?y?nnv) ri1D>Nl 61 nbvif) :T10>N JTD>N1
in the quality active <in them> qualities individuals to administer a foodstuff

almanac almanac
by it
qualitates
homines dare comestionem tabulae almenach, tabulae
almanach, almanach,
62,64 T)^1D>N 0>V10 <- 3 0>W>N 37 >1HT) :tON 25,27 7*OE)!?N 11,16,21 -pO?TN 76 nruDN 59 >J1DN ITlPn :>n)3N 3 yinnn >vjond tdn :0>yon 56 nEDnn tint >\?on 19 pÔSN 31,38 fPlN 88 *p1N :*p'N 42,43,47 >(1N
verification
most a common men of this true man science
verificatio
verior secularis astrologi Leo
astrologer Leo
length
earth (i.e. horizon)
longitudo
terra
to chose the times, the selection of the times crisis

crises
electio temporum
boaran boaran dies boaran
7,19,49 0>T)Vn m>m !N*m 0>nm
:m>m
a day of crisis on a day on which a crisis does not fall

crises
in die in quo non est

boaran
^55,67,70,73,94 1Nim ?56,58,59,69 D^NIDl 69 ^NIDl 55 Wim IPNVy 01> o^Ninn ?- 3 D>nm
dies cretici
99
Ptolemy
house houses
Tolomeus domus domus boaran bonum dominus et
45,52 tn>n!?oi 25,30,78,79 TPI 16 o>m 55 0!W1 HO !N*m 0K1D1 ? 1Nim 27,42 t?yi 93lt> 19 D>lD1Dn TDDDHl }VV) m 57 57 >dv?t\ inn 57 !?Dvyn mn 52 0>!PV1 20 nnonn t\h\ >!?yi 74>pl
good and complete
crisis
Lord man of understanding

experienced wise astronomer
perfectum
opponent a foolish opponent Lord themasters of this

science expert iron <instrument> opponent
adversarius
sapiens litigans stultus <litigans>

dominus scientes in hac scientia sciens ferrum sanitas
35 t>m
1,53 jmm
N?m <*i\>o
health Virgo apogee

term, limit, crisis terminus, terminus
Virgo altitudo
terminus seu boaran bonus sive
31,38 ninm 27,28,44,91 mni} OV *- 16,25,63,69,76, ?ni} 64 HO -
a good crisis
crises to overwhelm, strengthening, to overcome
boaran boaran, conari super, esse dominare Capricorn
bonum termini habere conatum conatus, super corpus corpora circulus
57,64,70,72,76
66,67,82 O^tn (?7V)IHTin :Xl>
Capricornus
<human>
orb, orbit,
body bodies
sphere
?m
31,38 H> 21,84 *)*? ?-1 m?m
nra to be in conjunction with medical things

Pisces habere coniunctionem res medicinales
27,44,72 ?t? HD ?- 0>W? ?- >^^ ,mrD,ro
2 o?Ni<nn
Piscis Aquarius
vie medicine
Aquarius
the <correct> ways to treat
:omi 31,38 D>n *- ailn jump 31,38 >!n ?- o? pn ,tpj 54 riNiinn >dyt :Ooyt rrfrrmn * onnin nNTin np!?> :nNTin 94 JUNTin 2inn 54mon ?- riD>bn pjDDE)
42pll
to be derived
from
capitur super hoc

demonstrarlo demonstrationes astrologus
76 v?y
indications
astrologer harm recognizing
(V p\Vi =)fortis
cognoscere
24pvn
Glossary
101
treatment contrariness contrariness vomitives
regimen contrarietas contrarietas vomitiva prenosticatio, prenosticare
5i mn:n n 61 rr 64 nvDsn 19 niNpn nvn>n nmpn

p*>~\
prognosis
:nmpn 51,76
<mpn
bleedings cycles(?) logical reasoning

so also
flebotomie
revolutiones ratio considera
wpm =) (\) m i>y

practice to give a purgative purgatio vel evacuatio
55 vypn 24m t?v wpnm

?- nimn 37,42 npin :n!?nnn 62,63 >!nnn rtmnn obiv
ni?nn?
8,19,49 nnpn 75 0>Spn
uti
14 ?nT)
the beginning
of the
disease
principium egritudinis principia scientie
the principles and fundamentals of this

science
ruDDnn nit?nnn :r)t>nnn so n>vnun 50 nom nronn i momnn -
the principles and methods of this science relationship since the Sun rose
malefic conjunction aspect surgery to form a conjunction or
principia
scientie
proportio
ab ortu Solis
coniunctio aspectus dampnosus vel
26 nnntn 52 pw odd
nyn in inn
:nnnt nnn
incisio vel apertio coniungi, habere

