C) Determination of the equilibrium constant.

SbCI (aq) + HO (l) SbOCI (s) + 2HCI Volume of SbCI Number of mole Sb CI = 5.0 = 5.0 mL Volume water added = 12.2 mL

0.51000

= 0.0025 mol

Final volume = 5 mL + 12.2 mL Thus , *SbCI+ = 0.0025 0.0172 = 0.14534 = 17.2 mL

mol L Mol of HCI = 5.0 1000

x 6 mol L Thus , [HCI] = 0.03 0.0172 =

1.74418 mol L

Equilibrium constant Kc = [ ][ ]

= 1.744180.14534

= 20.94 Discussion : A) The effect of concentration on the formation of thiocyanoiron(II) Fe (aq) + 2SCN *Fe(SCN)+ (aq) (yellowish brown) (blood red)

-The stress applied to the equilibrium system is an increase in the concentration of SCN when the sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) is added some. To offset this stress, some Fe ions react with the added SCN ions, and the equilibrium shifts from right to left . FeSCN (aq)

Fe (aq) + SCN (aq)

The red colour solution would become darker, when we added iron (III) nitrate *Fe(NO)+ to the original solution because the additional Fe ion from Fe(NO) would shifts the equilibrium from right to left. The added of some sodium hydroxide, NaOH to the original solution which make the solution turns to yellowish brown colour. The equilibrium shifts from left to right. FeSCN (aq)

Fe (aq) + SCN (aq)

B) The effect of the temperature on equilibrium - At equilibrium at a certain temperature, the heat effect is zero because there is no net reaction. If the heat as though if were a chemical reagent, then a rise in temperature adds heat to the system and a drop in temperature removes heat from the system. - As with a change in any other parameter concentration, pressure, or volume. The system shifts to reduce the effects of change. -The formation of CoCI is endothermic. On heating, the equilibrium shifts to the left and the solution turns blue. Cooling favours the exothermic reaction *the formation of Co(HO) and the solution turns to pink. CoCI + 6HO Co(HO) + 4 CI (blue) (pink)

-When the formation is in endothermic because of it absorb heat. On heating, the equilibrium will changes from left to right where the solution will turns to blue. -When the purple solution is placed in ice bath, cooling favors the exothermic reaction and the solution turns to pink. C) Determination of the equilibrium constant -The following reaction is an example of a heterogeneous system : SbCI (aq) + HO (l) SbOCI (s) + 2HCI (aq) The expression for the equilibrium constant is [ ][ 3 ] Conclusion: - The equilibrium constant, Kc, of a reaction are 20.94 . Kc =

- The temperature and concentration will effect the chemical equilibrium