coniunctionem
35,36 niinn nin 25,78,87 iinnn n??v ?- in 51-53,80,83,49 nlTlH ?o>oid p\n 4 o?n
patient <human> life
infirmus,
eger
vita hominis
learned scholar scholars science scientia egritudo,
46 oon
3 o>DDnn p
experimentatores auctores medicine scientia stellarum infirmitas, eger ?-
inN
ofDvyn
:tp?on
?
experienced
the learned physicians
93 pton 55 nNionn
6,49,51,74,94,
>Eon >)DDn
HODH
astrology
illness, disease
as a convalescent part theoretical part parts, subdisciplines Sun

matter
sicut ille qui r?cup?r?t

virtutem pars pars experimentalis et labores pericula, particulae
onap ,nt>nnn ,o^yn ,o>\>?n nxon !?yn ?- 1,6,8 ooion 1,54,60,64,65,70,79, >!nn :>t?n ?- 84,86-88,90,91 ,rf?nn ni?nnn 65 no <i>!?m\i>>ed :^n
i wyn
Sol
i p!?n pi>nn :p?nn 4 o>pi?n

13,29,34,48 nEH 64mm non
materia
thematter moved
by it diminutio
57 in yyu?iDn i?i?n
85 int?n
decrease
102 Hebrew Medical Astrology, David Ben Yom Tov, Kelal Qatan 11 iwn 14, pnwn
to compute computation Nature the <different> natures natura
computare compotum natura hominum bonus
nyvp
2 o>vwn
57,65,70,72 yiO >yno :0>yno
of individuals benefic, beneficial, good beneficial influence Aries

mistake an error or mistake
Aries
errare error
29,58,59,76,78,80,83,87,92 HO + dodo ?ny 29 nno 31,36,38,60,61,82 n?>0 54myo 52 mim

?2,3,12,13,50,51,77, ny>7>
knowledge,
to learn
scire,
computare, scientia computare
tnp ,nmpn
15mn ,>l?Oni 14 pnwnn o>vivn ny>T> :D>yrr> OV
the study of computation

experts
illos qui id computare

sciunt
day a day of a crisis

dies creticus,
dies
dies
<- 59,62,63,66,73
66,80 traan
myw
termini
creticus) (i.e. dies cretice dies dies, descender? 15,55,66,67,69,70,75, D>D> 92
days descending
ratio to excerpt Moon
<pro>portio
abstrahere luna
declining to become chronic

cardines exaltation planet, retrograde Mercury planet
in declinatione antiquatio
caville honor Mercurius, planeta
27,44 TVP 75 om o?ny *- ?mio> 16 N>?in :NiP 67,47,27,17,56,06-65,93 m> :nm> 64mno 70 )WT\T) :)V> mi?y ? iy> 82 J1VT?P 16,25,53,78 7110 13,22,24,25,27,29,30,32,34, 1D1D 43 jwvihn yv Ninw ~vq>k> oy lyarw 21 inN IDO 11,13,15,16,21,42,43,59 OOD1D ? mnipn ,nron :0>iDon DODon omon in 29 o>mlraon 48 0>HOn DODOn p IHK 26,41,42,46 po/yno :\)D T)D 21,23,25,29,42,43,45,47, *- 64 'pn 2 D^?un
33 1?> 41,42,46,47,78,80,87
It is said that one planet is in conjunction with

another planets
planeta Dicitur
retrogradans enim quod una Stella est plan?te, cum alia stelle
good or benefic planets one of the benefics

to determine, take care
plan?te boni vel

benefortunati
aliquis bonus planeta

pervenire, facer?, respicere virtus virtutes virtus virtutes tractatus huiusmodus celestes virtus .xii. celestis celestes
strength the force of the spheres

dodecatemorion
the force of the spheres the forces of the spheres

instruments a concise this concise summary summary
instrumenta parvus tractatus
i ??t*yr\ non :non :mnD 3 irrten mnsn 26 D>tO
8 <|Op!?!o??O m :ôn il )vpT) ?>!on
Glossary
103
heart hearts Moon corda Luna sistrenus humor
?>yi ?-5 1!? 5 Jim!? ,14,29,32,33-38,40,42 nnl?

44-48,63,67,78,80-84,86,88,92
tables humor, fluid phlegm

Mars
tabule,
fleuma
Mars
17,18,21,25-27,33 JTim!? ? onmp nn>i> 37,40,86 38 nnt>n nn>i>n :nn>!?n 13,29,33,34 DHND 31,33,38,61,82 OWN?3 50 onniD 23,33,48,72,76,80,87,92 OIE Tiin^ 22,63 n03
Libra
elections aspect
Libra
electiones aspectus aspectus aspectus oppositi, oppositus
opposition the aspect of an opposition or quartile quartile aspect, the aspect of a quartile bad aspect trine, the aspect of a
trine exact aspect
vel oppositio
aspectus oppositus quadratus aspectus malus aspectus aspectus aspectus quarti vel
92 ymD
1N HD1
22,24,34,63,71
JP?m
(quartus)
aspectus tertii, tertius
22,34,66,92
JPI^lW -
43 yv
sextile,
the aspect of a sextile

aspects strong aspects
completus sexti, aspectus aspectus .vi., sextus
24 ti?V 22,34,66,92 T\WV
aspectus
aspectus aspectus fortes turbatus velox
23,24,48,59,64, CPOIE ?- 72,76 ypT) 7i o>ptnn o>oiDn :0>oiDn
complicated fast quickness

motion its mean motion, vadere, cursus
14 Ininn? o&in V?? 32,67,89
properatio
cursus
VT)??
f)T\1?,T1N
themean
(suus motus) m?dius,

m?dius nati vitas
[daily] motion
natal horoscope malefic malefics
32 >y*ENnyfrxxn
94 llri?
83 Jin>nn ?- 32,67, -pT??
dampnosus, mali
planeta dampnosus plan?te et
ninn ?
29,52,76, p*>m
29,33,72,76 0>pn?
dampnosi, seu mali plan?te dampnosi, plan?te mali, plan?te
one of themalefics sign tropical sign fixed sign bicorporal sign the sign rising the rising sign signs
dampnosi planeta dampnosus signum Signum mobile signum stabile

signum signum medium
43 cppnon p
IHN
Itt? ,21,26,30,33-37,39,41,47,48 86,87 83 T^D J1? 83 TDiy 83 JVIfm >W -
signum quod ascendit

ascendentis, ascendens signum
26 ntnyn !?ran ?mr\

27,30,82 nx)isn
104 Hebrew Medical Astrology, David Ben Yom Tov, Kelal Qatan <one of> the fiery signs
<one of> the watery
signa
signum
signum Signum
igneum
aque terrestre
signs <one of> the earthy signs tropical signs fixed signs bicorporal signs one of the airy signs one of the watery signs
in the east
16,38 T)t>m 38 WNn 38 o>?n 38 nsyn 13 ooanjuo -
signa convertibilia
seu mobilia
signa stabilia
signa duorum unum media corporum aque, seu
13 OHXDiy 13 OOtt >1W 38 TiNn 40,48 o>?n 26m?ftn jntn^n y)t>mn ihn ihn
aliquod signum aeris

signorum
conjunction a very fine needle kind

art, who execution does not
aliquod signum aque in orientem in orientem coniunctio coniunctio
DH?2 :n*W3 33,87,88 Jmnn ?mnxD onao onB :onn 5 jppio i ^wr\
1 pjD
^>o
:D^>d
T)3??)0
someone
ars, medicina,
opera nesciens nesciens
3,6,8
practice this art (the art of) medicine practica

arts, subdisciplines in motion slow tardus
77 nDN^n
JIN\ ??yi U>NW >0 1,2 nNl?Tin JDN?tf)
(scientie)
medicine, ars medicine artes in suo motu in suo in suo vel cursu tardus tardus cursu cursu
32 uo^nn
slow in itsmotion slow in itsmotion tested <by experience> accepted by the

consensus number degree degrees
1,4 JION^D vrDoxD o>jidb
experimentatus probatus numerus gradus status gradus vel situs
jujudd 33 nro^ni jujibo 67 no??nm 36 nOUD :T\V))0 36 O0O1E :020? 75 1?V?2 26-28,33 nt?yD T\t>yiO 22-24,28,32,33,41 72 13X3 OOD1D <- n^SD 72 D>n>^D
56-63,65-68,70-72,78, Dip?
position benefics position positions the positions of the

planets vomitives
plan?te boni
locus loca, locus loca planetarum, loca planetarum vomitiva quadratum, quartus balneum
81,91 11,13,15,76 JllEnpD 18,19 0>lD1Dn 8 D>N>pD O?D ?- 62,78,81,82 ym)D 48 >(m)3 HUM ?yn <- t?0\??D 44,45 ?V?V?2 ?- 8,19 ?^V^V? 87 O?^D 16 OfMDn >EDH !wtw twp ?- npwfl
quartile <aspect> bath purgative
purga
vel potatio
laxativum, laxativa, laxativum laxativa iudicare
purgatives judgement
astrologers
O^pWD
sapientes
in iudicio
Glossary
105
emetic
potatio potationes
vomitativa ciropes laxative
potions potions and purgatives
47 wpn!? 8 O^pWE outworn o>pwDn T)t>m ?m 89 nimm :0>pv>?3n 49 ?lonjiD i>jib> ojie
it is slow in itsmotion
certain to form an aspect, aspect Venus to make a move, to move harmed retrograde to
est tardus in suo cursu

firmus inspicere, habere aspicere, aspectum Venus
25,44,46,78,80,87
OOn
82pN3
:013
inn
se mover?, moveri
13mi <- yyi3Ji? :yi3 57,65 yyujin
impeditus
retrogradans, retrogradus nocere,
JP311HN ?- 27,90 11?3 43,76,89 p>\n miN :ptt
52 pm
to be harmful to be harmed proper opposition, the aspect of an opposition

experience overcome to overcome, win
esse dampnificatus firmus oppositum experimentum

devictus vitare, vincere vinci
dampnificare
52 pnn
?mi
58 1113
H13 33,34,48,59-61,71,78,81, O?D ?- 82,90 ?- 55, 0>Din p03 ,??yi 57 H133 65,72 n*>3 :H33 72 H313
to be defeated to be eclipsed to let blood to let blood, to bleed
eclipsari flebotomari vel febotomiam (sic) facer?, sanguines

minuere
mn nip: 33 YTp3
p>7
?- 36 Ppn :Tp3 34,39 OT Ppn
cause,
reason
cause,
ratio
end
finis signum libri libri de hoc compilati libri scientie astrologie Career (sic), Cancer
ascendens hoc mundus seculum
sign books the books composed on this subject the books on this science
Cancer
54-56,66,69,84, niO OHD <- Jl>pTO 33,67 ^10 78,81,87,92 p>0 :pO 49 0>1?)0 ominan :onf>on onson lo mi 16 nDinn nop 31,38 pio tnX3+- 27,28,44 i niiinn oiny , n!?iy :Diny
rising of composite things theworld of the elements the world

to awaken, someone who become active knows no
elementorum moveri
i jmio>n 7)?m ?m *- TOiy my 57,71,72 myjin
nil sciens
respectus magnus et
theory at all
careful consideration
p n&iN)ot> y>HV>n opy 12 ivyn pt?n
deliberatio
8 ?n*n ?- >3i>y
to study
disease diseases acute chronic diseases diseases
tractare
de
infirmitas, egritudo egri egritudines acute egritudines antiquate

infirmus
ni?nji 74 jinnn
?- 57,76 n??y 52 Jiit>y Jni>yn :m!?yn 74 Jii3\y>n -
i py
patient
constipation
constipatus
Scorpio proper and improper

times t?mpora
Scorpius
perfecta t?mpora et
inutilia
times
?- ioy 9i n*y 31,33,38,41 llpy <- Jiy nnnt >ji!?ii o>3ii3 o^Jiy :0>Jiy *- 50 o>jiin3 ni>m 94 Jiuiy nt?m
48 tn??y
agents
agentes
the distant and

proximate agents decan those who are passive,
agentia procul et prope

faci?s
tppimn
*- t\h? mto jiii>n ?- t?yi? n?ny<3 ?- 2 o>t?yi?) ominan :D>?>yi?>n
3 oonpm
16,25 D>3?) :!?yf> 2,3 o^y?JiDn JTD>N ?- ?W?JM)
patientes
passive
things effect
operatio, operatio opera
the effect of the agents

to separate from
agentium recedere ab casus
45 ntnya 2 o^yion t?w?

33 p Tl?Jin :11?3 1 0>TT3 13,29,45,92 pi* 58 0>pl13 :pl13 59 pl13 lJ11>n 36 1N13 bTO *- 26,27,42,52, HX313 1 J11113 i rucian jmisn 75 Jiin>DJi mmp jiiNin jnnipn :jnmp :jnnipn 75 >iim
ways
Jupiter right most right

neck Ascendant forms
Iuppiter, Iupiter
iustus
iustior collum
ascendens vultus vultus febres febres que celestes continue veniunt saltando
the forms of the spheres

continuous intermittent fevers fevers
to appear earlier a to make prognosis
anticipari
prenoscitare
67 Dip
3 nyn>n onpn 33,81 YTp3 :TTp Jlini^n
to be eclipsed eclipse
the astronomical tables
eclipsari eclipsis sistrenum (?)

tabularum vomitare purgam verecundia per modum
81 JllY?p
regurgitate
shame in a concise way
P>YT31p :P>ll31p 16,17 42,43 npWEn N>pn :N>p
difficult Sagittarius
abbreviationis difficilis Sagittarius
16 y?p 16 112p 711 :l12p i4n\yp

31,38 Jl\yp
npwo*
Glossary
107
head, beginning
minutes, ancient authorities minuta, primi
caput
magistri
apogee
altitudo
medicus medicus omnis medicus sollemnes vel carnis sciens
physician the healer of all flesh learned physician physicians expert physicians
to to expel i.e., to
medici
medici
purgare
evacuare,
?- 36,60,68,82 WO >??J1 32,36 0>JWN1 OIE) ?- >y>n 16 D11 3,6,8,51-53,95 ND11 94 1^1 ??l 93 ??1W)0 70 0>N311 55 0>n?D1X3 m t7yi ?37,38,40 pnnt> :p>l
expel
blood,
purgare flebotomare vel materiam subtilem evacuare facer? ?id evacuationem generalem est purgare malum malus, mala, mala vel malum
38 rwpT? idi?o oin pnnt?

40 Jiîi mpn nn>??n pnn?>
perform bloodletting to expel in general
bad(ness),
corruption, corruptions
evil
evil
to be cured medicine to purge

impression
impedimenta esse sanatus medicina, medicine laxativa
scientia, scientia
yi 59,76,80,81,83,88,89,91 33,91 nyi 29 Jiiyi 90 NDlJin :K?31 ?- 8,51,55,73 nN1??l ,0011 niNi7D ,o>?in 111 *- >N1?31 i ovmi :0^'i jiiyo ?- 53 uni\y 52 >yown :>yow >NJ?\y ,13,29,32-34,44,88 89,91 53 J11WW 43,47 JP311HN 1W :l1\y 31,36,38,47 11W
37 ?vbvb -
signum
errare
to be faulty the seventh <house>

Saturn mistakes to be retrograde Taurus esse
septimum
Saturnus errata retrogradans Taurus malencolia
black bile triplicity
38 nnnw
16,25 J1W>!W o?d ?- jpw!w 01X3 ^- \?>\) 2,3,76 J11D?W 44,91 tnw?w ?- ?v?v nNi?i
triplicitas
perfection,
completeness
purging,
loose bowels
perfectio
evacuatio, laxus
that the purgative will not purge application

Sun
quod purga non faciet

operationem servir?
44 npwon t?vyt7\y> t? o
3 vnn\y 26,33,74,79,90 WDW 16,30,79 T)HW tP3>D 1 *- >13\y 15 D>3W 26nyvy 26 Jiiyvy 26 opn 16,28,79,91 T)t>?V
Sol
malivolentia, malivolus transmutatio anni hora h?re
hatred
(detriment) change
years
hour
hours
the hours of the day perigee
h?re diei profunditas,

descensus sive
dedecus,
bisextus, descensus
to administer
(a potion)
dare potationem, dare ad bibendum,

dare
37,44,45 npwi
:np\y
principles
overlap
radices
societas
50,94 0>Wl\y O?D ?- JPWW
1 îJivy
31,34,38 D>?1NJ1 80m?TIJl 84,89 J)?301J1 56-58,60,63,>>inn Jl^flJI u?T)Jl n!?n Jin ?- 65,66,70,72,78,80-83,86
Gemini
nature increase
Geminis
(sic)
natura
multiplicatio,
augmentum
the beginning the beginning

completeness
of a
disease
principium egritudinis of a principium egritudinis finis

caput draconis cauda vel eius
57 n!?yn runji
33 1131 IN ^Jin 4 JP?OJ1 WN1 :>?m 58 n31DJl 56 J113DDJ1 ?- >i>X3Ji 74 D>N3J1 i nyi3Ji 59 D>01X31\y ^pJin i^pT)
disease
the Head or Tail of the

nodes
configuration
configurations
figura dispositiones jump

condiciones motus fortior aspectus
stipulations
movement
the strongest
(aspect)
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Idem: See as well Ibn Rushd, K
Baqal, Meir;
Levy, Raphael.
(Algiers, 1989). al-Kulliyy?t inM.J.L. Young, "Arabic medical Isaacs, Haskell, literature," J.D. R.B. and and Science in the 'Abbasid Latham, Serjeant, Religion, Learning,
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1990). (Cambridge, and Para-Medical Manuscripts in Cambridge Genizah Idem, Medical Collections 1994). (Cambridge, "Bernard de Gordon et l'astrologie," Centaurus 45 Jacquart, Danielle, 151-158. Festschrift]: (2003) [Bernard R. Goldstein Kayserling, Klein-Franke, M., der Juden in Portugal (Leipzig, 1867). in Islam (Hildesheim, F., latromathematics 1984). Repudiation of Astrology," Mai Geschichte
Period
Y. Tzvi, "Maimonides' Langermann, monidean Studies 2 (1991): 123-158. Idem, The Jews and the Sciences
1999). Ages (Aldershot, on Astrology," to Levi ben Gershom, Idem, "Gersonides appended The Wars of the Lord, translated by Seymour Feldman, vol. 3 (Philadelphia and New York, 1999). Idem, "Hebrew Astronomy: Deep Soundings in Helaine Selin (ed.), Astronomy Across Cultures 555-584. Idem, from a Rich Tradition," (Dordrecht, 2000), pp.
in the Middle
a Thir and Cosmogony in Doresh Reshumoth, "Cosmology on the Harvard Review 97 Torah," teenth-Century Commentary Theological
(2004): 199-227.
Lemay, Richard, "Origin and Success of the Kitab Thamara ibn Yusuf," Proceedings Ja'far of the First International Symposium Arabic Science History of (Aleppo, 1978). Levy, Raphael, The Astrological Works of Abraham of Abu for the
ibn Ezra (Baltimore, An
1927).
and Francisco Cantera, The Beginning of Wisdom. Levy, Raphael Treatise Ezra Abraham Ibn (Baltimore, 1939). Astrological by Lloyd, G.E.R., The Revolutions of Wisdom: Studies in the Claims Practice of Ancient Greek Science (Berkeley, 1987).
and
On Cohesive Causes, On Lyons, M., Galen, On the Parts ofMedicine, in Acute in Diseases with accordance the Theories (Berlin, Regimen ofHippocrates
1969).
in the Bodleian Li Ad., Catalogue of theHebrew Manuscripts And: and Corrigenda Addenda 1886, repr. 1994). brary (Oxford Supplement of under the direction of Beit-Ari? and Malachi edited compiled by R.A. May Neubauer, (Oxford 1994). De Praecognitione, Corpus Medicorum Graeco Nutton, Vivian, Galen, rum 5.8.1 (Berlin, 1979).
between the terms Astronomy Pines, S., "The Semantic Distinction to Al-Biruni," and Astrology Isis 53 (1964), 343-349; according repr., The Collected Works ofShlomo Pines, vol. 2 (Jerusalem and Leiden, 1986). Fructus sive Centiloquium, Pseudo-Ptolemy, emaei Opera quae exstant omnia III, 2) (Leipzig, Ptolemy, Tetrabiblos, edited and translated ed. E. Boer 1961). by RE. Robbins (Loeb (Claudii Ptol
Classical
1940, repr. 1994). (Cambridge, USA, and London, in Hebrew the Biblioteca Palatina Richler, Benjamin, Manuscripts Parma 0erusalem, and London, 2001) (Cambridge, USA, 1971). Library) Rinaldi, Mich?le, "Pontano, ed il Graecus Tapezunzio Interpres Atti della Accademia Pontaniana, N.S. 2000): 127-171.
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Centiloquio pseudo-tolemico," anno accademico 1999 (Napoli, Roscher, W.H.,
Die hippokratische Schrift von der Siebenzahl in ihrer vi 1913). (Paderborn, erfachen Ueberlieferung The S. S. and Pines, Concept of Time in Late Neoplatonism Sambursky, (Jerusalem, 1987). Medizin Sezgin, Fuat, Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums. Band III: bis ca. 430 H. (Leiden, 1970). Pharmazie-Zoologie-Tierheilkunde des arabischen vol. VII: Astrologie Idem, Geschichte Schrifttums, ca. H Bis 430 und Verwandtes, (Leiden, 1979). Meteorologie Shatzmiller, Joseph, "In search of the "Book of Figures": Medicine at the turn of the fourteenth inMontpellier and astrology century," AJS 7-8 383-407. volume Review, (1982-1983): Singer, P.J., "Levels of Explanation (Oxford, in Galen," Classical Quarterly 47
(1997):525-542.
Idem, Galen: Selected Works 1997). in Bibliotheca Bibliotheca Math und die Juden als (Grand Tracts of Librorum Hebraeorum M., Catalogus Steinschneider, Bodleiana (Berlin, 1852-1860, 1964). repr. Hildesheim Idem, "Yusuf ben Ibrahim und Ahmed ematica, new series 2 (1888), 49-117. ibn Yusuf,"
des Mittelalters Idem, Die hebr?ischen ?bersetzungen Dolmetscher Graz (Berlin, 1893, repr. 1956). The, translated Theology of Arithmetic, 1988). Rapids, L., 'The Latin Translations Thorndike, Abraham Avenezra/ Isis, 35,1944: 293-302. Ullmann, Erg?nzungsband Zotenberg, de la Biblioth?que
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der Orientalistik H?breux et Samaritains
I,
Index
ability, 10
Abraham action. <Ibn Ezra>, 46 See aspect of a wise opponent 8 to that of a foolish
compared
one,
57
administration, agents. See effect almanac, apogee,
the orbit of its, 44

application, 3
See also tables 11,16,26. 16. See also degree, planet,
position,
Saturn
31,38 Aquarius, See also beginning, Aries, 31,36,38. 77 art, 3,6, 2 the art of medicine, arts, 1,4,5 Ascendant, aspect,
opposite
26,52. See Lord See also degree 23-25,33,48,52, 72, 78,80,87. of the action of causes, 3 of passive of the disposition 3 bodies, 22, 63 quartile, or opposition, of a quartile 34, 71 of a trine or sextile, 34
bad, 43 of a sextile, 66 of a trine, 66 76 of the malefic, of an opposition, 78 a sextile or trine, 92 or of an opposition quartile,
92
113
114
Index
64 aspects, 23,24,34, 59 of the planets, 71 strong, or benefics, of malefics astrologer, astrologers, later, 46 astrology. See knowledge, its theoretical part,
astronomer
76
19. See perfection 16 summary 1
experienced, badness, 76
19
57,68. See also position beginning, of a (the) disease, 56,57,60,62,66,80,82,83,86
of Aries, 60
of Aries benefics, 29,48, or Libra, 82 72, 76. See also aspects
bile yellow, 38 black, 8

bleedings, blood 8. See also selection
to let blood, 36
34,38 bloodletting, See also parts body, 21,84. 1. See also bodies, aspect books, bowels 10,16,49 loose, Cancer, 91
31,38 31, 38 Capricorn, cardines, 82 cause, 56 of the disease, 54,84,85 for these things, 56 for these crises, 56 causes. See aspect change, 1 4 completeness, of a crisis, 76 14 computation, an exact and correct, 39 condition, 83 of the patient,
14
Index
115
configuration of the Moon, 56 configurations, conjunction, malefic, consideration careful,
58
21,25,33,42,78,87,88 52 8 91
constipation, contrariness in 64 qualities, 29 corruption, crisis, 55, 67, 69, 70, 73. See also completeness, 55 good and complete, most true and right, 59 on the seveth day, 63
day, days,
times
good, 64
crises, 58,67,82. cycles. See also cause, days
good and bad, 3

See number. 73. See also crisis, hours
day, 32,59,60,62,66,
of (a) crisis, 66, 69 of the limit, 80

days, 15,67, 69, 70. See also number in which the crisis falls, 55 of crises, 66 66
every seven, 16,25 85 decrease, decan, decree, deeds 94
good, 94 degree, 26,33 of the aspect, 23 of apogee, 27,28 of perigee, 28 degrees, 33 16. See also house detriment, disease, 52,57, 60,67, strengthening, chronic, 70 65, 72, 76, 79,91. times See also beginning, cause, sign,
prolonged, 83 bad and prolonged, 88

disease. one disease after another, See Moon, Sun See disposition. aspect dodecantemorion, 33 83
116
Index
east. See sign eclipse, 81 effect of the agents, 2 of the distant and proximate of the purgative, 45 50 elections, See world elements. emetic, 47
error
agents,
or mistake evil, 91 exaltation, execution, 16,25. 8
by the physician, See also house
52
55 experience, expert in this science, experts, 15 inmedicine explanation of the terms,
74 in our 20,33 time, 8
fevers intermittent, continuous, 75 75
fluid, 40 fluids bodily, 40

foodstuff, 37 force the spheres, forces, 3 active, 2 of he spheres, forms the forms the forms friend of composite 1 of the spheres, in the world things, 1
1,2
distinguished,
fundamentals.
See principles
Gemini, generation, goodness,
31,34,38 5 76
Index
117
24, 76,89 hatred, 16. See also house Head. See nodes head, 36 harm, healer
healer of all flesh, 94

health, hearts, 53. See also movement 5
4 Hippocrates, 53 honor, horizon, 42,43,47 horoscope the natal horoscope natal, 94 hour. See sign hours, house, 26 of the patients, 94
of the day, 26
25,30 its own, 25, 78 of its exaltation,
25, 78
of its triplicity, 25 of its hatred (detriment), 30

of their detriment houses, human humor, illness. 16,25 being, 6 37. See also sign or hatred
See movement 1 impression, increase, 84 76,92 good, 87 94 indications, 3. See also natures individuals, influence 29 beneficial, 16 information, indication, 26 instruments, intention, 20 of this treatise, iron, 35 judgment, 87 Jupiter, 13,29,45,92
17,19,34
118
Index
2,3,37 knowledge, of astrology,
6 and methods of this science, 50
of the principles 51 of medicine,
Leo, 31,38 See also beginning Libra, 31,33,38,61. 4 life, limit, 25,76. See also day Lord, 52 of the Ascendat, 27,42 of the rising sign, 27 malefics,
man
33,43,
72. 76. See also aspects 3
common, Mars,
masters
13,29,33,34 of this science, See power 20 knowledge
matter.
medicine, Mercury, method, methods.
1, 72,. See also art, experts, 78 13,29,34, 26 See knowledge 25
might, 54. See also error mistake, 53 mistakes, Moon, 63, 65,67, 70-72, 14,29,32,34,35-48,56-60, 92. See also corruption, positions fast in its motion, 67 slow in its motion, 67, 68 in acute diseases, 74 the way of the Moon 84, 85, 89 waxing, 84, 85, 88 waning, See also Moon, motion, 32,33,89. 32 mean, movement the movement
name
78,80-82,83,8e>-88,
planet
from health
to illness,
good, 54
Nature, nature.
natures
72, 76 57,65,70, See sign 80 of the planet, 2 of individuals, of the signs, 16
Index
119
neck, 36 needle very nodes or Trail of the, 33 Head number of the cycles, 75 fine, 5
of the days, 75
opponent, opposite
57. See also action
of this position, 60,61 of Aries, 61

22,33,48,59,81,82. opposition, 61 oppositions, orb. See planet orbit. See apogee See also aspect
part, 35. See also sign parts, 4
of the body, 35
patient, 48,51-53,80,90. 4 perfection, See also condition, horoscope 2 of the astrologer, of the physician, 3 16,91. See also degree, Saturn perigee, 38 phlegm, See also error, perfection 6,8,51-54,94. physician, 93 learned, 70 physicians, learned, 55 expert, 55 Pisces, 31,38 planet, 21,24,25,30,34,41,42,46,47,87. 27 "retrograde", in its apogee, the orb of rising 32 slow inmotion,
See also nature which 27
is called
good or bad, 80
planets, 13,15,16,21,22,42,43. 56-59,62,64,67,68,71.
retrograde,
43 See also positions See also aspects, opposite, Saturn
good or benefic, 29
position,
in the begining of (a) the disease, 58,63,65, 70, 72,78,81 initial, 66

in the sphere, of its apogee, 72 91
120
Index
13,15 positions, of the seven the daily positions of the planets, 18,19
planets,
11
of theMoon, 76
42,43 42,43 42,43,45,47 the matter, 57,64 14 practice, See knowledge principles. and fundamentals the principles of this science, 94 3,51, 76 prognosis, potion, 37 potion, potions, potions, of 8 potions, power, 29 Ptolemy, 45,52 See also effect 42,44,45. purgative, 8. See also selection purgatives, purpose, 50 82 quadrant, quality, 61 62. See also contrariness qualities, contrary, quartile, 24,62, ratio, 75 reasoning logical, 55 94 repentance, request, 10 retrograde, 47. See also planet rule general, rules, 34,51 50 64 77,81. See also aspect
of this science,
50
77 general, 31,38 Sagittarius, Saturn, 13,29,33,34,44,88-91 in the position of its apogee in its perigee, 91 sayings short, scholar, 3 scholars 93 experienced, science, 6,16,49,51,56. 55 medical, 51
or close
to it, 91
See also expert, knowledge,
masters,
principles
Index
121
Scorpio, 31,33,38,41 selection and purgativs nad vomitives, of the times proper for bleedings times to administer and of the <proper> potions purgatives to perform 49 bleedings, sextile, 22. See also aspect 16 See also Lord 21,26,30,33,34-37,47,48. sign, in east the 26 each hour, rising 30 ascending, shame, semi good, 78 81 rising, 82 tropical, 83
19 and
of te bodily part that you want to bleed, 39
bad,
fixed, 83
83 bicorporal, to the nature corresponding 86 disease, to the disease, 87 opposite See 54. natures signs, tropical, 31
of the humor
which
caused
the
fixed, 31
bicorporal,
31
fiery, 38
earthy, 38 38,40,48 watery, 38 airy,

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Hebrew Medical Astrology: David Ben Yom Tov, Kelal Qaan: Original Hebrew Text, Medieval Latin Translation,

'-* ?n. , .*gn?>0?i ,-m?hwv '"|?S

!-y*??;*?^f; :^*s^a^ 9?^ r

" ?m??r*3??"W?' i?>ol.t3*lWwmi?^e<n,."<?35??t?t.C\. ;V??)V.?'M<*?!j.ikH>??-l?*H. ._..j I.-L_-.._L ?-?^M-g;??.*^ ..^.?nw???* A. j*qw,.??w,.fkWf.

fragments C.1400. 36 x 24 cm.

Astrology: David Kelal Ben Yom Qatan Tov,

Text, Original Hebrew Latin Translation, Medieval Modern English Translation

Astrology: David Ben Kelal Yom Qatan Tov,

Text, Original Hebrew Latin Translation, Medieval Modern English Translation

Gerrit Bos Charles Burnett

American Philosophical Society 2005 Philadelphia

AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY

Copyright All rights ISBN-10: ISBN-13:

for its Transaction

reserved. 0-87169-955-9 978-0-87169-955-8

Acknowledgments.ix 1-Introduction.1 2-Original 3-The Hebrew Text.35

Latin Text.63 English Translation.83

It is our great pleasure Hebrew text, medieval

to the reader translation

this edition and modern

of the original trans English

lation of the Kelal Qatan (Concise Summary) composed by David Ben

Hebrew duction thank

Chapter One Introduction

David and information about themanuscripts

(Hebrew and Latin)

to emerge from our admittedly 1

2 Hebrew Medical Astrology, David Ben Yom Tov, Kelal Qatan

tous import in directing subsequent developments;

upon it certainly of research; future research.

Sketch forms the core of Kelal Qat

The astrological medicine

provide chances the most factors between

prognoses of survival, contributed

obviously the height

by of ocean with waxes

that both themoon

and fevers exhibit cyclic behavior

The first two of these points aremade by Ptolemy in his Tetrabib

Concerning of the moon's close action

bodies for themost part, but it shares moderately

also in the heating cy

regard to the astrological

has recently been rediscovered by Hinrich Biesterfeldt

the days of acute diseases on account motion of the

"Hippocrates follow the same swiftness

planetary aspects as well, with

the theory of critical days, takes up

4 Hebrew Medical Astrology, David Ben Yom Tov, Kelal Qatan

problem of the Galenic

to astrology, observes for those who would

that On Critical like to excise

thorough study of Galen's ways

scholarly literature. It is found in the Hebrew version of an epitome

to be a translation of this particular

inMS Princeton, Garrett 1075, the only

to which we have manuscript its purported from the Arabic,

texts for the development

text begins the reasons

"Whoever are not illnesses

The Arabic version

gins straightaway with

the third sentence: "The principles

two. One is thatwhich can be verified through empirical observation

!-y??;?^f; :^*s^a^ 9?^ r

" ?m??r3??"W?' i?>ol.t3lWwmi?^e<n,."<?35??t?t.C\. ;V??)V.?'M<?!j.ikH>??-l?H. ._..j I.-L_-.._L ?-?^M-g;??.^ ..^.?nw??? A. j*qw,.??w,.fkWf.